300 MeV质子重离子同步加速器慢引出动力学研究

300 MeV质子重离子同步加速器是SESRI(空间环境模拟研究装置)的重要组成部分,慢引出系统动力学研究是该同步环设计的关键。引出系统采用三阶共振慢引出与RF-Knockout(RF-KO)方案为终端提供2～8 s准连续束,在引出静电偏转板处利用3-bump局部凸轨可适当调节螺距和引出角度,但同时也会减小水平工作点,缩小相空间稳定区面积,影响束流正常引出。模拟结果表明,凸轨内二极磁铁和六极磁铁会引起水平工作点减小,造成引出初始阶段粒子大量溢出。因此,基于自主编写的粒子追踪程序SESP对束流时间结构进行了分析,并通过优化激励调幅曲线改善了束流时间结构的均匀性。     

强流重离子加速器装置的增强器慢引出系统（英文）

中国科学院近代物理研究所承担的强流重离子加速器装置目前已进入了初步设计阶段。增强器作为该装置的主加速器,可利用双向涂抹技术将~(238)U~(35+)束的粒子数累积至1.0×10~(11),并将其从注入能量为17 MeV/u加速至高能量,引出能量的范围为200-835 MeV/u。为了提供s量级的准连续束以开展辐照实验,增强器中设计了慢引出系统,该系统将采用三分之一共振与RF-knockout的引出方法。同步加速器中有两种不同种类的六极磁铁,用于实现色品校正与共振驱动,并在设计中考虑了两者能同时运行并互不影响。针对增强器中不同引出能量的~(238)U~(35+)束,对其相应的稳定接受度模拟结果进行了比较,并给出了在引出静电偏转板处的光学匹配参数,这将为增强器中重离子束的慢引出及放射性次级束流分离器的入口光学设计提供重要的理论依据。     

兰州重离子加速器冷却存储环慢引出控制系统

兰州重离子加速器冷却存储环为了进行深层重离子治疗肿瘤的实验,需要长时间、均匀地慢引出束流至高能束运线,以满足深层重离子治疗肿瘤的束流要求。慢引出控制系统采用加速器控制系统的同步时间信号来进行同步控制以实现整个过程控制;当加速器控制系统的同步事例的同步触发信号进行触发控制以及数据切换（频率值、tune值、电压幅值）,波形发生器通过这三个数据信息产生相应的波形及进行放大器放大并控制静电偏转板以实现束流RF-KO方式慢引出。慢引出控制系统的同步事例接收器主要由FPGA与光纤接口组成,实现同步事例的高速稳定传输与强抗干扰性。深层重离子治疗肿瘤的正常运行以及冷却存储环已实现104 s超长周期的慢引出实验表明,慢引出控制系统能实现实验束流需求的慢引出。     

HIRFL-CSR主环慢引出设计

对HIRFL-CSR工程的主环（CSRm）的共振慢引出进行了设计,并采用Winagile程序对引出过程进行了初步的计算机模拟。主环慢引出采用幅度和动量选择引出机制,其引出通道和快引出通道相同。采用了1/3整数共振慢引出机制来获得约1 s的较均匀的引出束流,该引出束流的水平发射度小于1 πmm·mrad。     

HIRFL-CSR主环慢引出设计

对HIRFL-CSR工程的主环（CSRm）的共振慢引出进行了设计，并采用Winagile程序对引出过程进行了初步的计算机模拟。主环慢引出采用幅度和动量选择引出机制，其引出通道和快引出通道相同。采用了1/3整数共振慢引出机制来获得约1 s的较均匀的引出束流，该引出束流的水平发射度小于1 πmm·mrad。     

XIPAF磁铁电源电流纹波对慢引出的影响

从理论和模拟两方面研究了西安质子应用装置二极铁、四极铁电源电流纹波对引出束流的影响,并根据模拟结果确定出以下单种磁铁电源电流纹波标准：对于聚焦四极铁电源,电流纹波/设定值应小于1.2×10^-4;对于散焦四极铁电源,电流纹波/设定值应小于2×10^-3;对于二极铁电源,电流纹波/设定值应小于4×10^-4。因西安质子应用装置同步环上所有磁铁电源采用同一纹波标准,综合考虑所有磁铁电源电流纹波后,最终确定电源电流纹波/设定值应小于1×10^-4。     

强流ECR离子源引出系统研究

为了提高强流ECR 离子源的引出束流品质,分别设计了1# 和2# 引出系统,利用束流引出模拟软件PBGUNS 对1# 和2# 引出系统进行了质子束流引出与传输的模拟计算,结合实际测得的发射度数据分析引出系统,发现2# 引出系统比1# 引出系统引出束流品质高。对ECR 离子源引出系统的电势等位线分布等参数引起的球差进行了简单数学推导及MATLAB 绘图,并结合1# 和2# 引出系统束流相图模拟结果证明了球差会使引出束流品质有效发射度增长,通过适当加大电极孔径可改善束流聚焦情况,得到了束流光学聚焦较好的束流引出系统设计。To improve the quality of extracted ion beam from a high current ECR ion source, 1# and 2# extraction systems were designed and tested. The PBGUNS code was used to simulate the 1# and 2# extraction systems of proton ion beam. The emittance measurement results with the two different extraction systems were compared and analyzed with the simulation, the conclusion that more high quality beam extracted from 2# system than 1# system was got. The formula derivation of ECR ion source extraction system spherical aberration and MATLAB drawing was done by the analyzing on the distribution of extraction field equipotentials, effective emittance increasing caused by spherical berration was proved by 1# and 2# extraction systems beam phase space simulation result, beam focusing would be improved if electrode hole size increasing appropriately and a general concept on good optics focusing of ion beam extraction system was proposed finally.     

小型医用质子同步加速器的慢引出设计

 围绕北京医用质子同步加速器的方案, 研究设计了1/3整数共振的慢引出系统。利用该系统, 可获得较高的引出效率(大于95% )、较小的引出束流发射度(在静电切割器处, 积分发射度为0.15πmm·mrad)、较窄的引出动量分散(0.12% ) 以及较均匀的引出束流。     

小型医用质子同步加速器的慢引出设计

围绕北京医用质子同步加速器的方案, 研究设计了1/3整数共振的慢引出系统。利用该系统, 可获得较高的引出效率(大于95% )、较小的引出束流发射度(在静电切割器处, 积分发射度为0.15πmm·mrad)、较窄的引出动量分散(0.12% ) 以及较均匀的引出束流。     

重离子治癌引出BUMP电源控制器设计

引出凸轨(BUMP)电源是负责医用重离子加速器束流引出的关键设备,其电流上升的同步性影响束流的引出效率,而电流波形的多样性与治疗模式和治疗精度密切相关.要在凸轨磁铁(0.2～0.4 mH)上产生1～5 ms上升且精确同步的励磁电流,并确保电流的跟踪性和波形的多样性,采用了实时调整强励电压及基于特征参数的电流波形控制方法...     

HIAF中环形质量谱仪SRing的线性设计

为了精确测量短寿命原子核质量,提出了在强流重离子加速器装置（HIAF）上建造高精度环形质量谱仪SRing。SRing长188.7 m,最大设计磁刚度为13 Tm,主要由磁聚焦结构、注入系统、引出系统、随机冷却以及探测系统等组成。SRing将运行在等时性模式和收集模式下用于短寿命原子核质量的精确测量和放射性次级束流收集并纯化。详细介绍了SRing的线性光学设计,并给出两种模式下的光学设计、注入及引出系统的设计等,设计参数优化完毕后,机器测量精度有望提高到106。     

HIAF中环形质量谱仪SRing的线性设计

为了精确测量短寿命原子核质量,提出了在强流重离子加速器装置(HIAF)上建造高精度环形质量谱仪SRing。SRing长188.7 m,最大设计磁刚度为1 3 T·m,主要由磁聚焦结构、注入系统、引出系统、随机冷却以及探测系统等组成。SRing将运行在等时性模式和收集模式下用于短寿命原子核质量的精确测量和放射性次级束流收集并纯化。详细介绍了SRing的线性光学设计,并给出两种模式下的光学设计、注入及引出系统的设计等,设计参数优化完毕后,机器测量精度有望提高到10~6。     

基于HIAF的物理研究(英文)

在2010年,中国科学院近代物理研究所向国家发展和改革委员会建议了重大科技基础设施--强流重离子加速器装置（High Intensity Heavy-ion Accelerator Facility,简称HIAF）。经过一系列评估和论证,HIAF于2015年12月被国家发展改革委立项。HIAF建设地址位于广东省惠州市,计划于2018年年底正式开工建造。HIAF由超导直线加速器、同步增强器、高能放射性束流线、储存环谱仪以及若干实验测量装置构成,总投资约为25亿人民币。依托HIAF,我们将拓展核素存在版图,研发先进实验技术和方法,开展前沿物理研究;同时,开展重离子束应用研究,服务国家经济社会发展。简要介绍拟建的加速器系统、实验测量装置以及相关的物理研究计划。The Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, proposed the Major National Science and Technology Infrastructure Facility named as High Intensity Heavy-ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF) in 2010. After a series of assessments charged by the National Development and Reform Commission of China, HIAF was officially approved by China government in December, 2015. HIAF will be constructed in Huizhou, Guangdong Province, and the groundbreaking ceremony of construction is scheduled around the end in the year of 2018. HIAF is composed of a superconducting Linac, a booster ring, a high-energy radioactive beam line, a storage ring, and a number of experiment setups. The total investment of HIAF is about 2.5 billion Chinese Yuan. The major goals for HIAF are to explore the hitherto unknown territories in nuclear chart, to approach the experimental limits, to open new domains of physics researches in experiments, and to develop new ideas and heavy-ion applications beneficial to the societies. In this paper, the accelerator complex of HIAF is briefly introduced, and the experimental setups and associated physics research program are presented.     

Compensation for booster leakage field in the Duke storage ring

The High Intensity Gamma-ray Source(HIGS) at Duke University is an accelerator-driven Compton gamma-ray source, providing high flux gamma-ray beam from 1 MeV to 100 MeV for photo-nuclear physics research.The HIGS facility operates three accelerators, a linac pre-injector(0.16 GeV), a booster injector(0.16—1.2 GeV),and an electron storage ring(0.24—1.2 GeV). Because of the proximity of the booster injector to the storage ring, the magnetic field of the booster dipoles close to the ring can significantly alter the closed orbit in the storage ring being operated in the low energy region. This type of orbit distortion can be a problem for certain precision experiments which demand a high degree of energy consistency of the gamma-ray beam. This energy consistency can be achieved by maintaining consistent aiming of the gamma-ray beam, and therefore a steady electron beam orbit and angle at the Compton collision point. To overcome the booster leakage field problem, we have developed an orbit compensation scheme. This scheme is developed using two fast orbit correctors and implemented as a feedforward which is operated transparently together with the slow orbit feedback system. In this paper, we will describe the development of this leakage field compensation scheme, and report the measurement results, which demonstrate the effectiveness of the scheme.     

HIAF高能辐照终端感生放射性

本工作是基于蒙特卡罗模拟软件FLUKA对高能强流重离子加速器（HIAF）高能辐照终端感生放射性进行初步研究。该终端可运行质子最高能量为9.3 GeV,最大流强是1.45×1012 pps（particle per second）。研究内容包括:（1）预测高能辐照终端内活化物质的放射性活度特性;（2）预测不同冷却时间高能辐照终端内残余剂量率分布。研究结果表明,HIAF正常运行时高能辐照终端内的感生放射性主要受束流垃圾桶活化产生的放射性核素影响。当加速器连续运行100天冷却4小时,垃圾桶表面残余剂量率为2.375 mSv·h-1。终端内空气中13N和15O动态饱和比浓度大于其对应的导出空气浓度。冷却水中13N和15O的活度大于对应的ALI_min。该研究是HIAF辐射防护基础研究以及加速器环境影响评价的一项重要内容。The Monte Carlo code FLUKA was used to predict the induced radioactivity of high-energy irradiation terminal of HIAF. The maximum energy of proton is 9.3 GeV, and the maximum current is 1.45×1012 pps (particle per second). In this study we were to predict:(1) the activity properties of activated substances in the experimental terminal; (2) the residual dose rate distribution in the experimental terminal at different cooling time. The results indicate that the induced radioactivity in the high energy irradiation terminal of the HIAF is mainly affected by the radionuclide induced in the beam dump. The residual dose rate on the surface of the beam dump is 2.375 mSv·h-1, after 100 d irradiation and 4 h cooling. The dynamic saturation ratio of 13N and 15O induced in the air inside the terminal is higher than its corresponding derived air concentration. The activity of 13 N and15O induced in cooling water is higher than its ALI_min. This study is a part of radiation protection basic research and environmental impact assessment for HIAF.     

Tagging system for almost-real photons at VEPP-3 storage ring

At BINP the construction of the tagging system for almost-real photons (TS) is in progress. The energy of tagging photons can be up to 1.5 GeV. The projected energy resolution of TS is better then 1%. For at least a half of photons the linear polarization can be determined. The tagging system will extend the possibilities for photoreaction studying at VEPP-3 significantly. TS would allow to perform a complete kinematics reconstruction, thus permitting a reliable rejection of the background processes; to extend the measurements to higher photon energy; to enabling Σ-asymmetry measurements and double polarization experiments.     

HIAF上基于多核子转移反应的综合谱仪的机遇与挑战

丰中子核的结构及奇特衰变性质是核物理基础研究的一个重要课题。在即将开工的大科学工程强流重离子加速器装置（HIAF）上,我们将设计并建造一条专门针对多核子转移反应的综合谱仪。在此谱仪上,研究将主要集中于丰中子新核素的合成、鉴别及其核结构和衰变性质。介绍了此谱仪的动机、概念设计和工作原理,简要讨论了建造此谱仪的机遇和面对的困难。不同于熔合蒸发及弹核碎裂反应,多核子转移反应产物的出射在实验室系并不是0°附近的前冲方向,而是覆盖了25°~80°宽范围的圆锥角,这给收集和分离感兴趣的多核子转移反应产物带来了很大的困难。气体单元必须满足高束流强度、高传输效率、快传输速度的要求,其设计及建造具有挑战性。气体单元是该谱仪成败的最关键因素。The study on the nuclear structure and exotic decay property of neutron-rich nuclides is an important subject in nuclear physics research. In the ongoing big project HIAF (High Intensity heavy-ion Accelerator Facility), a general purpose spectrometer specific to the multinucleon transfer reactions is being designed and will be constructed. In this spectrometer, the researches will be concentrated on synthesis and identification of new neutron-rich nuclides, and on the study of their nuclear structure and decay properties. In this paper, the motivation, conceptual design and working principle of this spectrometer have been introduced, and the opportunities and challenges in the construction have been discussed briefly. Unlike the fusion evaporation and projectile fragmentation reaction products which are emitted in forward directions near 0° in laboratory frame, the outgoing angles of the products from multinucleon transfer reactions cover a wide range of 25° ~80°, thus it is very difficult to collect and separate those products of interest. The requirements of high beam rate, high transmission efficiency and high transport speed make the gas cell be very challenging in design and construction. The gas cell is the key component for the success of this spectrometer.