Synthesis and 13C nmr characterization of some π-excessive heteropolyaromatic compounds

Several π-excessive heteropolyaromatic compounds, which contain furan and thiophen ring and are possible antifungal agents, have been synthesized in good yields according to two general methods. The first method has been used to prepare compounds possessing thiophens linked by their 2- and 5-positions, such as the ter-aryls $\text{2b}$, $\text{2d}$ and $\text{2a}$. Two precursors of these compounds have been obtained either by the Glaser reaction, or using a novel Pd-mediated reaction. The second method,which consists of the Ni-or Pd-catalyzed heteroarylation of heteroarene halides via cross-coupling with heteroaryl Grignard reagents or zinc halides,has been used to prepare the bi-aryls $\text{1a-e}$, which contain two heteroaromatic units, and the ter-aryl $\text{2c}$. Compound $\text{1e}$ has been also prepared starting from 2-(2-thienyl) furan ($\text{1c}$) by selective lithiation, followed by bromination.The ¹³C NMR signals of $\text{1a-e}$ and $\text{2a-d}$ have been assigned on the basis of the literature data and by relaxation measurements. Relaxation data have been also used to obtain qualitative informations on the conformational equilibria of the bi-aryls $\text{1a}$, $\text{1c}$ and the ter-aryls $\text{2a-d}$.     

Biologically active quassinoids : synthetic methodology for the conversion of chaparrin into glaucarubolone esters and quassinoid analogs

Biologically inactive but easily available chaparrin $\text{2a}$ has been converted into potent antileukemic C-15 esters of glaucarubolone $\text{2b}$ and quassinoid analogs in which the C-15 ester side chain has been replaced by an alkyl or alkenyl group.The synthetic methodology developed has been applied to the preparation of C-15 ester derivatives $\text{15}$, $\text{16}$, $\text{17}$ and quassinoid analogs $\text{12}$, $\text{13}$ and $\text{14}$.     

The conversion of methylenomycin A to natural botryodiplodin and their absolute configurations

Natural (?)-botryodiplodin($\text{1}$) has been synthesized from an antibiotic methylenomycin A ($\text{2}$). The absolute configurations of (?)-botryodiplodin($\text{1}$ and methylenomycin A ($\text{2}$) have also been established as shown in $\text{1}$ and $\text{2}$ respectively.     

Condensed cyclic and bridged-ring systems : part 12: A novel synthetic route to 4-p-methoxyphenyl-bicyclo[ 2.2.2 ]octan-2-ones and some bicyclo [ 3.2.1 ] octane derivatives by acid-catalyzed intramolecula

The efficacy of a new acid-catalyzed intramolecular C-alkylation has been demonstrated by the synthesis of 1-methyl-4-$\text{p}$-methoxyphenylbicyclo [2.2.2] octan-2-one ($\text{5}$) and 4-$\text{p}$-methoxyphenylbicyclo [2.2.2] octan-2-one ($\text{6}$) from easily accessible starting materials. The carbinol $\text{20}$, derived from $\text{5}$, undergoes facile rearrangement leading to 1-$\text{p}$-methoxyphenyl-4-methyl bicyclo [3.2.1] oct-3-ene ($\text{22}$), which has been transformed to $\text{endo}$-1-$\text{p}$-methoxyphenyl-4-methylbicyclo [3.2.1] octan-3-one ($\text{25}$).     

Substituted cyclononatetraenes and nonafulvenes

Reaction of $\text{cis}$,$\text{cis}$,$\text{cis}$,$\text{cis}$-[9]annulene anion ($\text{1}$) with electrophiles ($\text{2a}$-$\text{d}$) leads to substituted $\text{cis}$,$\text{cis}$,$\text{cis}$,$\text{cis}$-1,3,5,7-cyclononatetraenes ($\text{3a}$-$\text{d}$) which are precursors for the preparation of 10- and 10,10′-donor-substituted nonafulvenes (e.g. $\text{7b′}$$\text{e′}$). The influence of solvent and temperature on the ¹H-nmr spectra of the nonafulvenes $\text{7b′}$-$\text{h′}$ has been investigated.     

Aristoserratenine and tasmanine: structures and absolute configurations

The structure of the Aristorelia alkaloid aristoserratenine ($\text{1}$) has been determined by spectroscopic means, and confirmed by rearrangement to aristoteline ($\text{2}$). The structure of tasmanine ($\text{3}$) has been confirmed similarly, and the configuration at the spiro carbon of each base has been determined by nOe experiments.     

3,4-Epoxyprecocenes: thermal and acid promoted dimerisation

Thermal dimerisation of 3,4-epoxyprecocene II ($\text{2b}$) in absence of solvents afforded high yields (65%) of tetrahydrofuran dimer $\text{4}$ and minor amounts of benzopyran-3-one $\text{3}$. On the other hand, two new dimers, γ-hydroxyketone $\text{5}$ and dioxane $\text{7a}$ have also been isolated from treatment of $\text{2b}$ with different acids. Structural elucidations for all these dimers have been carried out by spectroscopic and analytical methods, combined with the use of selected deuteriated precursors in the corresponding dimerisation procedures.     

Synthesis of detoxininolactone derivatives and the revised absolute stereochemistry of detoxinine

A stereospecific synthesis of acetyl-$\text{L}$-valyl-detoxininolactone has been performed and the absolute stereochemistry of detoxinine has been revised to (2$\text{S}$, 3$\text{R}$, 1′$\text{S}$)-2-(2′-carboxy-1′-hydroxyethyl)-3-hydroxypyrrolidine.     

The isolation and structures of euphoscopins a and b

Two new toxic substances, euphoscopins A and B, have been isolated from the plant $\text{Euphorbia}$$\text{helioscopia}$ L., and their absolute stereostructures also been elucidated on the basis of their spectral data coupled with an X-ray crystallographic analysis of the $\text{p}$-bromobenzoate readily obtained on treatment of euphoscopin A with $\text{p}$-bromobenzoyl chloride - pyridine. These antitumor substances belong to a group of jatrophone-type diterpenes.     

Synthesis,structure, and reactions of thiocarbonic acid derivatives new pentathiodipercarbonates, (RSS)2 CS, α,α,α-tris(disulfides), and the first α,α,α-tris(trisulfide)

Novel bis(perhaloalkyl) pentathiodipercarbonates $\text{5b-d}$ have been synthesized by reaction of sulfenyl chlorides with metal trithiocarbonates, and the heptathio analog $\text{21a}$ was prepared similarly. Lenthionine $\text{19}$ is the main product when diiodomethane is treated with sodium tetrathiopercarbonate. A rearrangement of bis(alkyldithio)chloromethanesulfenyl chlorides $\text{22}$ to alkyldithio) (alkyltrithio)dichloromethanes $\text{24}$ has been observed. Additions of sulfenyl chlorides and of thiosulfenyl chlorides to the thiocarbonyl compounds $\text{5}$ and $\text{21a}$ were achieved in acetonitrile. The structures of the first crystalline pentathiodipercarbonate $\text{5a}$ and α,α,α-tris(disulfide) $\text{29a}$, and of the first reported α,α,α-tris(trisulfide)$\text{31a}$ have been determined by X-ray crystallography.     

Biomimetic synthesis of bacterial c50 carotenoids decaprenoxanthin and c.p. 450

Alkylation of the distal double bond of pseudoionone $\text{4}$ has been carried out with isoprene epoxide (ZnCl₂ /MeNO₂ ) leading directly to α-$\text{cis 10 a}$, α-$\text{trans}$$\text{10b}$ and γ $\text{10c}$ hydroxyprenylionones. The α-$\text{cis}$ and γ-isomers have been converted in few steps into the C₅₀ carotenoids decaprenoxanthin $\text{1}$ and C.p. 450 $\text{3}$ respectively.     

Synthetic studies in the quassinoid series. Conversion of chaparrin into castelanone and quassinoid analogs.

Inactive chaparrin $\text{1}$ has been converted in seven steps and in 16% overall yield to castelanone $\text{3}$ which is known to inhibit significantly growth of the murine lymphocytic leukemia P-388 cell line. The methodology developed has been applied to the preparation of quassinoid analogs $\text{15}$, $\text{16}$ and $\text{17}$.     

Synthesis and conformational behaviour of tetra-anthranilides

The tetra-anthranilide derivatives ($\text{5}$)–($\text{7}$) have been synthesised. X-Ray crystallography shows that $\text{N}$,$\text{N}$′,$\text{N}$″-trimethyltetra-anthranilide ($\text{5}$) adopts a conformation with three $\text{trans}$ - and one $\text{cis}$-amide linkages in the solid state. Dynamic ¹H n.m.r. spectroscopy indicates that $\text{N}$-benzyl-$\text{N}$′,$\text{N}$″,$\text{N}$′″-trimethyltetra-anthranilide ($\text{7}$) exists as an interconverting ternary mixture of chiral non-planar conformational diastereoisomers in solution.     

The vinylketene acetal route to aklavinone and 11-deoxydaunomycinone

11-Deoxyanthracyclinone precursors $\text{6a}$ and $\text{6b}$ have been prepared regiospecifically by the reaction of bromojuglone methyl ethers $\text{4a}$ and $\text{4b}$ with vinylketene acetal $\text{5}$, prepared from the Hagemann's ester ketal $\text{7a}$.     

Unusual macrocyclic pyrrolizidine alkaloids from Parsonsia heterophylla A. Cunn and Parsonsia spiralis wall. (apocynaceae)

A series of 14-membered ring macrocyclic pyrrolizidine alkaloids have been isolated from $\text{Parsonsia}$$\text{heterophylla}$ and $\text{Parsonsia}$$\text{spiralis}$.     

The reaction of 2-azaallenium salts with carbodiimides and tert-butyl isocyanide

2-Azaallenium salts $\text{1}$ react with diisopropyl carbodiimide to afford the formal dihydro-1,3-diazetium salts $\text{5}$. The structure of $\text{5c}$ has been confirmed by an X-ray diffraction analysis. With the carbodiimide $\text{2e}$ the tetraphenyl-2-azaallenium salt $\text{1a}$ reacts to give the guanidinium compound $\text{6}$.The diazetium salts $\text{5}$ react with further carbodiimide to afford the formal 2-azaallenium salts $\text{11}$. With tert-butyl isocyanide the 2-azaallenium salts $\text{1}$ undergo an Ugi reaction to yield the nitriles $\text{14}$.     

Structure of laurycolactone A and B,new C18 - quassinoids from Eurycoma longifolia and revised structured of Eurycomalactone (X - ray analysis)

Laurycolactone A $\text{2}$ and B $\text{3}$ are new quassinoids with a C₁₈ basic skeleton isolated from the Vietnamese Simaroubaceae, Eurycoma longifolia Jack. The structure of Eurycomalactone, a C₁₉ quassinoid isolated previously from the same plant, has been revised and shown to be $\text{4}$. The structures have been established by spectral means and those of $\text{2}$ and $\text{4}$ confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis.     

Synthesis and molecular structure of a tetra-t-butylethylene derivative obtained from a propellanic carbenoid.

The carbonic dimers of some tricyclic cyclopropylidenoids have been isolated. The X-ray structure of one ($\text{12}$) has been determined. These are derivatives of tetra-$\text{t}$-butylethylene ($\text{1}$).     

Dithiosalicylides and trithiosalicylides. Their conformational behaviour in solution

The trithiosalicylide derivatives ($\text{11}$) - ($\text{14}$) have been synthesised and shown to exist in solution as ring inverting ($\text{15}$?$\text{15}$^*) enantiomeric helical conformations.     

Synthesis and conformational behaviour of tri-3-methyltrianthranilides. A new example of spontaneous resolution and inclusion compound formation on crystallisation

The tri-3-methyltrianthranilide derivatives ($\text{7}$)–($\text{9}$) have been synthesised. Dynamic ¹H n.m.r. spectroscopy indicates that the $\text{N}$,$\text{N}$′,$\text{N}$″-trimethyl derivative ($\text{8}$) exists in solution as slowly ring inverting ($\text{16}$ ? $\text{16}$*) enantiomeric helical conformations. X-Ray crystallography shows that the $\text{N}$,$\text{N}$′-dimethyl-$\text{N}$″-benzyl derivative ($\text{9}$) undergoes spontaneous resolution when it crystallises as a 1:1 adduct from toluene. The host molecules adopt a helical conformation (Figure 1) within a lattice structure that contains chiral channels (Figure 2) occupied by guest solvent molecules.