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1.
The thermal decomposition behavior of some phosphorus-containing polyesters and a polyesterimide was studied using thermogravimetric analysis in air at several heating rates between 5 °C/min and 20 °C/min. The results of this study, realized for polymers with phosphorus linkage as pendant group, were compared with the behavior of some polymers having the same backbone structure, with phosphorus in the main chain, respectively, without phosphorus. The kinetic processing of data was carried out using the Coats-Redfern, Reich-Levi, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa and Kissinger methods. 相似文献
2.
M. Spontón 《Polymer Degradation and Stability》2009,94(10):1693-1699
A DOPO-containing benzoxazine, which could not be prepared by the traditional approaches, was successfully prepared from phenol, aniline and DOPO by a three-step procedure. The first step is the condensation of 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde with aniline, forming an intermediate imine. The second step is the addition of DOPO to the imine resulting a secondary amine. The third step is the ring closure condensation leading to DOPO-containing benzoxazine. All these structures were confirmed by 1D and 2D NMR spectra. The curing of mixtures of DOPO-containing benzoxazine and benzoxazine of bisphenol A has been studied. In the samples the molar ratio of benzoxazine monomers was varied to achieve different phosphorus content. The phosphorus-containing polybenzoxazines have been characterized by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. Limiting oxygen index values indicates good flame retardant properties. 相似文献
3.
Thirteen phosphorus-containing flame retardants were synthesized in this work. The solubilities of flame retardant [(6-oxide-6H-dibenz[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphorin-6-yl)-methyl]-butanedioic acid (DDP) in selected solvents are measured. TGA measurements of the 13 phosphorus-containing flame retardants were carried out and thermal stabilities of three flame-resistant PET (FRPET) resins were investigated. A FRPET incorporated by DDP with terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol reported in literature was also discussed and compared. The thermal stability of the FRPET is improved by the incorporation of phosphorus-containing flame retardants. The LOI values of all phosphorus-containing polyesters are higher than 27%. The improvement of the flame-resistant ability is due to the formation of the char that is not only caused by the existence of phosphorus elements in the resin but also by the relative large number of carbon atoms of the phenyl group in the flame retardants. 相似文献
4.
Ken Maruyama Hiroto Kudo Takayuki Ikehara Nobuhito Ito Tadatomi Nishikubo 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2005,43(19):4642-4653
Hyperbranched polyesters with terminal methacryloyl groups (HBPEAc) were synthesized by the one‐pot polyaddition of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether and trimesic acid in the presence of methacrylic acid with a number‐average molecular weights of 5100–7700 in 70–83% yields. The photoradical polymerization of HBPEAc was examined in the presence of 2‐methyl‐1‐[4‐(methylthio)phenyl]‐2‐morpholinopropan‐2‐one (Irgacure 907®) as a photoinitiator in the film state upon UV irradiation to afford the corresponding cured films quantitatively. The crosslinking densities of the cured films of HBPEAc were higher than those of the corresponding linear ones, and birefringence cannot be detected for the cured films of HBPEAc because of their random structures. Furthermore, an alkaline‐developable hyperbranched polyester containing pendant carboxyl groups (HBPEAc‐COOH) was prepared by the addition reaction of HBPEAc with cis‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, and its patterning properties were examined to give the resolution of a 55‐μm‐line and 275‐μm‐space pattern by UV irradiation with 700 mJ/cm2. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 4642–4653, 2005 相似文献
5.
New polyesters were prepared from several aromatic phosphonic dichlorides and a diolic monomer bearing a cyclic bulky group containing phosphorus. From kinetic investigation, the rates of polycondensation in melt were calculated and compared with those of the reaction between aromatic diols and phosphonic dichloride. Polyesters were analytically, spectral and thermally characterized and effect of structure on optical properties was investigated. 相似文献
6.
新型侧基含磷共聚酯的阻燃和热降解动力学 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
利用动态热重分析法(TG)研究了聚酯(PET )及侧基含磷共聚酯(FR-PET)在不同升温速率下的热稳定性及热降解动力学, 并通过极限氧指数法(LOI)考察了FR-PET的阻燃性能; 采用Flynn-Wall-Ozawa方法分析了PET和FR-PET的热降解表观活化能; 利用Coast-Redfern方法通过对不同机理模型的选取, 确定了PET和FR-PET热降解动力学机理及其模型, 得出了主降解阶段的非等温动力学方程及热降解速率曲线图. 研究结果表明, 侧基含磷单元的引入提高了聚酯的阻燃性能, 侧基上的P—C和P—O键易断裂, 从而降低了聚酯的热稳定性. PET和FR-PET的热降解表观活化能(0.1≤α≤0.85)分别为194-227和184-209 kJ/mol; PET和FR-PET热降解反应均属于受减速形α-t曲线控制的反应级数机理, 其机理函数为f(α)=3(1-α)2/3(0.1≤α≤0.85). 侧基含磷单元的引入对PET的主降解阶段的热降解速率并无实质上的影响. 侧基含磷共聚酯的凝聚相阻燃作用有限, 可能以气相阻燃机理为主发挥阻燃作用. 相似文献
7.
Nobuhiro Kawatsuki Michael Drr Hans-Werner Schmidt 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1993,31(4):1013-1021
The synthesis, characterization, and structure—property relations of aromatic polyesters with dicyanovinyl substituents is presented. Two comparable series of polyesters based on 3,4-dihydroxybenzylidenemalononitrile and 3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidenemalononitrile were prepared. As aromatic diacid components, terephthalic acid, phenylterephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, and 2-phenylisophthalic acid were used. The polyesters were prepared by solution polycondensation. GPC investigations revealed the existence of substantial amounts of defined cyclic products. These cycles could be isolated by preparative GPC. The polyesters are soluble in common low boiling organic solvents, particularly the phenyl-substituted ones. The polyesters are amorphous and have glass transition temperatures between 140 and 170°C. The absorption maxima are in the 306–322 nm range. The cut-off wavelength is between 400 and 428 nm. The polyesters with methoxy substitutent have generally the absorptions at longer wavelength. The refractive index of thin films of these polyesters were between 1.61 and 1.63 at 632.8 nm. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
8.
Yuanyuan Fang Nan Zheng Fuquan Li Yubin Zheng Fangyuan Hu 《Polymer Degradation and Stability》2011,96(5):1029-1038
Well-defined aliphatic polyesters, polyglycolide (PGA), polylactide (PLA) and their copolymers (PLGA) were prepared by chain-growth polycondensation of potassium 2-bromocarboxylates in solid-liquid phase. The polymerization proceeded in a living fashion without any side reactions. The degrees of polymerization (Dp) of polyesters was in agreement with the feed ratio of monomer to initiator. The polymer, which was only composed of heptamer, octamer and nonamer, possessed a narrow molecular weight distribution. Furthermore, the end groups of polymers, such as allyl and phenyl units, were directly yielded during the polymerization for the further modifying and crosslinking. The synthesized polyesters with allyl end groups were successfully crosslinked, and the products possessed biodegradability in phosphate buffer solution at 37 °C. 相似文献
9.
采用生物质原料腰果酚和9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-膦杂菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)为原料, 合成了一种磷杂菲改性腰果酚多元醇(P-Cardanol-Polyol), 并利用核磁共振氢谱和磷谱对其结构进行了表征. 利用P-Cardanol-Polyol对聚氨酯硬泡(RPUF)进行阻燃改性, 得到一系列阻燃聚氨酯硬泡. 考察了P-Cardanol-Polyol的用量对阻燃聚氨酯硬泡的形貌、 密度、 热导率、 压缩性能、 热稳定性以及阻燃性能的影响. 研究结果表明, P-Cardanol-Polyol对聚氨酯硬泡的密度影响可以忽略不计; 随着P-Cardanol-Polyol的加入, 阻燃聚氨酯硬泡的平均孔径逐渐减小, 热导率也逐渐降低. 未改性聚氨酯硬泡的最大热释放速率和总放热量分别为390 kW/m2和31.9 MJ/m2, 阻燃聚氨酯硬泡则降低至340 kW/m2和24.6 MJ/m2. 此外, 阻燃聚氨酯硬泡的压缩强度比未改性聚氨酯硬泡提升了约13%. 炭层分析结果表明, P-Cardanol-Polyol能够促进聚氨酯硬泡形成连续致密且具有良好抗热氧化性能的炭层, 有利于减少燃烧过程中可燃性气体的逸出, 从而提升阻燃性能. 相似文献
10.
Synthesis, characterization, and cure properties of phosphorus-containing epoxy resins for flame retardance 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
An organophosphorus compound, 10-(2,5-dihydroxyl phenyl)-9, 10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DHPDOPO), was synthesized through the reaction of 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphnanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) and p-benzoquinone, and characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR), and 1H-NMR and 31P-NMR spectroscopes. Consequently, the phosphorus-containing epoxy resins with phosphorus content of 1 and 2 wt.% were prepared via the reaction of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A with DHPDOPO and bisphenol-A, and confirmed with FTIR and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Phenolic melamine, novolak, and dicyanodiamide (DICY) were used as curing agents to prepare the thermosetted resins with the control and the phosphorus-containing epoxy resins. Thermal properties and thermal degradation behaviors of these the thermosetted resins were investigated by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Phenolic melamine-cured resins exhibited higher glass transition temperatures than the other cured resins due to the high rigidity of their molecular chain. TGA studies demonstrated that the decomposition temperatures of the novolak-cured resins were higher than those of the others. A synergistic effect from the combination of the phosphorus-containing epoxy resin and the nitrogen-containing curing agent can result in a great improvement of the flame retardance for their thermosetted resins. 相似文献
11.
A.I. Balabanovich D. Pospiech L. Hußler C. Harnisch M. Dring 《Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis》2009,86(1):99-107
The pyrolysis behavior of aromatic–aliphatic polyesters containing either a pendant 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) group or a phosphine oxide group incorporated into the polymer backbone was studied using a combination of thermogravimetry and pyrolysis-GC/MS. The behavior of the phosphorus polyesters was compared to that of non-phosphorus-containing reference polymers. It could be shown that the DOPO group mainly does not interfere with the polyester decomposition. It produces two main pyrolysis products, o-hydroxybiphenyl and dibenzofuran, with the latter one requiring a higher pyrolysis temperature. Minor products containing the DOPO ring result from secondary decomposition reactions. In contrast, the phosphine oxide group strongly modifies the polyester pyrolysis behavior by decreasing the degradation temperature and changing the composition of pyrolysis products. Among of those, phosphinites and a phosphinate could be identified indicating rearrangement processes of the phosphine oxide group taking place upon pyrolysis. Mass spectra of organophosphorus products and pyrolysis schemes of polyesters are discussed. 相似文献
12.
A novel epoxy-terminated hyperbranched polyphosphate (E-HBPP) was synthesized by employing an A2 + B3 polycondensation and characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR and GPC. E-HBPP was used as a reactive-type flame retardant for diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A/m-phenylene diamine (DGEBA/mPDA) system. A series of flame retardant resins were prepared and their flame retardancy was monitored by the limiting oxygen index (LOI). The results showed that the LOI value of the cured samples and the degree of expansion of the formed char after burning increased along with the E-HBPP content. Their thermal degradation behaviors were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis and in situ FTIR and showed that the phosphate group of E-HBPP first degraded to form poly(phosphoric acid)s at around 300 °C, which had a major contribution to form the compact char to protect the sample from further degradation. The dynamic mechanical thermal properties were studied by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and the results showed a good miscibility between E-HBPP and DGEBA. The mechanical properties of the cured films were also investigated. Less than 20% E-HBPP addition improved both the tensile strength and elongation at break. 相似文献
13.
In this work a layer structure from styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) composites and PU foam with improved flame retardancy property and high sound absorption coefficient at frequency range (200–500 Hz). Different types of flame retardants; iron (acrylic-co-acrylamide) as metal chelate (MC), magnesium hydroxide (MOH) and sodium tripolyphosphate (STP) were blended with SBR. The type and loading level of flame retardant had a great effect on filler dispersion and consequently on mechanical properties of SBR. MOH exhibited the best dispersion as indicated from scanning electron microscope (SEM), and SBR/MOH samples had almost the highest crosslink density (16.04*10−5 g−1 mol) and the best mechanical properties where the tensile strength was improved by 32.7% at 40 phr MOH. Horizontal burning rate of SBR composites indicated that MC and MOH reduced the rate of burning of SBR at all loading levels. TGA data presented that the addition of flame retardants to SBR increased the maximum decomposition temperature in all composites. A double and triple layer structures of SBR composite and PU foam was designed. The effect of 2.5 cm air cavity on the sound absorption coefficient of SBR-PU foam layered structure was studied. The presence of air cavity behind the layered structure improved the sound absorption in the range of (200–500 Hz) better than the existence of it between the layers. The triple-layer structure gave higher sound absorption coefficient at lower frequencies than that obtained with the double-layer structure where it reached to ≥0.98 at 315 Hz. 相似文献
14.
Novel biodegradable-cum-crosslinkable polyesters end-capped by biomesogenic units, cinnamic acid (CA) and ferulic acid (FA), were synthesized via chain-growth polycondensation in solid-liquid phase. The chemical structure of synthesized polymers was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR). The composition of polyesters, which was calculated by 1H NMR, was in agreement with the feed ratios. The thermal properties and crystallinity of polyesters were measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), wide angle X-ray diffraction (WXRD) and polarizing-light microscopy (PLM). It was found that the polyesters possessed good crystallinity. Furthermore, the obtained polyesters could be crosslinked with methyl methacrylate (MMA), n-butyl acrylate (BA) and styrene (St) under thermal condition. The crosslinked products possessed degradability in phosphate buffer solution at 37 °C, which might be potentially applied as biomaterials. 相似文献
15.
Won Ho Park Robert W. Lenz Steve Goodwin 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1998,36(13):2381-2387
Poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate-co-3-hydroxy-10-undecenoate)s (PHOUs) with controlled amounts of unsaturated repeating units were epoxidized to various extents with m-chloroperbenzoic acid (MCPBA) in homogeneous solution. The epoxidation reaction was second order, with an initial rate constant of 1.1 × 10−3Lmol−1.s−1 at 20°C, regardless of the unsaturated unit content in PHOU. No substantial change in either molecular weight or molecular weight distribution occurred as a result of epoxidation, but the melt transition temperature and enthalpy of melting both decreased as the unsaturated groups were increasingly converted into epoxide groups. In contrast, the glass transition temperature (Tg) increased by approximately 0.25°C for each 1 mol % of epoxidation, irrespective of the composition of the PHOU. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem. 36: 2381–2387, 1998 相似文献
16.
A series of the (N-maleimido phenoxy)silane monomers were synthesized by a two-step reaction for using as the application of flame retardant, functional modifier, or a photoresist material in deep-UV region. All of the monomers with maleimide ring were polymerized by radical polymerization in toluene solution using 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator so as to prepare homopolymers. The structures of the maleimide monomers were identified by 1H, 13C, 29Si NMR and element analysis. The chemical structures of polymers were identified by Fourier transform infrared reflection (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The molecular weight distributions of polymers were measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) equipment. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to analyze the thermal properties of the polymers. The degree of polymerization in silicon-containing maleimide polymers should be affected by side chains. The introduction of alkylsilane into a side chain of maleimide polymer may reduce the glass transition temperature (Tg) and thermal stability, but increase char yield of solid residue as an excellent flame retardant. 相似文献
17.
The novel benzoxazine monomer containing phosphorus has been synthesized based on multifunctional amine route from bis(4-aminophenyl)phenylphosphate,p-cresol and formaldehyde.Subsequently,the benzoxazine monomer was thermo-cured into polybenzoxazine containing phosphorus.The chemical structures were 相似文献
18.
Ampornphan Siriviriyanun Edgar A. O’Rear Nantaya Yanumet 《Cellulose (London, England)》2008,15(5):731-737
The phosphorus-containing acrylate monomer, 2-acryloyloxyethyl diethyl phosphate (ADEP), was synthesized and applied to cotton
fabric by using the admicellar polymerization technique. A cationic surfactant (cetylpyridinium chloride, CPC) was used as
the surfactant for admicellar polymerization. Results from FTIR-ATR and SEM showed that PADEP polymer film was successfully
formed on the cotton fabric surface. TGA and DTG analyses showed that the phosphorus-containing PADEP lowered the decomposition
temperature of the treated fabric resulting in a higher char yield than in the case of untreated cotton. The flammability
tests showed that PADEP-coated cotton with the phosphorus content 4.18 mg/g cotton was self-extinguishing, with the flame
extinguishing right after the removal of the ignition source leaving a small area of char formation. 相似文献
19.
2-(Diphenylphosphinyl)-1,4-benzenediol(DPO-HQ) was synthesized by the reaction of diphenylphos- phine oxide(DPO) with 1,4-benzoquinone(BQ), and characterized by Fourier transform infrared(FTIR), and nuclear magnetic resonance(1H NMR, 13C NMR, 31p NMR) spectrometries. The thermal stability of DPO-HQ was investi- gated by thermogravimetric analysis(TGA). Flame retardant epoxy resin was synthesized based on DPO-HQ. The thermal properties and burning performance of cured epoxy resins were measured by differential scanning calorime- try(DSC), thermogravimetric analysis(TGA), limited oxygen index(LOI) and vertical burning test(UL-94V). The morphologies of cured epoxy resins after combustion were investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and electron probe microanalysis(EPMA). Moreover, the thermal stability(both in air and in N2) of DPO-HQ and its cured epoxy resin was compared with that of 10-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10- oxide(DOPO-HQ) and its cured epoxy resin. The thermal stability of DPO-HQ is comparable with that of DOPO-HQ, while the thermal stability of cured epoxy resin based on DPO-HQ is better than that based on DOPO-HQ. 相似文献