Resistance law for taylor-couette turbulent flow at very high reynolds numbers

New expressions for the resistance law and dimensionless moment of force are derived for a Taylor-Couette turbulent flow starting from the generalized model of local balance for the turbulent energy. In the case of extremely high Reynolds numbers, the formulas derived involve a single empirical (Karman) constant.     

Reduction of interference fringes in absorption imaging of cold atom cloud using eigenface method

Eigenface method used in face recognition is introduced to reduce the pattern of interference fringes appearing in the absorption image of cold rubidium atom cloud trapped by an atom chip. The standard method for processing the absorption image is proposed, and the origin of the interference fringes is analyzed. Compared with the standard processing method which uses only one reference image, we take advantage of fifty reference images and reconstruct a new reference image which is more similar to the absorption image than all of the fifty original reference images. Then obvious reduction of interference fringes can be obtained.     

原子中电子的四个量子数

较详细地阐述了原子中电子的4个量子数的来源,简要介绍了原子的电子壳层结构和泡利不相容原理.     

Fragmented metastable states exist in an attractive bose-einstein condensate for atom numbers well above the critical number of the Gross-Pitaevskii theory

It is well known that attractive condensates do not posses a stable ground state in three dimensions. The widely used Gross-Pitaevskii theory predicts the existence of metastable states up to some critical number N(cr)(GP) of atoms. It is demonstrated here that fragmented metastable states exist for atom numbers well above N(cr)(GP). The fragments are strongly overlapping in space. The results are obtained and analyzed analytically as well as numerically. The implications are discussed.     

High speed imaging for material parameters calibration at high strain rate

To describe the material behaviour at high strain rates dynamic experimental tests are necessary, and appropriate constitutive models are to be calibrated accordingly. A way to achieve this is through an inverse procedure, based on the minimization of an error function calculated as the difference between experimental and numerical data coming from Finite Element analysis. This approach, widely used in the literature, has a heavy computational cost associated with the minimization process that requires, for each variation of the material model parameters, the execution of FE calculations. In this work, a faster but yet effective calibration procedure is studied Experimental tests were performed on an aluminium alloy AA6061-T6, by means of a direct tension-compression Split Hopkinson bar. A fast camera with a resolution of 192 × 128 pixels and capable of a sample rate of 100,000?fps captured images of the deformation process undergone by the samples during the tests. The profile of the sample obtained after the image binarization and processing, was postprocessed to derive the deformation history; afterwards it was possible to calculate the true stress and strain, and carry out the inverse calibration by analytical computations. The results of this method were compared with the ones coming from the Finite Element approach.     

Distribution of particles and bubbles in turbulence at a small Stokes number

The inertia of particles driven by the turbulent flow of the surrounding fluid makes them prefer certain regions of the flow. The heavy particles lag behind the flow and tend to accumulate in the regions with less vorticity, while the light particles do the opposite. As a result of the long-time evolution, the particles distribute over a multifractal attractor in space. We consider this distribution using our recent results on the steady states of chaotic dynamics. We describe the preferential concentration analytically and derive the correlation functions of density and the fractal dimensions of the attractor. The results are obtained for real turbulence and are testable experimentally.     

Vibration-rotation absorption spectra of HCL and HBr at very high foreign gas densities

An optical cell designed for pressures up to 8–10 kbar, in the temperature range from 77 to 400 K, has been built to study pressure and temperature effects on the vibration-rotation spectra of gaseous HC1 and HBr perturbed by foreign gases at very high densities.     

基于波数均匀展宽模型的全反射傅里叶变换成像光谱仪高精度光谱定标处理方法

全反射傅里叶变换成像光谱仪ARFTIS(all-reflection Fourier transform imaging spectrometer)是基于FT成像光谱理论的一种新型仪器,它不但具有高光谱分辨率特点,而且还具有宽波段、无色差的特点,特别适合应用在宽波段成像的遥感领域.目前常用的光谱定标方法有单色法、平均法...     

Laser intensity fluctuations when the photon number at threshold is small

Previous calculations of laser threshold statistics have described the radiation field with a Fokker-Planck equation that embodies the approximation that the photon number at threshold is large. Here, the magnitude and correlation time of intensity fluctuations are calculated directly from the Scully-Lamb equation of motion for the reduced density matrix of a single-mode laser. This model does not embody a restriction to large photon number at threshold. We delineate the regime in which the threshold photon number is sufficiently small to produce measurable differences from the results of the usual Fokker-Planck analysis.     

粒子数光场中原子纠缠的演化特性

两个初始时纠缠的原子(原子1、2)之一(原子2)和另一分离原子(原子3)在单模腔中与粒子数场发生相互作用,研究了这一系统中原子纠缠的演化特性.利用部分转置矩阵负本征值的方法,得出了纠缠度与初始时原子的状态、粒子数光场中光子数目、原子与腔场偶极相互作用的耦合常数、原子间偶极-偶极相互作用强度等的大小有很强的关系.     

Measurement of np elastic scattering at high energies and very small momentum transfers

The np elastic differential cross section has been measured for incident neutron momenta 100–400 GeV/c in the |t| range 6 · 10^?6 ? 5 · 10^?1 (GeV/c)². The np data of this experiment provide a first direct measurement of the hadronic amplitude for |t| < 10^?2 (GeV/c)², which is consistent with the extrapolations from higher |t| values. Our data for |t| < 10^?4 (GeV/c)² are consistent with a rise which can be attributed to Schwinger scattering, caused by the interaction of the neutron magnetic moment with the proton.     

Parameter optimization and calibration of 19F magnetic resonance imaging at 1.5 Tesla

Fluorine-19 magnetic resonance imaging is limited by the fact that acquisition times are long and that high concentrations must be used in order to obtain good signal to noise. A significant improvement in signal to noise ratio may be brought about by the addition of Gd-DTPA, a paramagnetic agent which shortens T1. Images of phantoms containing trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) doped with Gd-DTPA were obtained using a standard spin echo sequence in a 1.5 T field. Interpulse times (TR and TE) and Gd-DTPA concentrations were optimized to yield maximum signal to noise ratios. The use of fast-field-echo scans to image fluorine is also demonstrated. Signal averaging successive FFE scans yields good signal to noise and resolution and may find clinical applicability in imaging areas subject to motion.     

Atom incorporation at edge defects in clusters

Theoretical estimates indicate that atoms originally deposited on top of a surface cluster have a significantly lower energy barrier to incorporation at edge defects compared to attachment at straight steps of sizable clusters. We have carried out the first test of these findings, by field ion microscopic observations of the behavior of Ir atoms on Ir(111) clusters with and without defects in the edges. The clusters Ir18, Ir19, Ir20, Ir55, and Ir63 have been examined. Our observations suggest that defects do not provide especially low energy paths for incorporation, which generally occur in straight steps.     

Low-frequency stimulated emission and induced absorption in a three-level atom

Investigations of the motion of conventional negative ions (electron bubbles) in He II under pressures above 11 bar have provided the only means of measuring the Landau critical velocity for roton creation,v _L, and for studying supercritical dissipation at higher velocities. Earlier work on roton creation is reviewed and it is pointed out that there is still no generally agreed explanation of the fact that the rotons seem to be emitted from the moving ionin pairs; nor is it known why the matrix element characterising the pair emission process should decrease rapidly with pressure. The possibility of studying these phenomena through use either of the fast ion (whose nature remains unknown), or of selected ions from the large variety of species that can be injected into He II by the recently developed technique of laser ablation, is discussed.     

Low-frequency stimulated emission and induced absorption in a three-level atom

We consider the excitation spectra of a bichromatically driven three-level atom in the lambda configuration and in the low-frequency domain. These dynamically induced spectra occur when the excitation fields operate at low intensities and are neither one- nor two-photon resonant with the various transitions of the system.