低共熔液相微萃取-高效液相色谱法测定食用油中双酚AEI北大核心CSCD

建立了一种基于低共熔溶剂(DESs)的液液微萃取-高效液相色谱联用(LLME-HPLC)技术用于测定食用油中的双酚A(BPA)的方法,对比了3种DES和甲醇、乙二醇对食用油中BPA的萃取效率,研究了温度、萃取时间和萃取剂体积对萃取效率的影响。结果表明:氯化胆碱/乙二醇组成的DES萃取率最高;低共熔溶剂用量100μL,萃取温度25℃,萃取时间5 min时,萃取效率最高。BPA的检测限和定量限分别为0.10 mg/L和0.50 mg/L,加标回收率在86.3%~109.9%范围内,RSD小于6%。方法可用于食用油中BPA的检测。     

Application of phosphonium deep eutectic solvents as extractants in ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for preconcentration of trace amounts of herbicides in drainage ditches waters

In this study, an efficient preconcentration method was presented that is based on dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction taking the advantage of newly synthesized phosphonium deep eutectic solvents used as extractants and ultrasound probe as a dispersing agent. The extracts obtained were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. To optimize the five most important factors for the microextraction procedure a central composite design plan was used. Under optimal conditions (140 μl of extractant, 60 mg of NaCl, pH = 2.0, 120 s of extraction time with ultrasound probe as the dispersing agent, 16 min of centrifugation for phase separation), the proposed method allowed to achieve good precision with RSD between 3.2% and 9.7% at 1.0, 5.0 and 40.0 ng ml levels. The preconcentration factors were equal to 42, 39, and 41, and the limits of detection 0.128, 0.103, and 0.135 ng/ml for dicamba, 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, and 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxypropionic acid, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of chlorophenoxy acid herbicides in water samples from drainage ditches with a good recovery in the range of 70%–93%.     

深共融溶剂在有机合成中的应用

深共融溶剂是一种新型绿色溶剂,与传统的有机溶剂相比,其具有低蒸气压、 不易燃、 稳定性好、 无毒性、 生物降解性、 可回收和廉价易得等优点。深共融溶剂作为新型溶剂,应用前景广泛。本文综述了近几年其作为新型的反应介质或催化剂用于传统的有机合成反应的最新研究成果,主要从卤代反应、Diels-Alder反应、Knoevenagel缩合、Henry反应、Perkin反应、Paal-Knorr反应和Biginelli反应等方面对其进行综述,最后展望了深共融溶剂在有机反应中的发展前景。     

Biocatalysis and Biomass Conversion in Alternative Reaction Media

In this Minireview, the state of the art in the use of ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as alternative reaction media for biocatalytic processes and biomass conversion is presented. Initial, proof‐of‐concept studies, more than a decade ago, involved first‐generation ILs based on dialkylimidazolium cations and non‐coordinating anions, such as tetrafluoroborate and hexafluorophosphate. More recently, emphasis has switched to more environmentally acceptable second‐generation ILs comprising cations, which are designed to be compatible with enzymes and, in many cases are derived from readily available, renewable resources, such as cholinium salts. Protic ionic liquids (PILs), prepared simply by mixing inexpensive amines and acids, are particularly attractive from both an environmental and economic viewpoint. DESs, prepared by mixing inexpensive salts with, preferably renewable, hydrogen‐bond donors such as glycerol and amino acids, have also proved suitable reaction media for biocatalytic conversions. A broad range of enzymes can be used in ILs, PILs and DESs, for example lipases in biodiesel production. These neoteric solvents are of particular interest, however, as reaction media for biocatalytic conversions of substrates that have limited solubility in common organic solvents, such as carbohydrates, nucleosides, steroids and polysaccharides. This has culminated in the recent focus of attention on their use as (co)solvents in the pretreatment and saccharification of lignocellulose as the initial steps in the conversion of second‐generation renewable biomass into biofuels and chemicals. They can similarly be used as reaction media in subsequent conversions of hexoses and pentoses into platform chemicals.     

分散液液微萃取技术及其在生物样品分析中的研究进展

分散液液微萃取是一种新型微萃取技术,具有易操作、低成本、耗时短、环境友好、萃取效率高等优点。该文着眼于分散液液微萃取技术中萃取剂的性质及辅助分散方式,综述了常规分散液液微萃取、离子液体分散液液微萃取、超声辅助分散液液微萃取等多种萃取模式,并重点归纳总结了近5年分散液液微萃取技术在生物样品分析领域的应用进展。