小型内窥镜干涉型光纤陀螺仪装配质量控制系统（英文）

提出一种用于干涉型光纤陀螺仪(IFOG)装配质量控制的内窥镜系统设计及相关图像分析方法。同时采用1.0mm与2.4mm工业内窥镜系统采集IFOG内部图像与视频数据;并利用多自由度运动控制平台调节内窥镜工作姿态以保证图像的顺利采集。在此基础上,设计了基于db4小波基的图像增强方法,基于灰度共生矩阵的图像纹理特征估计方法以及图像几何形状特征的计算方法等,用以进行内窥镜图像的分析。通过上述系统与方法的应用,能够有效检测出IFOG产品在装配过程中出现的多余物颗粒、光纤断纤或异常胶粘等质量问题,有效提高了IFOG产品的装配质量。     

小型内窥镜干涉型光纤陀螺仪装配质量控制系统（英文）

提出一种用于干涉型光纤陀螺仪(IFOG)装配质量控制的内窥镜系统设计及相关图像分析方法。同时采用1.0mm与2.4mm工业内窥镜系统采集IFOG内部图像与视频数据;并利用多自由度运动控制平台调节内窥镜工作姿态以保证图像的顺利采集。在此基础上,设计了基于db4小波基的图像增强方法,基于灰度共生矩阵的图像纹理特征估计方法以及图像几何形状特征的计算方法等,用以进行内窥镜图像的分析。通过上述系统与方法的应用,能够有效检测出IFOG产品在装配过程中出现的多余物颗粒、光纤断纤或异常胶粘等质量问题,有效提高了IFOG产品的装配质量。     

小型内窥镜干涉型光纤陀螺仪装配质量控制系统（英文）北大核心CSCD

提出一种用于干涉型光纤陀螺仪(IFOG)装配质量控制的内窥镜系统设计及相关图像分析方法。同时采用1.0mm与2.4mm工业内窥镜系统采集IFOG内部图像与视频数据;并利用多自由度运动控制平台调节内窥镜工作姿态以保证图像的顺利采集。在此基础上,设计了基于db4小波基的图像增强方法,基于灰度共生矩阵的图像纹理特征估计方法以及图像几何形状特征的计算方法等,用以进行内窥镜图像的分析。通过上述系统与方法的应用,能够有效检测出IFOG产品在装配过程中出现的多余物颗粒、光纤断纤或异常胶粘等质量问题,有效提高了IFOG产品的装配质量。     

一种2k分辨率内窥镜光学系统设计

随着光学技术以及现代医学的发展,人们对基于内窥镜的微创手术接受度日益提高,医生通过观察由内窥镜获取的病变组织图像进行诊断,因此其光学系统的成像质量至关重要。目前市场上大多数内窥镜图像清晰但细节不够锐利,该文基于Zemax设计了一款分辨率达到2k的内窥镜光学系统,使得最终成像质量更佳。通过提高物镜的相对孔径,并提供一种新的中继硬管棒镜模块及与之匹配的转接光学模块,其入瞳直径为0.6 mm,总长为388.7 mm,视场角为±37.5°,物距为26 mm时物方分辨率为32 lp/mm,物方角分辨力为17/c/(°)。考虑加工以及装配误差,进行公差分析后可知,设计的系统满足实际使用要求。     

装配后泡沫质量的表征技术北大核心CSCD

作为柱腔填充材料,泡沫材料在装配后的形变特征是重要参数,需要精确表征。光学于涉技术可以获得样品表面以下l～2mm深度内的层析结构图像,进而获得相关形变特征信息。利用光学干涉技术开展了对柱腔内泡沫质量的表征研究。搭建了一套基于低相干光源的光纤干涉系统,得到了装配后泡沫的二维和三维内部结构图像,空间测量分辨率好于10μm。通过泡沫图像检测出萃取后存在表面或内部形变的泡沫样品,为装配后泡沫质量的表征提供了依据。     

基于机器视觉的高精度测量与装配系统设计

在对某些精密产品实现自动化生产过程中,存在难以对装配该产品所需的多种装配小零件进行高精度自动测量与装配的问题。针对该问题,搭建了基于机器视觉技术的自动化测量与装配系统。基于Halcon图像处理软件平台,对零件图像进行了中值滤波、图像增强等预处理;采用了Canny算法对零件求取像素精度的边缘,并运用椭圆曲线拟合法获取了亚像素精度边缘;建立了两种相机镜头畸变模型,采用径向排列约束(RAC)标定法与张正友标定法对相机进行了标定,并对标定精度进行了对比;实验结果表明：本系统的装配同轴度精度能达到0.05mm,零件尺寸测量标准差低于3.8μm,满足工业需求,可以解决工业实际问题。     

塑料光纤的研究与应用进展

塑料制成的光纤具有轻质、柔软、低成本等特点,可用于通信、图像传输、照明与装饰等领域,实现与其它光纤优势互补的各种功能.在通信领域,渐变折射率塑料光纤实现了10Gbps@100m的消费级传输速率和40Gbps的测试级传输速率;在图像传输领域,已有0.45mm直径@7400像素和1.5mm直径@13 000像素的传像束,以及分辨率高达256lp/mm的光纤面板产品;在塑料光纤激光器领域,有关增益介质、光纤长度、光纤结构等与激光器/放大器的特征性能间关系的理论与实验研究逐步深入;在装饰和照明领域,已有用塑料光纤开发的太阳光光纤照明、造型光纤照明、光纤毯治疗仪等装置.本文就塑料光纤在上述领域的最新研究和应用情况进行综述.     

光纤几何参数的自动检测仪

叙述了光纤几何参数的自动测试方法,光纤断面通过显微光学系统成像,由CCD摄像头接收,并通过图像采集系统传输到计算机中,供进一步处理,介绍了测量原理及数学模型,采用了图像增强,图像分割等处理技术,消除图像噪声,从光纤断面图像中提取有效信息,采用不同的算法,精确计算了光纤几何参数,编制了实用化软件,提供了实测结果及二三维图示,根据上述原理与技术研制的仪器,操作简便,测量精度高。     

基于机器视觉的移动工件抓取和装配的研究

针对工业生产线上某产品上下盖自动装配的问题,运用运动控制理论与机器视觉相结合,搭建了一套模拟工业生产线产品装配系统。首先利用工业相机对进入视场的工件进行单帧图像采集,获取图像数据;然后利用OpenCV对数字图像进行处理,包括中值滤波、阈值分割、孔洞填充、边缘提取来获取数字图像的特征;之后通过质心法结合矩形拟合计算出工件的质心坐标和偏转角度;最后引导六轴机械臂抓取产品的时候能根据图像处理结果进行纠偏和补偿。该系统采用平面棋盘格标定板对工业相机进行了标定,并且在线进行了验证,实验结果表明,工件抓取和装配成功率为100%,满足工业现场的装配精度要求。     

基于多源系统融合的结构形态感知技术

针对薄壁结构零件在装配过程中由于装配状态变化存在的装配受力变形问题，结合数字孪生发展背景，提出一种激光跟踪、视觉测量、光纤监测多源系统融合的结构形态感知技术。首先，建立多源系统多站位坐标统一模型，实现坐标基准统一；其次，建立异构数据融合模型，完成光纤监测波长与空间点坐标异构数据统一，基于高斯过程实现多源数据融合，预测变形点云，实现产品结构形态感知；最后，以蒙皮薄壁结构为例，模拟装配变形实验。结果表明，融合方法所感知数据更好地反应实际变形，其平均相对误差为4.66%，绝对误差保持在0.016 mm。多源异构数据融合基于实测数据预测形变点云，可实现结构实时变形监测，从而简化视觉测量方式，提高了曲面信息保真度，为动态孪生模型构建提供新思路。     

Infrared image enhancement with learned features

Due to the variation of imaging environment and limitations of infrared imaging sensors, infrared images usually have some drawbacks: low contrast, few details and indistinct edges. Hence, to promote the applications of infrared imaging technology, it is essential to improve the qualities of infrared images. To enhance image details and edges adaptively, we propose an infrared image enhancement method under the proposed image enhancement scheme. On the one hand, on the assumption of high-quality image taking more evident structure singularities than low-quality images, we propose an image enhancement scheme that depends on the extractions of structure features. On the other hand, different from the current image enhancement algorithms based on deep learning networks that try to train and build the end-to-end mappings on improving image quality, we analyze the significance of first layer in Stacked Sparse Denoising Auto-encoder and propose a novel feature extraction for the proposed image enhancement scheme. Experiment results prove that the novel feature extraction is free from some artifacts on the edges such as blocking artifacts, “gradient reversal”, and pseudo contours. Compared with other enhancement methods, the proposed method achieves the best performance in infrared image enhancement.     

Adaptive image enhancement based on clustering of wavelet coefficients for infrared sea surveillance systems

Most of the techniques developed for infrared (IR) image enhancement (IE) depend heavily on the scene, environmental conditions, and the properties of the imaging system. So, with a set of predefined scenario properties, a content-based IR-IE technique can be developed for better situational awareness. This study proposes an adaptive IR-IE technique based on clustering of wavelet coefficients of an image for sea surveillance systems. Discrete wavelet transform (DWT) of an image is computed and feature vectors are constructed from subband images. Clustering operation is applied to group similar feature vectors that belong to different scene components such as target or background. Depending on the feature vectors, a weight is assigned to each cluster and these weights are used to compute gain matrices which are used to multiply wavelet coefficients for the enhancement of the original image. Enhancement results are presented and a comparison of the performance of the proposed algorithm is given through subjective tests with other well known frequency and histogram based enhancement techniques. The proposed algorithm outperforms previous ones in the truthfulness, detail visibility of the target, artificiality, and total quality criteria, while providing an acceptable computational load.     

基于梯度折射率透镜的关节镜光学系统设计

关节镜是一种用于观察关节内部结构、诊治关节疾患的内窥镜。利用梯度折射率透镜质量轻、体积小、像质好的优点,运用Zemax软件设计了一款结构简单的关节镜光学系统,可用于1/10＂CCD关节内窥镜成像。系统具有60视场角,F数为6, 工作距离从～5 mm,各视场的调制传递函数(MTF)在125 lp/mm时达到0.2以上,分辨率达到4 m,且各组态点列图均小于艾里斑半径。光学结构总长204 mm,最大镜头口径小于4.6 mm,根据关节镜的使用特点,系统满足使用要求。     

Three-dimensional visualization of objects in scattering medium using integral imaging and spectral analysis

This paper presents a three-dimensional visualization method of 3D objects in a scattering medium. The proposed method employs integral imaging and spectral analysis to improve the visual quality of 3D images. The images observed from 3D objects in the scattering medium such as turbid water suffer from image degradation due to scattering. The main reason is that the observed image signal is very weak compared with the scattering signal. Common image enhancement techniques including histogram equalization and contrast enhancement works improperly to overcome the problem. Thus, integral imaging that enables to integrate the weak signals from multiple images was discussed to improve image quality. In this paper, we apply spectral analysis to an integral imaging system such as the computational integral imaging reconstruction. Also, we introduce a signal model with a visibility parameter to analyze the scattering signal. The proposed method based on spectral analysis efficiently estimates the original signal and it is applied to elemental images. The visibility-enhanced elemental images are then used to reconstruct 3D images using a computational integral imaging reconstruction algorithm. To evaluate the proposed method, we perform the optical experiments for 3D objects in turbid water. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method outperforms the existing methods.     

微面形貌观测物镜的光学系统误差分析

提出了一种非接触内窥式微面形貌探测镜,分析了其光学系统的装配误差对实际成像位置的影响.利用几何光学原理,计算了三种装配误差与实际成像位移之间的关系.给出了满足CCD成像分辨率要求的位置调整范围,推导出透镜的装配误差范围,达到成像清晰、系统分辨率高的目的.     

小口径大视场工业内窥镜光学系统设计

近年来,内窥镜广泛应用于复杂环境下小尺寸零件缺陷检测,该文设计一种用于航空发动机叶片检测的工业内窥镜光学系统。系统基本结构采用二次成像,物镜采用非对称反远距结构,将大视场光线收束进小口径腔体中,适配镜将物镜所成一次实像放大21倍,后接对角线长42 mm高速相机。系统基于Zemax设计软件进行系统优化、公差分析和像质评价,最终系统具有大视场(120°)、细孔径(3 mm)、耐高温(25℃～180℃)等特点。由于对视场、孔径和适配镜放大率有较高要求,因此合理引入非球面提高系统成像质量,入瞳直径提高至0.5 mm,系统空间截止频率在17 lp·mm^-1处,全视场调制传递函数值均大于0.28,最大畸变值小于21.2%。     

基于IGES的激光扫描投影文件解析方法研究

激光扫描投影仪能够实现待装配零部件线框轮廓的精准位置投影,能够大幅度改善由传统装配方式所引起的精度差,效率低等问题。为了在自主研发的激光扫描投影系统中实现可直接读取IGES（初始化图形交互规范）格式的三维数模激光投影,研究了多特征图元提取和文件自动生成方法。该方法通过提取待投影线框图形的点、线、面等数据特征,以元胞的方式存储在.ply格式文档中,通过.ply文件对数控开关进行延时控制以及对二维振镜轨迹进行操控,实现更加智能化地控制激光扫描投影。应用12个IGES格式图元的投影实验验证,该方法可实现所有图元清晰投影且激光轮廓线宽优于0.3 mm,通过这种新型投影系统可提高车间装配生产效率,改善装配精度。     

大口径离轴反射式星模拟器光学系统设计

星模拟器作为星敏感器的地面标定系统,用来模拟星点像的大小、星等、光谱、色温、星的位置及星之间的角距等。随着航天技术的不断发展,对星模拟器本身的要求也越来越高,进而使星模拟器重要部件准直光学系统的设计成为关键因素。利用离轴反射式光学系统无色差、体积小、光利用率高、中心无遮拦等特点,提出一种离轴抛物面式准直光学系统。该系统由离轴主抛物面反射镜和次平面反射镜组成,实现了通光口径为300 mm,焦距为3 000 mm,视场角为30的准直光学系统设计,经像质分析表明,在视场角内畸变为0.006 2%（小于0.01%）,MTF达到衍射极限,波相差为0.071 6 ,所设计的光学系统能满足要求,并论述了准直光学系统的装校过程。     

A semi-automated hybrid algorithm for accurate detection and counting of chemically etched tracks

In this paper, we present an accurate and comprehensive semi-automated algorithm for detection and counting the chemically etched tracks on polycarbonate nuclear Track detectors. The proposed algorithm consists of two main phases: a preprocessing phase for image preparation and quality improvement. It uses a format conversion into gray-scale image and contrast enhancement procedure. The contrast enhancement procedure employs the first-order fuzzy moment of the image and the Sugeno class of fuzzy complements to maximize the parametric indices of fuzziness of the image. In one feature extraction phase, two intrinsic characteristics of tracks are defined and formulated as topological feature (TF) and chromatic feature (CF). TF refers to tracks shape and geometry which are characterized and quantized by calculating the local Gray Level Spatial Correlation histogram of the tracks and CF refers to the color intensity difference of the tracks borders and tracks centric areas. The CF characterizes this difference specified to the tracks. After the feature extraction phase, the algorithm enters the detection and counting phase in which the fuzzy sets of background, noise (including small objects, notches, etc.) and track are constructed. Detected objects are then characterized according to their membership values to the fuzzy sets. The algorithm is designed in order to be applicable for different forms of tracks and track counting systems. Accuracy, linearity, sensitivity to the input parameters and comprehensibility of the method are validated in the simulation section.     

微型光纤传像束内窥镜的物镜设计

根据微型纤维软镜小尺寸、大视场的要求, 分析其设计准则, 采用"负-正"型反远距物镜作为初始结构, 确定其为像方远心光学系统。通过理论计算和Zemax光学仿真软件的不断优化, 最终设计出了一个工作波段在0.48 μm~0.65 μm, 焦距为0.37 mm, 全视场90°, 相对孔径为1:4的微型光纤传像束内窥镜物镜。该物镜由4片透镜组成, 包括1片负透镜、1片正透镜和1片双胶合透镜。设计结果表明:镜头总长3.89 mm, 最大横截面直径0.95 mm, 满足像方远心光学系统的初始设计要求, 在奈奎斯特空间频率77 lp/mm处的调制传递函数(MTF)近似为0.7, 接近衍射极限, 并且具有小尺寸、大视场、像质优良、结构合理、像面光照强度均匀等特点, 符合微型纤维式内窥镜的使用条件。