任意多连通截面扭转应力函数的有限元解法

杆件扭转问题的求解,主要有基于扭转理论翘曲函数的边界元法和有限元法、基于薄壁杆件理论的数值解法和基于扭转理论应力函数的有限元法．根据任意多连通截面直杆扭转问题的应力函数理论,讨论并改进了与微分方程及定解条件等效的泛函,在此基础上推导了求解多连通截面扭转应力函数的有限元列式,将扭转问题的翘曲位移单值条件转化为边界节点上的集中荷载．采用主从节点法满足孔洞边界上应力函数的同值条件,实现了任意多连通复杂截面扭转应力函数的有限元直接求解,通过应力函数积分获得截面的扭转常数．算例验证了方法的可行性和有效性．     

应力函数一般解的补充

本文指出平面问题极坐标形式应力函数一般解并不完备,不能处理曲杆受任意边界分布力的问题.为此,提出两个新的应力函数,将一般解作若干补充之后,能解曲杆r=a,b上受任意分布力的问题.这是包含区域边界几何参数的新的应力函数.     

动力应力函数张量

本文将弹性静力学中的应力函数张量概念直接推广到连续介质动力学问题中,给出了动力应力函数张量的一般表达式.其形式在一般曲线坐标下,可写成而在Descartes坐标系下为.     

引用复变量伪应力函数来解幂硬化材料平面应力问题

本文引用复变量伪应力函数将幂硬化材料平面应力问题的协调方程化为双调和方程,从而使此类有强化材料的弹塑性平面应力问题能像线弹性力学平面问题那样采用复变函数法进行求解.本文推导出了幂硬化材料平面应力问题的应力、应变及位移分量的复变函数表达式,可推广应用于满足全量理论的一股弹塑性平面应力问题.作为算例,文中给出了含圆孔幂硬化材料无限大板单向受拉问题的解答,并和有关文献用摄动法获得的同一问题的渐近解进行了比较.     

隧洞围岩应力复变函数分析法中的解析函数求解

利用复变函数理论进行地下任意开挖断面隧洞围岩应力分析的前提,是根据围岩应力边界条件方程推导出两个解析函数．从Harnack定理出发,将隧洞围岩应力边界条件方程转化成积分方程;把Laurent级数有限项表示的映射函数引入积分方程中,将以任意开挖断面为边界条件的解析函数求解转化成以单位圆周线为边界条件的求解问题．对积分方程中各被积函数在讨论域内的解析性进行了分析,在此基础上利用留数理论求解了方程中各项积分值,并获得了用来表示任意开挖断面隧道围岩应力的两个解析函数通式．给出了圆形和椭圆形隧道的两个解析函数求解算例,所获得的结果与文献中的结果一致．利用留数理论推导出的两个解析函数通式,适用于任意开挖断面隧洞的围岩应力解析解的计算,且计算过程更为简单,计算结果更为精确．     

半无限平面裂纹构型横向应力的Green函数

针对各向同性弹性无限大板中半无限裂纹,用解析函数方法求解了裂尖处横向应力的Green函数.加载情况为一任意集中力作用于任意一内点处.用叠加法求解了复势,它给出该平面问题的弹性解.通过渐近分析抽取复势的非奇异部分.基于该非奇异部分,用一种直接方法求解了横向应力的Green函数.进一步,用叠加法得到了一对对称和反对称集中力加载时的Green函数.然后,用得到的Green函数来预测铁电材料双悬臂梁试验中畴变引起的横向应力.用力电联合加载引起的横向应力来判断试验中所观察到的稳定和不稳定裂纹扩展行为.预测结果和试验数据基本吻合.     

满足断裂过程区裂纹张开位移条件应力函数的半解析解法

基于Duan-Nakagawa模型,采用加权积分法,提出了一种满足断裂过程区裂纹张开位移条件应力函数的半解析解法.该方法结合边界选点法,通过叠加含有相同裂纹长度但断裂过程区长度不同的解析函数,得到满足给定裂纹张开位移的权函数,再进行加权积分得到相应的应力函数和位移函数.以带板对称边裂纹I型问题为例,应用上述方法成功导出了特定的应力函数和位移函数,以及相应的拉应变软化曲线和断裂能.     

屈服条件由应力张量的二次齐次函数与一次齐次函数之和来表达的极限分析定理

本文建立了由应力张量σ_ij的二次齐次函数与一次齐次函数的和来表达其屈服条件的刚理想塑性体的极限分析变分原理,它可用于岩土力学的极限分析问题,并把屈服条件为应力张量σ_ij 的二次齐次函数或一次齐次函数来表达的情况作为其特例.     

用多复变量应力函数计算任意多连通弹性平面问题

本文应用弹性力学的复变函数理论,用多保角变换的方法,导出了任意多连通无限大弹性板的多复变量应力函数表达式。在边界上进行复Fourier级数展开,用待定系数法确定应力函数的未知系数,从而计算弹性板的应力场,以含有任意多个任意位置椭圆孔的无限板为例,编制了相应的多工况运行的FORTRAN77标准化程序,进行了考题和算例分析,给出了级数的收敛状况和孔边周向应力的分布图,结果表明本方法对处理多连通无限大弹性平面问题行之有效。     

等直蜂窝夹芯盒式矩形截面杆约束扭转应力和位移的解析解

用待定函数法建立等截面蜂窝夹芯盒式矩形截面直杆约束扭转微分方程并求得其通解．求得无量纲化的面板正应力、剪应力,芯材剪应力和横截面的翘曲位移．数值结果表明,面板正应力沿轴向衰减很快．距固定端20 h远处横截面的面板正应力仅为固定端处的百分之一．     

Rotationally Symmetric Stress and Strain in Shells of Revolution

In generalization of existing results of the linear theory of symmetrical bending and torsion of thin elastic shells of revolution and of the theory of pure bending and twisting of ring sector shells, this paper considers the differential equations of the theory of shells of revolution under the supposition of rotationally symmetric stress and strain, allowing for transverse shear deformation and for moments turning about the normals to the middle surface. In this way, making use of the simplified static-geometric analogy which is associated with the introduction of the two mentioned effects, known results are rederived in a new way and some new results are obtained, in particular for the dislocation-theory-type problems of pure bending and twisting.     

Modelling of the deformation processes and the localization of plastic deformations in the torsion–tension of solids of revolution

Generalized two-dimensional problems of the torsion of elastoplastic solids of revolution of arbitrary shape for large deformations under non-uniform stress-strain conditions are formulated and a method for their numerical solution is proposed. The use of this method to construct strain diagrams of materials based on experiments on the torsion of axisysmmetric samples of variable thickness until fracture occurs is described. Experimental and numerical investigations of processes of elastoplastic deformation, loss of stability and supercritical behaviour of solid cylindrical steel samples of variable thickness under conditions of monotonic kinematic loading with a torque, a tension and a combined load are presented. The mutual influence of torsion and tension on the deformation process and the limit states is estimated, and the universality (the independence of the form of the stress-strain state) of the “stress intensity – Odqvist parameter” diagram for steel for large deformations is proved.     

包含—受扭迴转轴的半空间的性质*

本文研究包含有一根部份嵌入的迴转轴的半空间的性质.不用知道一给定的嵌入的轴的扭转问题的精确解,这些性质能指出此半空间的位移或应力场的某些特点并且有时可以用来检查数值解.文中给出嵌入半空间的受扭的刚性圆柱的轴的表面上的正确的应力分布的检查的例子.     

Long-Term Strength Criteria for Some Polymer Materials under a Plane Stress State

The problem of the choice and experimental justification of long-term failure criteria for isotropic polymer materials in creep under a plane stress state is considered. The criteria are defined by a linear two-parameter interpolation relating two stress-tensor invariants which limit the interpolation range with respect to the conditions of viscous and brittle failure and take into account the signs of principal stresses. The base experiment for determining material constants includes standard tests on long-term strength in uniaxial tension and a test on long-term strength under a plane stress state. The failure criteria have been approved in constructing unified long-term strength diagrams for thin-walled tubular specimens made of rigid polyvinylchloride and high-density polyethylene under the action of internal pressure, pressure with axial tension, torsion, and axial tension with torsion.     

Large deformations of bodies of revolution made of elastic homogeneous and fiber-reinforced materials 1. Torsion of toroidal bodies

Equations of a mathematical model for bodies of revolution made of elastic homogeneous and fiber-reinforced materials and subjected to large deformations are presented. The volume content of reinforcing fibers is assumed low, and their interaction through the matrix is neglected. The axial lines of the fibers can lie both on surfaces of revolution whose symmetry axes coincide with the axis of the body of revolution and along trajectories directed outside the surfaces. The equations are obtained for the macroscopically axisymmetric problem statement where the parameters of macroscopic deformation of the body vary in its meridional planes, but are constant in the circumferential directions orthogonal to them. The equations also describe the torsion of bodies of revolution and their deformation behavior under the action of inertia forces in rotation around the symmetry axis. The results of a numerical investigation into the large deformations of toroidal bodies made of elastic homogeneous and unidirectionally reinforced materials under torsion caused by a relative rotation of their butt-end sections around the symmetry axis are presented.     

On the thermal stress state of transversally isotropic solids of revolution of finite dimensions

By solving the stationary thermoelastic problem for a transversally isotropic hyperboloid of revolution we conduct an analytic study of the thermal stress state of a finite solid of revolution with a meridional section of complicated shape and propose a way to solve the problem of the reliability of information obtained using the numerical methods developed and algorithms implemented on a computer. Translated fromTeoreticheskaya i Prikladnaya Mekhanika, No. 24, 1993, pp. 7–15.     

The Washer Method

<正>You've learned the disk method to use integral finding the volume of solid revolution.You'll learn how to use other method for finding the volume of a special type of solids of revolution.Solids of revolution are used commonly in industry.Sometimes,slicing a solid of revolution results in disks with holes in the middle.It's called washer method.The washer is formed by revolving a rectangle about an axis,as shown in Figure 1&2.