紫外光诱导纳米颗粒胶体微射流碰撞特性(英)

采用流体力学模拟方法,建立了垂直非淹没射流的计算流体动力学模型,研究了在紫外光诱导纳米颗粒胶体射流中用直径D为500 m的微孔光-液耦合喷嘴进行抛光加工的冲击动力学,分析了非淹没射流条件下光-液耦合喷嘴内、外的流场分布情况及其对工件表面的喷射冲击特征,对紫外光诱导纳米颗粒胶体射流冲击动力学过程进行了理论描述。计算结果表明,在1 MPa入射压力时,微孔光-液耦合喷嘴口TiO2胶体的喷射速度约为30 m/s,其集束匀速喷射距离约为5 mm。在此喷射距离时进行垂直喷射,在胶束与工件表面的冲击射流作用区域,其射流静压最大值分布在射流冲击作用中心,但射流动压及射流合成速度在此区域的截面分布呈W形状,射流动压及速度最大值出现在胶体射流束的外环直径约2 mm处。     

紫外光诱导纳米颗粒胶体微射流碰撞特性（英文）

采用流体力学模拟方法,建立了垂直非淹没射流的计算流体动力学模型,研究了在紫外光诱导纳米颗粒胶体射流中用直径D为500μm的微孔光-液耦合喷嘴进行抛光加工的冲击动力学,分析了非淹没射流条件下光-液耦合喷嘴内、外的流场分布情况及其对工件表面的喷射冲击特征,对紫外光诱导纳米颗粒胶体射流冲击动力学过程进行了理论描述。计算结果表明,在1MPa入射压力时,微孔光-液耦合喷嘴口TiO2胶体的喷射速度约为30m/s,其集束匀速喷射距离约为5mm。在此喷射距离时进行垂直喷射,在胶束与工件表面的冲击射流作用区域,其射流静压最大值分布在射流冲击作用中心,但射流动压及射流合成速度在此区域的截面分布呈"W"形状,射流动压及速度最大值出现在胶体射流束的外环直径约2mm处。     

紫外-可见光光束在TiO_2纳米颗粒胶体中的传输（英文）

紫外光诱导纳米颗粒胶体射流加工技术利用紫外光场对入射纳米颗粒的催化作用实现对工件表面材料的高效去除。为掌握紫外光诱导纳米颗粒胶体射流加工过程中紫外光束在纳米二氧化钛胶体中的传输特性,基于纳米二氧化钛胶体对紫外-可见光的吸收及散射理论,通过系列实验得到紫外-可见光束在不同浓度、吸收层厚度的二氧化钛纳米颗粒胶体中的传输特性及衰减关系。结果表明,为保证足够强度的紫外光能通过纳米二氧化钛胶体照射在工件表面,胶体浓度宜控制在500mol/m3以下,光-液耦合区胶体吸收层的厚度不宜超过20mm。     

平面射流场中纳米颗粒的成核与凝并

采用大涡模拟和直接积分矩方法,数值模拟了在Reynolds数为8300的平面射流中,水蒸气（相对湿度φ=70%）和硫酸蒸气（质量分数为5×10^-6）二元体系中纳米颗粒的成核与凝并,详细分析了颗粒数密度、体积密度和平均粒径的分布.计算结果表明.射流场混合动量厚度的增长和实验结果一致;射流场的拟序结构导致了涡核中心处硫酸蒸气浓度的明显减小,而纳米颗粒数密度则明显增加;拟序结构的出现导致颗粒碰撞概率增大,提高了颗粒凝并效率;在颗粒数密度较大的涡核中心,颗粒成核作用增强,从而加 关键词： 纳米颗粒 成核 凝并 平面射流     

碳包覆铁纳米颗粒的气相爆轰合成北大核心CSCD

以粉末状与气态二茂铁为原料,以氢气和氧气混合气体为爆轰能源,采用气相爆轰法进行了合成碳包覆铁纳米颗粒实验。XRD和TEM实验结果表明,采用两种不同状态的二茂铁,均得到了纳米碳包覆铁颗粒。该包覆颗粒的组成核为铁或铁碳化合物,外层壳主要由石墨碳组成,大部分球形纳米颗粒尺寸分布于5-30 nm之间。通过对比发现,采用气态二茂铁爆轰时,所得到的碳包铁粒度分布较为集中,壳层厚度比较均匀,且粒子具有较好的球形状。最后结合铁碳合金相图,从热处理角度对气相爆轰合成碳包覆铁纳米颗粒的机理进行了分析,得出产物中α-Fe与Fe_3C的形成过程。分析了碳包覆铁纳米颗粒的磁滞回线,其表现出硬磁性与顺磁性双重性质。     

紫外-可见光光束在TiO2纳米颗粒胶体中的传输

紫外光诱导纳米颗粒胶体射流加工技术利用紫外光场对入射纳米颗粒的催化作用实现对工件表面材料的高效去除。为掌握紫外光诱导纳米颗粒胶体射流加工过程中紫外光束在纳米二氧化钛胶体中的传输特性,基于纳米二氧化钛胶体对紫外-可见光的吸收及散射理论,通过系列实验得到紫外-可见光束在不同浓度、吸收层厚度的二氧化钛纳米颗粒胶体中的传输特性及衰减关系。结果表明,为保证足够强度的紫外光能通过纳米二氧化钛胶体照射在工件表面,胶体浓度宜控制在500 mol/m3以下,光-液耦合区胶体吸收层的厚度不宜超过20 mm。     

紫外-可见光光束在TiO2纳米颗粒胶体中的传输

紫外光诱导纳米颗粒胶体射流加工技术利用紫外光场对入射纳米颗粒的催化作用实现对工件表面材料的高效去除。为掌握紫外光诱导纳米颗粒胶体射流加工过程中紫外光束在纳米二氧化钛胶体中的传输特性,基于纳米二氧化钛胶体对紫外-可见光的吸收及散射理论,通过系列实验得到紫外-可见光束在不同浓度、吸收层厚度的二氧化钛纳米颗粒胶体中的传输特性及衰减关系。结果表明,为保证足够强度的紫外光能通过纳米二氧化钛胶体照射在工件表面,胶体浓度宜控制在500 mol/m3以下,光-液耦合区胶体吸收层的厚度不宜超过20 mm。     

等离子射流近场特性的数值模拟北大核心CSCD

等离子射流点火技术在航空航天、武器工业及民用工业中均有应用。为了探索等离子射流的点火特性,对等离子射流在大气中瞬态膨胀扩展近场特性进行了数值模拟,获得了射流扩展过程中的压力、速度、温度分布以及两相界面演化特性。结果表明:等离子射流扩展过程中,射流近场逐渐形成马赫盘,并伴随射流分叉、聚合现象。正激波上游各参数均不随时间变化,下游参数随时间改变。射流前端面扩展位移计算值与实测值吻合较好。     

微秒脉冲激励的大气压氦等离子体射流放电特性北大核心CSCD

研究了不同电极结构以及放电参数对微秒脉冲激励的氦等离子体射流放电特性的影响。实验中采用不同管内径、不同电极形状、不同重复频率等参数,通过采集放电阶段的电流电压图、发光图像以及发射光谱等,对等离子体射流的电学特性和光学特性进行诊断。实验结果表明,随着管内直径的增大,氦等离子体射流的长度减小;管内径为8mm时,等离子体射流的击穿电压与放电电流最小,同时,其发射光谱中第二正带系N2,N+2和O等高能活性粒子的强度最高;管内径为5mm的等离子体射流的放电电流、功率及消耗的能量最大;在相同实验条件下,针尖电极结构中的放电电流、消耗的功率还有发射光谱强度都较大;随着重复频率的增加,氦等离子体射流的长度会增加,但击穿电压减小。     

激光诱导环氧玻璃钢等离子体电子密度测量（英文）北大核心CSCD

利用马赫曾德尔干涉测量系统采集到等离子体的激光干涉图像。为了提高数据处理的精度,应用了改进的数字式二次曝光傅里叶法从干涉图中获取了初始的缠绕相位,并采用改进的基于掩膜与枝切法的相位解缠算法对缠绕相位进行相位解缠。在对解缠相位做Abel逆变换后,得到了不同延时时刻下激光诱导环氧玻璃钢等离子体电子密度的空间分布。结果显示:测量得到的电子密度主要为1018 cm~(-3)数量级。实验表明,在记录的时间范围内激光等离子体的电子总数变化不大,且电子密度的变化与等离子体体积的变化大致成反比。     

氧化锌纳米颗粒薄膜的近紫外电致发光特性研究

利用溶胶-凝胶法(sol-gel method)制备了ZnO纳米颗粒薄膜(ZnO nanoparticle film),并以此为发光层制备了结构为ITO/ZnO nanoparticle/MEH-PPV/LiF/Al的电致发光器件.通过调整器件发光层厚度,对器件的发光光谱和电学特性进行测试研究,发现该器件在一定的直流电压下可以得到以ZnO近紫外(中心波长390 nm)发光为主的电致发光光谱,显示出较好的ZnO近紫外电致发光特性.对该器件的发光机理进行了一定的研究,认为该器件的发光是基于载流子隧穿.     

Impacting materials by light and seeing their structural dynamics

The emergence of the field of photo-induced transformation triggered by intense and ultra-short light pulse in a material has opened a new route to acting on matter. It combines many of today’s issues such as far away from equilibrium phenomena, coherence and quantum control, complex correlations and non linear responsiveness, inter-conversion of energy and information. The advent of ultrafast structural dynamics motivated developing new tools to directly watch how matter works, by probing the time- and length-scales on which photo-induced processes take place. Different points will be briefly overviewed: (i) the development of laser pump and X-ray probe for watching ultrafast structural dynamics, (ii) the physical features resulting from this way of impacting materials by light, (iii) the presentation of some examples investigated by time-resolved X-ray diffraction and diffuse scattering experiments to illustrate the complex structural dynamics of a photo-induced transformation.     

Characteristics of microjet methane diffusion flames

Characteristics of microjet methane diffusion flames stabilized on top of the vertically oriented, stainless-steel tubes with an inner diameter ranging from 186 to 778 μ m are investigated experimentally, theoretically and numerically. Of particular interest are the flame shape, flame length and quenching limit, as they may be related to the minimum size and power of the devices in which such flames would be used for future micro-power generation. Experimental measurements of the flame shape, flame length and quenching velocity are compared with theoretical predictions as well as detailed numerical simulations. Comparisons of the theoretical predictions with measured results show that only Roper's model can satisfactorily predict the flame height and quenching velocity of microjet methane flames. Detailed numerical simulations, using skeletal chemical kinetic mechanism, of the flames stabilized at the tip of d = 186, 324 and 529 μ m tubes are performed to investigate the flame structures and the effects of burner materials on the standoff distance near extinction limit. The computed flame shape and flame length for the d = 186 μm flame are in excellent agreement with experimental results. Numerical predictions of the flame structures strongly suggest that the flame burns in a diffusion mode near the extinction limit. The calculated OH mass fraction isopleths indicate that different tube materials have a minor effect on the standoff distance, but influence the quenching gap between the flame and the tube.     

Stability of a subsonic gas microjet

The stability of and the laminar-turbulent transition in a plane subsonic helium microjet flowing out into the atmosphere is studied experimentally. The microjet experiences both natural perturbations and controlled periodic acoustic effects. The averaged and instantaneous flow fields are visualized using the Schlieren method and particle tracking method. The pulsation parameters of the mass flow rate are measured, and data for nonlinear interaction between the perturbations at the laminar-turbulent transition in the microstructure are obtained by bispectral analysis.     

Rotational dynamics of gold nanoparticle chains in water solution

In this study, the optical properties of two nano-sized polymer colloids in optical coherence tomography (OCT) were compared in vitro with respect to their potential use as contrast agents. We used two types of particles: compact hydrophobic spherical polystyrene (PS) particles and soft water-swollen nanogel (NG) particles both with grafted hydrophilic shell, both prepared at two different sizes (PS at 300 and 150?nm, NG at 300 and 200?nm). The OCT backscattering signals of the particles in a vessel-mimicking highly scattering agar/TiO₂ phantom were compared on either number of particles or weight percent. Larger particles and higher concentrations produced higher OCT contrast. At each concentration tested, a markedly higher contrast was achieved by PS particles than NG particles. PS particles generated a markedly higher OCT contrast than the phantom at concentrations of at least 1?×?10¹⁰ or 0.1?% for PS 300?nm and at least 3?×?10¹¹ particles/mL or 0.4?% for PS 150?nm. The contrast generated by NG 300?nm was above the phantom contrast at concentrations of at least 3?×?10¹¹ particles/mL or 1?%, whereas NG 200?nm only at 4?%. At any given weight percent, the differences in OCT contrast between differently sized particles were much less evident than in the comparison based on particle number. PS 300?nm generated also a good contrast ex vivo on chicken muscle tissue. These results strongly suggest that PS spheres have strong potential as intravascular OCT contrast agent, while NG particles need further contrast enhancer for being used as OCT contrast agent.     

Optical forces induced by metal nanoparticle clusters

The strong field localization generated between closely placed metal particles excited by electromagnetic radiation induces intense forces on small polarizable objects. In this study we investigate the optical forces that can be generated in the vicinity of metal nanoparticle clusters using fully electrodynamic numerical simulations. The influence of the cluster configuration as well as of the excitation parameters is analyzed.     

Decay dynamics of ultraviolet photoluminescence in ZnO nanocrystals

Time resolved photoluminescence (PL) measurements at low temperature are performed on colloidal ZnO nanocrystals dispersed in t-butanol. Considering the particle size dependence of the decay times we conclude that the luminescence is composed of two trap related emissions one of which undergoes lifetime shortening due to a non-radiative process. Initial fast shift of the spectrum within 30 ps is observed and it is interpreted as a fast hole cooling just after the excitation.