通过基矢光前量子化方法对π介子的研究

为研究介子的性质,通过基矢光前量子化方法获得介子的光前波函数。基失光前量子化是一种在哈密顿量体系下基于量子场论的非微扰方法。在哈密顿量中我们考虑了动能项、基于全息色动力学的横向禁闭势、与横向禁闭势互补的纵向禁闭势和基于QCD的夸克-胶子相互作用。我们的基矢空间包括最低阶的两个Fock空间,即领头阶■与次领头阶■。根据所得的光前波函数我们计算了介子衰变常数以及(基于领头Fock空间的)电磁半径,这些结果与粒子数据手册(PDG)上的结果相近。此外,我们计算了(基于领头Fock空间的)介子部分子分布,QCD演化后,与原先的结果相近(蓝江山等,Phys Rev Lett,2 019,122:172 001.),能够很好地描述费米国家实验室(FNAL)与欧洲核子中心(CERN)的实验数据。     

通过基矢光前量子化方法研究K介子

为研究K介子的性质,通过基矢光前量子化(BLFQ)方法获得K介子的光前波函数(LFWF)。使用的光前哈密顿量中包含了动能项、横向与纵向禁闭势以及夸克-胶子相互作用,其中横向禁闭势借鉴了光前全息量子色动力学(LFHQCD)模型的禁闭势。基矢空间包括领头阶与次领头阶的Fock空间。在前期工作的基础上,只引入了奇异夸克的质量作为唯一额外参数,使K>介子的质量与实验值相匹配。基于K介子领头阶Fock空间的LFWF,计算了K介子的部分子分布振幅(PDA),其结果与量子色动力学(QCD)微扰论在零夸克质量近似下计算的结果相近。本工作得到的K介子的电磁形状因子(FF)与欧洲核子中心(CERN)超级质子同步加速器 (SPS)以及费米国家加速器实验室(FNAL)的实验结果一致。从领头阶Fock空间的LFWF计算出的电磁半径与粒子物理数据表(PDG)的实验值相近。计算出的K介子部分子分布函数(PDF),QCD演化后,在实验能标下的K介子和$ \pi $介子中价夸克u的PDF之比与CERN-NA-003的实验数据在整体趋势上大体相符。此外,在计算出的K介子PDF中,价夸克携带的纵向动量之比,$ \langle x_{uv}\rangle/\langle x_{sv}\rangle $,约为$ 2/3 $,这个数值与Bethe-Salpeter equation(BSE)模型以及密西根州立大学格点QCD(MSULat)模型的计算结果相近。还计算了K介子的结构函数,发现与BLFQ考虑有效 Nambu–Jona-Lasinio相互作用(BLFQ-NJL)模型的结果有显著差别。K介子的结构函数有望在将来的电子离子对撞机(EIC)实验中得到观测与检验。     

二次量子化中单体和两体算符的一种启发式推导

二次量子化是研究生和高年级本科生量子力学课程中的重要内容.如何从一次量子化中的多粒子哈密顿量及波函数出发,自然地导出二次量子化中由产生和湮没算符表示的单体和两体算符,是一个既关键且又使初学者较难理解的步骤.以全同费米子系统为例,本文给出该步骤的一种自然且具有启发性的推导方法.该方法仅依赖于:多粒子波函数的对称性假设,Fock空间中“真空填充”的概念,以及全反对称多粒子波函数与Fock态的等价性.     

微扰QCD对Drell-Yan过程能量损失效应的修正

利用Glauber模型以及DGLAP方程下的核内核子的部分子分布函数, 在次领头阶QCD下计算了Drell-Yan过程中的能量损失效应, 计算表明QCD修正并不能改善理论结果与试验结果的符合, 尤其是p-W与p-Be以x₁为变量的微分截面比. 原因是所用的核内核子部分子的分布函数是以领头阶近似为基础并通过演化方程得到的. 于是利用在次领头阶微扰QCD下得到的核遮蔽效应核内核子的部分子分布函数重新计算了次领头阶QCD修正对Drell-Yan过程能量损失的贡献. 计算结果表明康普顿散射过程与湮没过程中应该有更多的能量损失.     

B→KK衰变中的软胶子修正

应用光维QCD求和规则研究了B→KK衰变的软胶子交换修正,虽然QCD因子化方法已经计算了领头阶的因子化和硬胶子交换的α_s阶辐射修正部分,然而系统地估算所有树图和企鹅图的非因子化软胶子贡献是有价值的,我们的结果表明在B→KK衰变中软胶子效应总是使分支比值减小,约为几个百分点.     

第六届周培源物理奖获奖成果介绍

获奖项目:重味、超对称和新物理现象获奖者:黄朝商(中国科学院理论物理研究所)黄朝商及其合作者在两个Higgs二重态模型(2HDM)和超对称模型里计算了B介子的稀有半轻子衰变的有效哈密顿量,给出了由于中性Higgs玻色子贡献所诱导的新的算符和对应的领头阶Wilson系数的演化,揭示了在     

QCD微扰理论和原子核(Ⅰ)强子的能级移动和质量差

讨论了禁闭情况下(在强子中)的QCD微扰,由层子—胶子相互作用导出了单胶子交换的等效位。在此基础上用MIT袋模型及高斯型波函数近似计算了强子的能级移动和质量差,并与半经典处理及实验结果相比。结果表明在强子中QCD微扰理论是可行的,半经典处理结果正是微扰计算的最低阶项,由此微扰理论给出了袋模型中处理相互作用的新途径。     

关于■→■π~0衰变过程研究

系统地计算 B0 → K0 π0 衰变过程的强子矩阵元 ,它包括领头阶因子化部分 ,αs 修正的硬胶子交换部分和软胶子交换部分 .其中软胶子交换部分 ,无论在量子色动力学 (QCD)因子化方法中 ,还是在微扰QCD中都不能进行计算 .用光锥QCD求和规则系统地计算了这部分贡献 ,并发现在该衰变道中软胶子交换部分与领头阶因子化部分以及αs 修正的硬胶子交换部分有相同的数量级 ,因此不能忽略 .最后计算了该衰变过程的分支比 ,计算结果与实验结果相一致     

关于衰变过程研究

系统地计算B-0→K-0π0衰变过程的强子矩阵元,它包括领头阶因子化部分,α.修正的硬胶子交换部分和软胶子交换部分.其中软胶子交换部分,无论在量子色动力学(QCD)因子化方法中,还是在微扰QCD中都不能进行计算.用光锥QCD求和规则系统地计算了这部分贡献,并发现在该衰变道中软胶子交换部分与领头阶因子化部分以及αs修正的硬胶子交换部分有相同的数量级,因此不能忽略.最后计算了该衰变过程的分支比,计算结果与实验结果相一致.     

关于B-0→K-0π0衰变过程研究

系统地计算B^0→K^0π^0衰变过程的强子矩阵元，它包括领头阶因子化部分，αs修正的硬胶子交换部分和软胶子交换部分．其中软胶子交换部分，无论在量子色动力学(QCD)因子化方法中，还是在微扰QCD中都不能进行计算．用光锥QCD求和规则系统地计算了这部分贡献．并发现在该衰变道中软胶子交换部分与领头阶因子化部分以及αs修正的硬胶子交换部分有相同的数量级，因此不能忽略．最后计算了该衰变过程的分支比，计算结果与实验结果相一致．     

QCD on the Light-Front

Light-front Hamiltonian theory, derived from the quantization of the QCD Lagrangian at fixed light-front time x ⁺ = x ⁰ + x ³, provides a rigorous frame-independent framework for solving nonperturbative QCD. The eigenvalues of the light-front QCD Hamiltonian H _LF predict the hadronic mass spectrum, and the corresponding eigensolutions provide the light-front wavefunctions which describe hadron structure, providing a direct connection to the QCD Lagrangian. In the semiclassical approximation the valence Fock-state wavefunctions of the light-front QCD Hamiltonian satisfy a single-variable relativistic equation of motion, analogous to the nonrelativistic radial Schrödinger equation, with an effective confining potential U which systematically incorporates the effects of higher quark and gluon Fock states. Remarkably, the potential U has a unique form of a harmonic oscillator potential if one requires that the chiral QCD action remains conformally invariant. A mass gap and the color confinement scale also arises when one extends the formalism of de Alfaro, Fubini and Furlan to light-front Hamiltonian theory. In the case of mesons, the valence Fock-state wavefunctions of H _LF for zero quark mass satisfy a single-variable relativistic equation of motion in the invariant variable \({\zeta^2=b^2_\perp x(1-x)}\) , which is conjugate to the invariant mass squared \({{M^2_{q\bar q}}}\) . The result is a nonperturbative relativistic light-front quantum mechanical wave equation which incorporates color confinement and other essential spectroscopic and dynamical features of hadron physics, including a massless pion for zero quark mass and linear Regge trajectories \({M^2(n, L, S) = 4\kappa^2( n+L +S/2)}\) with the same slope in the radial quantum number n and orbital angular momentum L. Only one mass parameter \({\kappa}\) appears. The corresponding light-front Dirac equation provides a dynamical and spectroscopic model of nucleons. The same light-front equations arise from the holographic mapping of the soft-wall model modification of AdS₅ space with a unique dilaton profile to QCD (3 + 1) at fixed light-front time. Light-front holography thus provides a precise relation between the bound-state amplitudes in the fifth dimension of AdS space and the boost-invariant light-front wavefunctions describing the internal structure of hadrons in physical space-time. We also discuss the implications of the underlying conformal template of QCD for renormalization scale-setting and the implications of light-front quantization for the value of the cosmological constant.     

The Pion Renormalized Light-Cone Wave Function

An approximate light-cone wave function for the pion effective quark-antiquark Fock sector corresponding to a small value of the renormalization group parameter is presented. The approximate wave function is motivated by the LF-holography and the quadratic confinement potential in the front form of Hamiltonian dynamics, which is in harmony with the linear confining potential in the instant form. The pion radius, decay constant and form-factor are also presented.     

A light-front coupled-cluster method for the nonperturbative solution of quantum field theories

We propose a new method for the nonperturbative solution of quantum field theories and illustrate its use in the context of a light-front analog to the Greenberg–Schweber model. The method is based on light-front quantization and uses the exponential-operator technique of the many-body coupled-cluster method. The formulation produces an effective Hamiltonian eigenvalue problem in the valence Fock sector of the system of interest, combined with nonlinear integral equations to be solved for the functions that define the effective Hamiltonian. The method avoids the Fock-space truncations usually used in nonperturbative light-front Hamiltonian methods and, therefore, does not suffer from the spectator dependence, Fock-sector dependence, and uncanceled divergences caused by such truncations.     

Vacuum structures in Hamiltonian light-front dynamics

Hamiltonian light-front dynamics of quantum fields may provide a useful approach to systematic nonperturbative approximations to quantum field theories. We investigate inequivalent Hilbert-space representations of the light-front field algebra in which the stability group of the light front is implemented by unitary transformations. The Hilbert space representation of states is generated by the operator algebra from the vacuum state. There is a large class of vacuum states besides the Fock vacuum which meet all the invariance requirements. The light-front Hamiltonian must annihilate the vacuum and have a positive spectrum. We exhibit relations of the Hamiltonian to the nontrivial vacuum structure.     

Higher-Twist Effect in Pion Parton Distribution

A higher-twist modified parton evolution equation is used to evolve the initial valence quark distributions in pions,which are derived based on light-front quantization via BLFQ collaboration.The results are consistent with the valence quark distributions of the E615 experiment,and the pion structure function of the H1 experiment.The structure function data highlight the necessity for a higher-twist modification in the small x region.Comparisons with some other models are also given.     

A model calculation of double parton distribution functions of the pion

Two-parton correlations in the pion are investigated in terms of double parton distribution functions. A Poincaré covariant light-front framework has been adopted. As non perturbative input, the pion wave function obtained within the so-called soft-wall AdS/QCD model has been used. Results show how novel dynamical information on the structure of the pion, not accessible through one-body quantities, are encoded in double parton distribution functions.     

AdS/QCD and Applications of Light-Front Holography

Light-front holography leads to a rigorous connection between hadronic amplitudes in a higher dimensional anti-de Sitter(AdS) space and frame-independent light-front wavefunctions of hadrons in(3 + 1)-dimensional physical space-time,thus providing a compelling physical interpretation of the AdS/CFT correspondence principle and AdS/QCD,a useful framework which describes the correspondence between theories in a modified AdS 5 background and confining field theories in physical space-time.To a first semiclassical approximation,where quantum loops and quark masses are not included,this approach leads to a single-variable light-front Schro¨dinger equation which determines the eigenspectrum and the light-front wavefunctions of hadrons for general spin and orbital angular momentum.The coordinate z in AdS space is uniquely identified with a Lorentz-invariant coordinate ζ which measures the separation of the constituents within a hadron at equal light-front time.The internal structure of hadrons is explicitly introduced and the angular momentum of the constituents plays a key role.We give an overview of the light-front holographic approach to strongly coupled QCD.In particular,we study the photon-to-meson transition form factors(TFFs) FMγ(Q 2) for γ→ M using light-front holographic methods.The results for the TFFs for the η and η ' mesons are also presented.Some novel features of QCD are discussed,including the consequences of confinement for quark and gluon condensates.A method for computing the hadronization of quark and gluon jets at the amplitude level is outlined.