微球耐压性能的自动测量方法（英）

空心微球具有广泛的应用,耐压性能是其重要特性之一。但人工测量劳动强度大且精度较差。提出一种基于图像检测的自动测量方法,可检测微球加压过程中的破损情况并记录压力值。首先,利用梯度霍夫变换定位微球,再通过Canny边缘检测提取微球轮廓信息,并减少环境因素对检测的影响。最后Hu不变矩被用来将加压中的微球图像与加压前图像进行匹配,当微球破损后,匹配结果超过阈值,判定微球失效。为证明方法的准确性和稳定性,搭建了实验平台,对不同直径的玻璃和塑料微球进行了加压实验。实验结果表明,微球破损的成功识别率几乎为100%,同时微球破损时的压力值也被准确地记录。     

微球耐压性能的自动测量方法（英文）

空心微球具有广泛的应用,耐压性能是其重要特性之一。但人工测量劳动强度大且精度较差。提出一种基于图像检测的自动测量方法,可检测微球加压过程中的破损情况并记录压力值。首先,利用梯度霍夫变换定位微球,再通过Canny边缘检测提取微球轮廓信息,并减少环境因素对检测的影响。最后Hu不变矩被用来将加压中的微球图像与加压前图像进行匹配,当微球破损后,匹配结果超过阈值,判定微球失效。为证明方法的准确性和稳定性,搭建了实验平台,对不同直径的玻璃和塑料微球进行了加压实验。实验结果表明,微球破损的成功识别率几乎为100%,同时微球破损时的压力值也被准确地记录。     

微球耐压性能的自动测量方法（英文）

空心微球具有广泛的应用,耐压性能是其重要特性之一。但人工测量劳动强度大且精度较差。提出一种基于图像检测的自动测量方法,可检测微球加压过程中的破损情况并记录压力值。首先,利用梯度霍夫变换定位微球,再通过Canny边缘检测提取微球轮廓信息,并减少环境因素对检测的影响。最后Hu不变矩被用来将加压中的微球图像与加压前图像进行匹配,当微球破损后,匹配结果超过阈值,判定微球失效。为证明方法的准确性和稳定性,搭建了实验平台,对不同直径的玻璃和塑料微球进行了加压实验。实验结果表明,微球破损的成功识别率几乎为100%,同时微球破损时的压力值也被准确地记录。     

分步加压法测量薄壁空心玻璃微球的耐压能力

根据空心玻璃微球（HGM）耐内、外压能力与玻璃强度及形状因子的关系,用压力负荷分步增加的方法分别实验测量了直径为350μm～550μm、壁厚＜1.1μm的3种配方HGM的耐内、外压能力及HGM玻璃的杨氏模量和拉伸强度,并由强度测定值给出了不同直径与壁厚HGM的耐内、外压能力的计算式,分析了测量误差,提出了改进方案。     

分步加压法测量薄壁空心玻璃微球的耐压能力

 根据空心玻璃微球（HGM）耐内、外压能力与玻璃强度及形状因子的关系,用压力负荷分步增加的方法分别实验测量了直径为350μm～550μm、壁厚＜1.1μm的3种配方HGM的耐内、外压能力及HGM玻璃的杨氏模量和拉伸强度,并由强度测定值给出了不同直径与壁厚HGM的耐内、外压能力的计算式,分析了测量误差,提出了改进方案。     

ICF靶用空心玻璃微球耐压性能测试

 利用自行研制的空心微球耐外压装置和充气装置，测试了目前激光惯性约束聚变实验打靶使用的空心玻璃微球耐内压能力和耐外压能力。空心玻璃微球采用液滴法制备，直径为180～250 mm、壁厚为0.8~4.0 mm。理论计算表明，当微球纵横比超过90时，耐外压能力与球壳材料的杨氏模量有关，由此测量得到的空心玻璃微球杨氏模量为55~75 GPa。玻璃微球的耐内压能力主要与球壳材料的抗拉强度有关，实验测量得到的玻璃微球抗拉强度为90~140 MPa。     

干凝胶法制备空心玻璃微球

在ICF研究中，空心玻璃微球（HGM）因其具有耐压强度高、气体渗透率低、光学透明和相对较低的原子序数等优点，是一种重要的氘氚燃料容器。相对于液滴法，干凝胶法需要较少的传质传热量，并且溶胶一凝胶过程有利于Ca，Al，Zn，Mg等增强组分的均匀掺入，因此，干凝胶法更适于制备大直径厚壁空心玻璃微球。     

微封装法制备空心塑料微球

采用微封装法，以聚苯乙烯为成球物质，对成球的乳化搅拌速度，溶液浓度、水／有机相体积比、实验温度及真空度等因素进行了研究，在此基础上，成功地制得了单壳ＰＳ空心微球，其几何参数为：直径１００－３００μｍ，壁厚２－８μｍ、球形度≥９５％、同心度≥９０％、表面粗糙度≤３００ｎｍ。     

电子束辐照对玻璃微球储氚性能的影响

以研究氚衰变β电子对玻璃微球保气性能为目标,利用XPS在线测量技术研究了电子束照射下碱式硼硅酸盐玻璃中K+离子的迁移以及由此引发的空心玻璃微球保气性能的下降。研究表明：在阈值剂量以上,随着玻璃组分中K+含量的增加,由于K+离子迁移导致的阻气特性的下降效应越明显;对于一定组成的玻璃微球,电子照射剂量越大,通道网络的形成越容易,玻璃微球的保气性能下降越迅速。     

聚芳亚胺酮空心微球的制备

利用微流体技术和双重乳液技术对大直径聚芳亚胺亚胺酮空心微球的制备条件进行了讨论。完成了微球壁厚和直径的控制研究,并讨论了密度不匹配对微球质量的影响。获得了直径0.6～2.0 mm,壁厚5.0～20.0 μm的聚合物微球材料,并对微球制备过程中相分离对聚合物微球形貌的影响进行了分析,结果表明：在聚合物微球外表面易于进行spinodal分相,而在内表面易于进行binodal分相,因此微球内外表面具有不同的形貌结构。同批次制备微球中,平均直径±5%范围内的微球数占88%,球形度大于99%。     

Rolling resistance moment of microspheres on surfaces

In the current work, for the first time, the existence of a rolling moment of resistance of an adhesion bond between a microsphere and flat surface subjected to external dynamic force has been experimentally demonstrated. The rotational motion of spherical particles deposited on a wafer is excited in the 0–3.5?MHz range using a piezoelectric transducer. The approach is based on (i) the observation that the contribution of the rotational (rocking) motion to the axial displacement of the particle are few orders of magnitude higher than those of the purely axial motion and (ii) the existence of a relationship between the rotational natural frequency of the adhesion bond and the work of adhesion. The natural frequency of the rotational (rocking) motion is extracted from the low frequency components of the transient response of the particle in the axial direction, which is measured by a laser interferometer. The existing theoretical adhesion models for rolling resistance moment are evaluated using the experimental results. Good agreement between the theoretical predictions and experimental values is found.     

Accurate measurement of pressure

This paper briefly describes the fundamental principles of the instruments used for accurate measurement of hydrostatic pressure and in particular the use of piston gauges as primary pressure standards. Different methods for the calibration of secondary standards have been discussed and in particular, emphasis has been given to the calibration of secondary piston gauges against the primary standards by the cross-float method along with the evaluation of uncertainties attached to different correction factors associated with the measurement of pressure from these gauges. The importance of secondary pressure standards in the region 0.1 GPa to several GPa has also been defined.     

Automatic optical activity measurement system

The present note proposes a simple, fast and accurate experimental technique to measure the specific optical activity coefficients in fibre-like crystals. The system is based on the automatic electronic phase shift detection by a lock-in amplifier in a dynamic polarimetric system.     

A simple technique for laser-induced ablation pressure measurement

A simple method for measuring laser-induced ablation pressure is described. The technique utilizes the well-known double foil concept. In the present experiment the impact times were estimated by monitoring the reflectivity of the impact foil rear. The measurements were performed using a glass laser (1·06 μm wavelength) in the 10¹¹−10¹³ W/cm² irradiance range. Experimental results showed good agreement with those obtained using other techniques as also those with the self-regulating ablation model prediction.     

六面顶压机立方压腔内压强的定量测量及受力分析

将六面顶压机立方压腔内置入电路,采用原位电阻测量确定Bi,Tl,Ba相变的方法,标定了压腔内不同位置的压力(强).通过标定立方压腔顶锤表面的压力并结合计算,分别得到了外部加载与压腔密封边受力以及合成腔体受力的对应关系.实验分析结果表明,随着外部加载的增加,当腔体压力达到5 GPa时,消耗在压腔密封边上的加载急剧上升,消耗在合成腔体的加载趋于不变,从而导致立方压腔压力达到上限.利用实验结果,分析了立方压腔在高压下的受力状态,解释了立方压腔的压力难以超过7 GPa的原因.结合立方压腔的几何结构,通过理论分析,提出了采用高体弹模量的物质作为传压介质,同时采用低体弹模量的物质作为密封边提高立方压腔压力上限的可行方案.通过定量标定叶腊石压腔轴向的压力梯度,给出了压腔内沿对称轴不同位置压力值的计算方法,此方法可为高压实验提供更精确的压力数据.     

An optical fibre sensor for the measurement of pressure

This paper describes the design, construction and testing of a fibre optic pressure sensor based on a reflecting Fabry-Perot etalon. The etalon comprised one fixed mirror and a second mirror designed to flex under the action of the pressure being monitored. A single multimode fibre was used to connect the passive, remote sensor to the transmitter/receiver section, and dual wavelength referencing was used to eliminate the effects of bending-induced attenuation in the fibre.     

An optical fibre sensor for the measurement of pressure

This paper describes the design, construction and testing of a fibre optic pressure sensor based on a reflecting Fabry-Perot etalon. The etalon comprised one fixed mirror and a second mirror designed to flex under the action of the pressure being monitored. A single multimode fibre was used to connect the passive, remote sensor to the transmitter/receiver section, and dual wavelength referencing was used to eliminate the effects of bending-induced attenuation in the fibre.     

Contactless method of resistance measurement

A contactless method to measure the resistance is suggested that allows one to calculate the distribution of the resistance over the sample with a step of 0.1 mm in the resistance range 10⁷−10¹³ Ω (polyethylene, silicon dioxide, and other high-resistivity materials). In the course of measurement, the sample must be on a nonconductive substrate. The system is charged (or discharged) with a needlelike electrizer, and a charge (or discharge) current pulse is detected. The amplitude of the pulse grows with conductivity of the sample and therefore can be used to measure its resistance. Using this method, one can quickly determine, e.g., the photoconductivity of the material and temperature dependence of the resistivity or estimate how, say, the air humidity or a nearby radioactive source influences the conductivity. With the resistance of the sample known, one can find, for example, the humidity of the environment, illuminance, or radioactive radiation intensity.