冷冻过程中胞内溶液均相成核温度的确定

为了研究冷冻过程中胞内溶液均相成核温度下降值与平衡凝固点下降值的关系, 提出了一种求解变组元系统成核温度的方法, 并联合细胞脱水方程, 进行了数值求解. 研究发现, 甘油-氯化钠-水三元系统的均相成核温度下降与平衡凝固点下降存在如下的线性关系: ⊿Th=1.17⊿Tm, 表明水溶液均相成核温度与溶质有关.     

Boswellic acid captivated hydroxyapatite carboxymethyl cellulose composites for the enhancement of chondrocytes in cartilage repair

Recently tissue repairing bone grafted materials have been greater properties than the recapitulating intramembranous regeneration of natural bone especially cartilage damage regeneration. In this present work was designed and developed for the enhancement of chondrocyte generation for cartilage repair. Boswellic acid (BA) is a traditional compound used for the treatment of osteoarthritis. Boswellic acid subjected to involve the preparation of hydroxyapatite (HAP) and HAP-BA compounds were functionalized with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) to promote the extra-cellular matrix. HAP, HAP-BA and HAP-BA-CMC composites were characterized via their physicochemical properties through FTIR, XRD, SEM and TEM techniques. The antibacterial activity and chondrocyte cell variability were tested. At 14 days, HAP-BA-CMC composite was observed 67% of cell viability. The chondrocyte cell adhesion on the HAP-BA-CMC composite was investigated and it observed polygonal filopodia. From the results suggest that HAP-BA-CMC composite can improve the chondrocyte production for repair of damaged cartilage.     

三种络合剂对LaFeO3晶体形成的影响

稀土钙钛矿型复合氧化物LaFeo。由于其独特的晶体结构和优良的吸附性能,近年来在催化及气敏领域都显示出了较好的应用前景”,’‘．然而有关LaFe03的合成方法及形成过程的研究,特别是各种络合剂对LaFeo。形成的影响,目前文献报导尚不多．本文将采用直接硝酸盐分解法和加入络合剂的硝酸盐分解法,研究和比较柠檬酸、醋酸,EDTA三种络合剂对LaFe03晶相形成的影响．1实验部分1．五样品制备样品制备分别采用混合硝酸盐分解法和络合分解法,混合硝酸盐分解法是用分析纯试剂La（＊0。）。·6认O,似＊O小·9o0,按La：Fe＝1：1的比例配…     

稀释稳定剂对有机过氧化物热分解的压力效应

小型密闭压力试验;压力行为;稀释稳定剂对有机过氧化物热分解的压力效应     

甘油对冰晶生长抑制作用的分子动力学模拟

采用分子模拟方法研究了正交晶系冰晶(020)生长面在不同浓度甘油水溶液中的生长情况. 通过统计分析氢键数、 密度分布函数、 均方根偏差和原子间径向分布函数研究了水分子和甘油分子的动态行为. 结果表明, 甘油分子在水溶液中可与水分子形成大量氢键, 这使水分子间的氢键作用受到抑制, 降低了水分子的扩散性, 致使冰晶不易成核和生长; 另外, 一些甘油分子可代替水分子吸附在晶面上, 甚至占据晶格位点, 这种行为打破了冰晶的对称性并且降低了冰晶的生长速率. 因此, 甘油可同时在晶面和液相中抑制冰晶的生长.     

Inhibitory Effects of Polygoni Multiflori Caulis Extracts on Matrix Metalloproteinase Activities

Matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs) play an essential role in development and tissue remodeling of living organisms.However,the overexpression of MMPs has lead to a series of diseases,such as cancer,arthritis,and atherosclerosis;and inhibition of MMPs may have therapeutic benefits.The discovery of MMP inhibitors from herbal has become a prospective event.We showed that the extract of Polygoni multiflori caulis from ethy1 acetate or water(ethy1 acetate extract and water extract) can inhibit the activities of MMPs 9,14,and 16 in a dose-dependent manner and n-buty1 alcohol extract of it can also inhibit these MMPs.Furthermore,we found that n-buty1 alcohol extract and water extract of it influence the cell viability.These discoveries may contribute to the development of MMP inhibitors for the therapy of a variety of pathological conditions.     

Influence of the size and the morphology of ZnO nanoparticles on cell viability

Zinc oxide has attracted wide research interest due to its unique properties. Its band gap width, high refractive index, high electrical conductivity, and high optical transmission in the visible, etc., have made it suitable for a variety of applications, such as gas sensors, varistors, optoelectronic devices, etc. The first part of the paper presents three methods for the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles: sol–gel, polyol, and hydrothermal methods. Then, we report on the characteristics of the powders in terms of structure, composition and morphology as well as of in-vitro testing on cell cultures. The influence of the nanoparticles on cell viability was evaluated by the lactate dehydrogenase method. It turns out that all ZnO powders tested present high cytotoxicity. Also, it is found that the synthesis method significantly influences cell viability, the lowest one being obtained for nanopowders synthesized by the sol–gel method.     

Strategies to optimize two-dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis of the human joint proteome

Due to the complex structure of the articular joint, it requires great effort to fully understand joint disease pathogenesis. The proteomic analysis of articular joint tissues could contribute greatly to our insight into the endogenous control mechanisms of matrix turnover and the unravelling of the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the progression of the arthritides. To date, most proteome analysis strategies use the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) technique to separate proteins according to their isoelectric point, molecular mass, solubility and relative abundance. In this work, we describe optimization of human joint sample preparation techniques to obtain high quality 2-DE maps of human joint tissues (cartilage and synovium), cells (chondrocytes and synoviocytes) and synovial fluid. These techniques improve the performance of gel-based differential proteomic analysis, and facilitate the application of proteomics to rheumatology studies.     

Electrochemical detection of cell concentration based on reaction of DNA with molybdate

This article describes a fast and simple electrochemical assay for detecting cell concentration.After cell death,the membrane of cells will be broken,and DNA molecules contained in the cells will be released,but this does not happen in living cells.Sodium molybdate can react with the phosphate backbone of the released DNA molecules to form phosphomolybdate precipitation and produces a corresponding redox current.The higher the concentration of DNA,the stronger the intensity of the current generated.Sodium molybdate solution and centrifuged cell supernatant were added onto the glassy carbon electrode to determine the cell concentration by measuring the current intensity.The cell viability,which means the ratio of living cells to the total cells,can also be determined by this method.This assay has the advantages of high sensitivity,low detection limit,and wide detection range.In addition,this method was successfully applied to the detection of cell concentration in human serum,which has potential clinical applications.     

Carboxymethylchitosan/Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimer Nanoparticles in Central Nervous Systems‐Regenerative Medicine: Effects on Neuron/Glial Cell Viability and Internalization Efficiency

The applicability of CMCht/PAMAM dendrimer nanoparticles for CNS applications was investigated. AFM and TEM observations revealed that the nanoparticles possessed a nanosphere‐like shape with a size from 22.0 to 30.7 nm. The nanoparticles could be bound to fluorescent‐probe FITC for tracing purposes. Post‐natal hippocampal neurons and cortical glial cells were both able to internalize the FITC‐labeled CMCht/PAMAM dendrimer nanoparticles with high efficiency. The percentage of positive cells internalizing the nanoparticles varied, reaching a peak after 48 h of incubation. Further experiments for periods up to 7 d revealed that the periodical addition of FITC‐labelled CMCht/PAMAM dendrimer nanoparticles was needed to maintain the overall percentage of cells internalizing them. Finally, it was also observed that cell viability was not significantly affected by the incubation of dendrimer nanoparticles.

     

1H NMR研究溶质浓度对三碳多元醇水溶液氢键作用以及玻璃化的影响

为考察溶质浓度对三碳多元醇水溶液氢键作用以及不同物质玻璃态形成能力的影响,采用¹H NMR外标法研究不同浓度的1-丙醇（NPA）,2-丙醇（IPA）,1,2-丙二醇（PG）,1,3-丙二醇（PD）和丙三醇（glycerol）的水溶液在室温常压下质子化学位移.结果表明:具有CH₃CH（OH）一基团的PG烷基质子的化学位移变化趋势与其他几种醇相比有较大差异.醇羟基质子与水分子的氧形成较强O-H…O氢键.相同摩尔分数下,羟基数的增加导致水质子和羟基质子的化学位移降低,而且羟基位置不同也会导致水质子和羟基质子化学位移差异.这几种三碳多元醇碱性强弱的顺序和降低冰的均相成核温度能力的顺序一致,即glycerol>PG>PD>IPA>NPA,¹H NMR技术表明glycerol和PG更适合用作低温保护剂.     

温度对牛胶原聚集态的影响

本研究采用酶解法制备了牛胶原。分别用粘度法、紫外分光光度计、红外光谱和原子力显微镜分析方法,考察了不同温度下胶原的物理化学特性。实验结果表明:粘度法和紫外分光光度计测定的胶原溶液的变性温度约为38℃;红外光谱测定表明,随着温度的提高,胶原膜在1650cm-1的吸收峰减弱;原子力显微镜实验表明了在40℃时牛胶原分子由螺旋结构的长链断裂为小链段和一些小碎片,说明此方法制备的胶原在40℃以上其三股螺旋结构将被破坏。     

防火防爆剂效能的理论研究

多重保护是安全管理的一个原则，使用防火防爆剂是多重保护的一个方面。该文就纳米氧化物颗粒的防火防爆性能进行分析，计算了它们的沉降速度。以甲烷为例，研究了甲烷燃烧反应初始阶段的机理。并用HYPERCHEM6 计算机程序计算了15种氧化物对甲烷燃烧反应体系分子能量的影响，得出自由基与氧化物可能的结合方式，指出ZrO₂等氧化物能与自由基结合，从而阻碍了燃烧反应。作为防火防爆剂，氧化锆纳米气溶胶优于其他同类产品。因此，它将在安全管理方面发挥日益重要的作用。     

链转移剂对ST-AA-AM吸水剂吸水性能的影响

分别以抗坏血酸、甲酸、亚硫酸氢钠、异丙醇为链转移剂,研究了不同的链转移剂对淀粉―丙烯酸―丙烯酰胺(ST-AA-AM)吸水剂吸水性能的影响。实验结果表明:异丙醇、甲酸、亚硫酸氢钠、抗坏血酸用量分别为单体总质量的0.0375%、0.045%、0.075%、0.01%时,吸水率分别为498.1 g/g、347.9 g/g、549.0 g/g、407.7 g/g。将链转移剂进行复配,亚硫酸氢钠与异丙醇复配的效果最佳,当复合链转移剂用量占单体总质量的0.08%,异丙醇/亚硫酸氢钠(质量比)=1∶2时,吸水剂的吸水率最高,为653.5 g/g。     

Germaborenes: Borylene Transfer Agents for the Synthesis of Iminoboranes

Halide and phenyl substituted germaborenes were shown to react with azides at room temperature and transfer a borylene moiety to give iminoboranes. This iminoborane synthesis based on a borylene transfer route was investigated computationally in the case of the phenyl substituted germaborene.     

嵌段共聚偶联剂对玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯界面粘结的影响

合成了苯乙烯与丁二烯及含C==C硅烷的嵌段共聚偶联剂。采用该嵌段共聚物对玻璃纤维进行了表面处理,通过单丝临界长度法测定了玻璃纤堆增强聚丙烯的界面剪切强度。结果表明：采用嵌段共聚偶联剂对玻璃纤维进行处理,可以有效地改善玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯的界面粘结,其界面改性效果优于普通小分子偶联剂;嵌段共聚偶联剂的分子结构对界面粘结有影响,采用适当的嵌段长度,可获得较好的界面粘结;在基体树脂中加入功能化聚丙烯。可改善复合体系的界面粘结;基体树脂分子链较长或流动性好、粘度低,有利于基体与歼堆的的界面粘结。     

重氮树脂与牛血清白蛋白共价结合自组装膜及其表面细胞培养

细胞支架作为组织工程的组成部分为细胞生长提供了最佳微环境 ,并对细胞生长与功能进行控制 .由于细胞对支架表面的生物识别是细胞附着、生长和增殖的基本前提 ,所以对材料表面的功能化是一个重要的课题 [1,2 ] . Shoichet等 [3 ] 通过化学反应或等离子体处理的方法 ,将蛋白质引入到材料表面而使其功能化 .基片在两种带有相反电荷的聚电解质溶液中交替吸附 ,其表面形成致密有序的超薄自组装膜 ,这种层 -层自组装技术不仅制备方法简单 ,无需特殊的设备 ,而且对膜组成和厚度能随意调控 ,以水为介质 ,对环境友好 [4～ 6] ,无疑是一项重要的表…     

络合剂对制备TiO2薄膜的影响以及超亲水特征

采用溶胶-凝胶技术,以钛酸丁酯(Ti(OC4H9)4)为前驱体,加入乙酰丙酮(acac)和二乙醇胺(DEA)作为络合剂,在玻璃基片上制备了TiO2多孔薄膜。 通过SEM观察了多孔薄膜的表面形貌,探讨了样品在溶胶-凝胶及烧结过程中孔状结构的形成过程,并测量了薄膜的表面润湿性。 实验结果表明,单独以acac或DEA作为络合剂制备的涂膜十分致密和平坦,水接触角分别为20°和23°。 但以二者复合使用,由于低缩聚物迅速形成使溶液体系产生二相分离,随着二乙醇胺加入量的增加,两相完全分离所需的时间逐渐减少,在煅烧过程中溶剂挥发时,气体放出就出现了孔状结构,从而使表面具有更大的平均粗糙度。 多孔TiO2的涂膜在避光的条件下水接触角达6.5°。     

偶氮复合发泡剂对交联聚氯乙烯泡沫结构和性能的影响

采用异氰酸酯和环氧树脂作为交联剂,偶氮二异丁腈（AIBN）和偶氮二甲酰胺（AC）作为发泡剂制备了交联聚氯乙烯泡沫材料。 通过扫描电子显微镜分析了两种发泡剂的粒径、比例以及用量对泡孔结构的影响。 结果表明,AIBN的粒径对泡沫的泡孔结构影响不大,但其用量增加导致泡沫密度减小;AC的粒径对泡孔结构产生一定的影响,最优的粒径范围为8～20 μm,并且随着用量增加,泡孔尺寸变小,但对密度影响不大。 采用DSC研究了AIBN和AC在预混料中的分解情况,提出了两种发泡剂影响泡沫的泡孔结构的机理。 对泡沫材料力学性能的分析表明,泡沫的强度随密度的增加而增加,剪切变形则在60～80 kg/m3密度范围内出现最大值。     

低乙烯含量聚丙烯共聚物结晶成核剂研究

利用ＤＳＣ和偏光显微镜等手段研究了部分成核剂对聚丙烯均聚物（ＰＰ）、低乙烯含量聚丙烯共聚物及聚丙烯／聚乙烯（ＰＰ／ＰＥ）共混物结晶行为的影响，结果表明所用成核剂对ＰＰ和改性ＰＰ具有一定的普适性。聚丙烯共聚物中，由于链结构规整性变差，成核剂的作用显得特别突出，而ＰＰ／ＰＥ共混物中，由于成核剂向ＰＥ相迁移而使其对ＰＰ结晶的成核效率降低。