Chatham合成钻石紫外阴极发光谱

用自制的阴极发光分析仪在JCXA-733电子探针上分析两批美国Chatham公司合成钻石的微区紫外-可见阴极荧光,结果表明Chatham合成钻石具有峰波长为234,268 nm等的紫外阴极荧光谱。不同批次的Chatham钻石的紫外阴极荧光谱特征也有所不同。这些紫外阴极发光谱在天然钻石和人工处理后的天然钻石中都没有发现,可能是Chatham合成钻石的特征谱,因而可能具有一定鉴定价值。经进一步完善后,紫外阴极荧光谱技术有望成为鉴别天然和合成钻石、不同公司合成钻石或同一公司不同批次合成钻石的有效方法。     

用LiF／Al作阴极的高效率有机发光器件

用ＬｉＦ／Ａｌ作阴极的高效率有机发光器件＊赵伟明刘祖刚唐春玖蒋雪茵张志林许少鸿（上海大学材料科学与工程学院，上海２０１８００）Ａｌ电极是非常好的接触材料，但是Ａｌ的高功函数（４．３ｅＶ）阻碍了它在有机发光二极管（ＬＥＤ）中的应用。近来，有报道在Ａｌ电...     

红外光谱技术在翡翠鉴定中的应用

在翡翠贸易中,鉴定天然翡翠和处理翡翠是一个非常重要的问题。传统的翡翠鉴定方法,主要依赖于折射仪、宝石显微镜、滤色镜和分光镜进行检测,而所有这些方法对于鉴定处理翡翠。这种方法不仅可以鉴定未镶嵌的翡翠,而且还可以鉴定镶嵌翡翠和一些大型的翡翠饷品,如手镯、挂件和串珠等。     

用阴极发光显微术研究YAG:Nd~(3+)晶体中的缺陷

采用扫描电子显微镜中的阴极发光显微术获得了YAG:Nd~(3+)激光晶体中不同缺陷所形成的显微发光图象。据此进一步分析了这些缺陷的形成机制及其对材料性能的影响。     

发光在农业中的应用

本文详细地介绍了发光、光转换、荧光分析和光磁互促等物理技术在农业生产中的应用和效果．１９８３—１９８８年间．“长白人参”增产总量达400万公斤，创经济效益２．8 亿元．光磁技术在吉林省推广８８万亩，共增产粮食９００万公斤，蔬菜３００万公斤，创收达８００万元之多．黄淮海平原和京津地区的应用，正在统计之中．“光助素”增产技术属于首次提出，并处于领先地位．     

拉曼光谱在危地马拉翡翠矿物组成中的应用研究

危地马拉是缅甸之外的另一个翡翠的商业性产地,危地马拉翡翠通常是多种矿物成分的集合体,其矿物组成具有特色,与缅甸翡翠的不同。以危地马拉紫色和灰绿色翡翠为研究对象,通过激光拉曼光谱测试分析,对其结构特征及共生矿物组成特点进行了研究。结果表明,危地马拉翡翠中的主要组成矿物为硬玉,并伴有多种共生矿物。危地马拉翡翠的共生矿物包括五类,其中深色共生矿物为角闪石,白云石,绿辉石和绿泥石,浅色共生矿物为磷灰石。其中角闪石,白云石,绿辉石和绿泥石也是缅甸翡翠中常见的共生矿物,而磷灰石在缅甸翡翠中几乎不可见。     

拉曼光谱(785 nm)在翡翠检测中的应用

翡翠是一种名贵玉石,被誉为“玉石之冠”。随着翡翠处理技术的不断提高和处理翡翠的流入市场,给翡翠的检测带来了极大的困难。作者研究工作使用的拉曼光谱仪(785 nm)秉承了以往测试所用拉曼光谱仪(514 nm)无损、快速、准确的特点,还具有荧光弱的优点。通过大量翡翠样品的测定,证实拉曼光谱仪(785 nm)是一种有效检测翡翠是否是天然产的仪器,通过测试结果分析得出：天然绿色翡翠荧光极强,其取决于翡翠晶格中Cr3+的含量,其他颜色翡翠显示硬玉的特征拉曼移位1 045,698,373 cm-1。染色翡翠绿色部位拉曼信号弱,所需积分时间长,拉曼位移高频区产生多个拉曼峰,有时可见有机拉曼峰;荧光现象明显及拉曼峰的湮没,说明翡翠经有机物充填和酸处理致表层晶体结构破坏。     

R-3000便携式拉曼光谱仪在翡翠鉴定中的应用

使用R-3000便携式拉曼光谱仪,对缅甸原料、腾冲工艺的3个翡翠饰件和一个昆明古玩城所购翡翠挂件进行了无损鉴定。通过对检测样品拉曼光谱的比较研究,得出了有2个样品是由天然翡翠原料所制成;有一个样品含石蜡填充物;而有一个样品与天然翡翠无关,而是由石英岩（SiO2）为主要材料制成的,是假翡翠的结论。说明了R-3000便携式拉曼光谱仪,在玉石翡翠检测鉴定中是十分方便、快捷、准确的。     

阴极射线发光分析方法及其在新材料研究中的应用

阴极射线发光分析方法是研究材料的结构和能态的重要手段。近年来,这种分析方法的灵敏度和功能等都获得很大改善,特别是在扫描电镜中,将阴极射线发光、二次电子、背散射电子和Ｘ射线特征谱等结合起来形成的综合测量方法,成为研究材料结构和微区性质的有力工具。文章介绍阴极射线发光分析方法的基本原理及其在ＧａＮ,ＳｉＣ,ＺｎＯ和量子线等新材料研究中的应用实例。     

红外光谱在仿古玉石鉴定中的应用

采用常规宝石学研究方法和红外吸收光谱技术,对市场上常见的仿古玉石进行了研究。红外吸收光谱测试结果表明:市场上常见的仿古玉石,主要为软玉(和田玉)、岫玉和石英质玉石组成。不同种类的仿古玉石,其红外吸收光谱特征存在着明显的差异:软玉在996、463cm-1附近;岫玉在1047、471cm-1附近,并在3665cm-1附近有明显的水的吸收峰;石英质玉石在1106、481cm-1附近。通过红外吸收光谱的测定和分析,可以准确鉴定仿古玉石的玉石品种。     

Determination of Copper and Aluminium in Steel by Means of Hollow Cathode and Glow Discharge Light Sources: A Comparative Study

Abstract

The applicability of hollow cathode and glow discharge light sources to the determination of minor constituents in steel was tested in the case of copper (0.033 ? 0.34[wt]%) and aluminium (0.015 ? 0. 16%). The linearity of the calibration graphs, reflected by the Bravais-Pearson coefficient, was found to be slightly improved in all the cases investigated when operating with hollow cathode. Furthermore, results showed that blackening values of the analytical lines can be plotted directly without resorting to reference lines.     

A Modified Version of the Grimm's Glow Discharge Lamp for Use as a Demountable Hollow Cathode Emission Source. V. Determination of Minor Constitutents and Trace Elements in Steel

The applicability of the modified hollow cathode emission source to the determination of some elements usually contained in steel was tested in the case of chromium (0.144 – 3.07%), copper (0.090 – 0.49%), manganese (0.016 – 1.42%), molybdenum (0.007 – 1.41%), nickel (0.048 – 5.15%, silicon (0.013 – 0.81%), and vanadium (0.034 – 0.64%). The linearity of the calibration curves was found to be highly satisfactory, the Bravais - Pearson correlation coefficient ranging from 0.97 to 0.99. Moreover, results showed that background intensity is negligible and that blackening values can be plotted without resorting to internal standards or other preliminary corrections.     

翡翠B货的拉曼光谱鉴别

与传统宝石鉴定相比 ,拉曼光谱在漂白或注胶翡翠 (B货翡翠 )的鉴别中是一种快速、无损、微区分析方法 ,特别对于宝石中的包体和填充物尤其有效[1 ] 。翡翠中经常充填各种油、蜡、胶 (如石蜡、石蜡油、AB胶、环氧树脂等 )来增强其透明度[2 ] ,由于它们化学成分、化学结构的不同 ,在拉曼光谱中显示不同的峰位特征。环氧树脂的特征峰主要属于苯环的 :1 60 9和 1 1 1 6cm- 1 两个C—C伸缩振动 ,3 0 69cm- 1 C—H的伸缩振动以及 1 1 89cm- 1 C—H的面内弯曲振动 ,而用于翡翠抛光处理的石蜡不具有苯环的特征峰 ,据此可作为鉴别B货翡翠的依据。     

Comparative Investigations on the Reproducibility of the Hollow Cathode,Glow Discharge and Spark Light Sources

A comparison between the constancy and reproducibility of the hollow cathode, glow discharge and spark light sources was carried out. Samples of pure copper as well as of commercial brass and steel were investigated. Results show that the hollow cathode produces a better reproducibility of the measurements in all the cases examined.     

A Modified Version of the Grimm's Glow Discharge Lamp for Use as a Demountable Hollow Cathode Emission Source. II. The Current Intensity-Voltage Characteristic Curves

The dependence of resulting voltage on applied current intensity in a modified commercially available hollow cathode lamp is determined in the case of aluminium, copper and graphite cathodic materials in an extended range of argon carrier gas pressures and for five different cathode - anode distances. Experimental results show that the modified emission source affords high stability discharge in a wide range of experimental parameters.     

Luminescence of ZnO nanopowders

The luminescence of ZnO nanocrystals prepared by different methods was studied under pulsed electron beam excitation. It is shown that the luminescence intensity depends on the nanocrystal sintering conditions and does not depend on the nanocrystal size within the range 10–50 nm. The relative luminescence intensities for the 3.32 eV (free exciton) and 3.20 eV (bound exciton) bands showed a dependence on nanocrystal size. The role of the nanocrystal surface in excitonic luminescence is discussed.     

A Modified Version of the Grimm's Glow Discharge Lamp for Use as a Demountable Hollow Cathode Emission Source. III. Blackening as a Function of Discharge Parameters

Abstract

The influence of anode distance from hollow cathode on the blackening? of spectral lines excited by means of the modified Grimm's lamp was investigated for three representative cathodic materials, i.e. aluminium, copper and graphite using argon as the carrier gas. On the basis of the experimental results as well as voltage-current characteristic curves at distances of 7, 15, 20, 25 and 33 mm, it was possible to conclude that the optimal sets of discharge parameters for all the materials investigated are based on an electrode distance of 20-25 mm. In the case of copper a distance of 33 mm was also found to be highly suitable. An increase in the emission of copper lines at the largest anodic length with increasing pressure of the noble gas was also observed, in contrast with the behavior of the same element at shorter distances. A tentative interpretation of the phenomenon is given.     

邻苯二甲酸铕锶络合物体系荧光的增强

稀土荧光络合物研究中借用无机械土掺杂的办法也可以实现以络合物为基质的低浓度的稀土发光。邻苯二甲酸铕锶络合物的发光就属于此类。实验结果表明,采用其他金属离子,如锰等共掺杂的办法可以使邻苯二甲酸铕锶络合物体系的荧光得到进一步增强,这是由于其他金属离子对稀土离子有能量传递效应,起敏化作用而使荧光增强。或者加入第二种配体也可以使荧光增强。共掺杂络合物的红外光谱中羧基的对称,反对称伸缩振动及ＣＣ骨架振动均发