Blast wave propagation in air from a gaseous charge

In the point explosion problem it is assumed that an instantaneous release of finite energy causing shock wave propagation in the ambient gas occurs at a space point. The results of the solution of the problem of such blasts are contained in [1–4]. This point model is applied for the determination of shock wave parameters when the initial pressure in a sphere of finite radius exceeds the ambient air pressure by 2–3 orders of magnitude. The possibility of such a flow simulation at a certain distance from the charge is shown in papers [4, 5] as applied to the blast of a charge of condensed explosive and in [6, 8] as applied to the expansion of a finite volume of strongly compressed hot gas. In certain practical problems the initial pressure in a volume of finite dimensions exceeds atmospheric pressure by a factor 10–15 only. Such cases arise, for example, in the detonation of gaseous fuel-air mixtures. The present paper considers the problem of shock wave propagation in air, caused by explosion of gaseous charge of spherical or cylindrical shape. A numerical solution is obtained in a range of values of the specific energy of the charge characteristic for fuel-air detonation mixtures by means of the method of characteristics without secondary shock wave separation. The influence of the initial conditions of the gas charge explosion (specific energy, nature of initiation, and others) is investigated and compared with the point case with respect to the pressure difference across the shock wave and the positive overpressure pulse.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 3, pp. 110–118, May–June, 1986.     

Derivation of a non-linear model equation for wave propagation in bubbly liquids

Summary Though the use of an asymptotic approach, it is deduced a fourth order partial differential equation governing the evolution of nonlinear (sound) wave propagation in bubbly liquids. Remarkably it involves also higher order nonlinear terms. Some results concerning the steady-state solution as well as the dispersion relation are obtained.

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Sommario Mediante l'usa di uno schema asintotico viene dedotta una equazione differenziale alle derivate parziali del quarto ordine, atta a descrivere l'evoluzione di un'onda non lineare propagantesi con la velocità del suono in un liquido con bolle. Tale equazione in particolare presenta delle non linearità anche nette derivate di ordine più elevato. Infine vengono discussi alcuni risultati numerici connessi con la ricerca di soluzioni del tipo onda stazionaria e con la relazione di dispersione.

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This work was supported by M.P.I. through Fondi per la ricerca scientifica 40% e 60%.     

On the controlled propagation of wave signals in a sinusoidally forced two-dimensional continuous Frenkel-Kontorova model

The nonlinear processes of supratransmission and infratransmission are employed here in order to show numerically that binary information may be transmitted into (2 + 1)-dimensional, continuous Frenkel-Kontorova media spatially defined on a square, by perturbing harmonically two adjacent boundaries by means of Neumann conditions. The presence of these nonlinear phenomena is established numerically through a computational method that preserves the positivity of the energy operators, and that consistently approximates the solution of the model, the local energy density, the total energy and its dissipation; the existence of a region of bistability where two regimes coexist (conducting and insulating) is established as a corollary. The transmission of binary information is accomplished by fixing a frequency in the forbidden band-gap of the system, and modulating the amplitude of the signals as the sum of a seed (whose amplitude oscillates sinusoidally between the supratransmission and infratransmission thresholds) and small, positive, constant perturbations associated to nonzero bits. Our simulations show that a reliable transmission of information is indeed feasible.     

Analysis of wave propagation in micro/nanobeam-like structures: A size-dependent model

By incorporating the strain gradient elasticity into the classical Bernoulli-Euler beam and Timoshenko beam models, the size-dependent characteristics of wave propagation in micro/nanobeams is studied. The formulations of dispersion relation are explicitly derived for both strain gradient beam models, and presented for different material length scale parameters (MLSPs). For both phenomenological sizedependent beam models, the angular frequency, phase velocity and group velocity increase with increasing wave number. However, the velocity ratios approach different values for different beam models, indicating an interesting behavior of the asymptotic velocity ratio. The present theory is also compared with the nonlocal continuum beam models.     

Shear band propagation from a crack tip subjected to Mode II shear wave loading

Results are reported for pressure–shear plate impact experiments in which pre-cracked 4340 steel plates are subjected to Mode II loading. Experiments show the propagation of a shear band ahead of the initial crack. Finite element simulations are used to interpret the results. Normal and transverse velocity–time profiles measured at the rear surface of the target can be simulated reasonably well using even an elastic model for the material response. A propagating shear band is obtained when the material is modeled as having reduced shearing resistance described by a thermo-viscoplastic power law, and complete loss of shearing resistance when the shear strain reaches a critical value. However, the predicted speed of propagation of the tip of the shear band is substantially less than required to explain the lengths of the bands observed in the experiments. Adjustments of parameters of the power-law model have little effect on the overall length of the band. Possible reasons for differences between predicted and measured shear band speeds are examined. Further reduction in the shearing resistance in the shear band appears to be essential for the simulated bands to be as long as those observed in the experiments.     

Stress wave propagation in plates subjected to a transient line source

A method of treating the response of plates to a transient load, which was recently proposed, is here elaborated for the particular case of a plate subjected to a transient line source. Expressions presenting the various stresses as functions of time and position are derived. A numerical scheme, by which these stresses are calculated, is described. Some results concerning the behavior of stresses in the course of time are illustrated and discussed.     

Gradient surface ply model of SH wave propagation in SAW sensors

Investigation of the propagation of the wave in SAW sensors is a basis for the research and design of the sensors. With the advance of the sensor, both the effect of environment on the surface ply and the geometry of waveguide are complicated. To consider the complication, a model with gradient surface ply and multilayer waveguide of SH wave propagation in sensor is proposed. The equation of wave velocity is derived by a transfer matrix method. Through the equation, the function of wave velocity increment via the change of parameters in the surface ply is obtained. The effect of the inhomogeneity on the function is also studied. Finally, some influencing factors of the behavior of the sensor are discussed. This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 59635140), the Doctoral Education Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China and Aeronautics Foundation of China.     

Application of holographic interferometry to a study of wave propagation in rock

Holographic interferometry was utilized to determine the three orthogonal components of displacement in elastic surface waves. A pulsed ruby laser was used as the light source and techniques to improve its coherence properties are described. Procedures for the formation and reconstruction of the hologram, fringe interpretation, and data reduction and presentation are detailed. The elastic-wave velocities and material constants for pink westerly granite were obtained. Solutions for an explosively generated Rayleigh wave in a half space and its reflection from a free edge are presented.     

Study of the propagation of a torsional wave in a curved wire

Summary The problem of the propagation of a torsional wave in a curved wire is examined. The displacements with a natural and with a forced curvature are calculated and the corresponding dispersion relations are obtained on the basis of a purely elastic model.The results are discussed in connexion with the problem of the propagation of a signal in a wire-type acoustic delay line and compared with the results previously obtained by other workers.

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Sommario Si esamina il problema della propagazione di un'onda torsionale in un filo curvato. Viene svolto il calcolo degli spostamenti con curvatura sia naturale, sia imposta e si ottengono le corrispondenti relazioni di dispersione sulla base di un modello puramente elastico. Si discutono inoltre i risultati ottenuti, in relazione al problema della propagazione di un segnale in una linea di ritardo meccanica, confrontandoli con quelli precedentemente acquisiti da altri Autori.

     

Akhmediev breather signatures from dispersive propagation of a periodically phase-modulated continuous wave

We investigate in detail the qualitative similarities between the pulse localization characteristics observed using sinusoidal phase modulation during linear propagation and those seen during the evolution of Akhmediev breathers during propagation in a system governed by the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The profiles obtained at the point of maximum focusing indeed present very close temporal and spectral features. If the respective linear and nonlinear longitudinal evolutions of those profiles are similar in the vicinity of the point of maximum focusing, they may diverge significantly for longer propagation distance. Our analysis and numerical simulations are confirmed by experiments emulating an optical fibre.     

On the theory of transient wave propagation in a dispersive medium

Summary Choosing a simple parallel-plate waveguide, an exact expression is obtained for the transient response when a step-modulated carrier signal is applied. The analysis constitutes a modest extension of the early work of Sommerfeld and the more recent investigations of Rubinowicz and Knop. Numerical calculations are presented for a range of the parameters which have some relevance to propagation in the earth-ionosphere waveguide. The exact form of the transient envelope function is compared with an approximate version which is in the form of a Fresnel integral. It is shown that the approximate method gives a good qualitative estimate for the transient response characteristics. Thus, confidence is gained in applying it to other situations where an exact solution is not available.The research reported here was supported by the Advanced Research Projects Agency, Washington, D.C., under ARPA Order No. 183-62.Formerly the Central Radio Propagation Laboratory of the National Bureau of Standards.     

Analyzing the propagation of a quadratic nonlinear hyperelastic cylindrical wave

The perturbation method (small-parameter method) is used to analyze the propagation of a cylindrical wave in a quadratic nonlinear hyperelastic material described by the classical Murnaghan model. The exact representation of the first-order solution in terms of squared Hankel functions of zero and first orders and their product is derived. A simplification of the new solution is considered     

Three-dimensional propagation of the transmitted shock wave in a square cross-sectional chamber

An investigation into the three-dimensional propagation of the transmitted shock wave in a square cross-section chamber was described in this paper, and the work was carried out numerically by solving the Euler equations with a dispersion-controlled scheme. Computational images were constructed from the density distribution of the transmitted shock wave discharging from the open end of the square shock tube and compared directly with holographic interferograms available for CFD validation. Two cases of the transmitted shock wave propagating at different Mach numbers in the same geometry were simulated. A special shock reflection system near the corner of the square cross-section chamber was observed, consisting of four shock waves: the transmitted shock wave, two reflection shock waves and a Mach stem. A contact surface may appear in the four-shock system when the transmitted shock wave becomes stronger. Both the secondary shock wave and the primary vortex loop are three-dimensional in the present case due to the non-uniform flow expansion behind the transmitted shock.PACS: 43.40.Nm     

流动系统中爆轰波传播特性的数值模拟

基于带化学反应的二维Euler方程,采用氢气/空气的9组分19步基元反应简化模型,对充有当量 比的氢气/空气预混气体的矩形爆轰流场中爆轰波的传播过程进行了数值模拟,讨论了均匀来流对爆轰波传 播的影响。数值结果表明,在均匀来流的影响下,上游方向上的燃烧强度大于C-J爆速,下游方向上的燃烧强 度小于C-J爆速;上游方向传播的爆轰波的阵面压力大于下游方向传播的爆轰波的阵面压力。所以,经典的 C-J爆轰理论并不适用于流动系统中爆轰波传播特性的研究。     

Response of second-harmonic generation of Lamb wave propagation to microdamage thickness in a solid plate

The response features of second-harmonic generation (SHG) of primary Lamb wave propagation to the thickness of microdamage layer (MDL) in a solid plate have been theoretically and numerically investigated in this paper. Here the solid plate with a MDL is regarded as a double-layered plate in analysis of nonlinear Lamb wave propagation. On the basis of a second-order perturbation approximation and modal expansion analysis, the physical process of cumulative SHG by primary Lamb wave propagation in a solid plate with a MDL has been investigated. The influence of variation in the thickness of MDL on the effect of SHG of primary ${\mathit{S}}_0$ mode, which satisfies an approximate phase velocity matching in the low frequency region, has been theoretically analyzed, and then the finite element (FE) simulation has been carried out to validate the results of the theoretical predictions. A close agreement between the theoretical analyses and FE simulations validates the effectiveness of using the effect of SHG of primary ${\mathit{S}}_0$ mode for characterizing changes in the thickness of MDL. Moreover, change mechanism of nonlinear acoustic parameter with the thickness of MDL is revealed It is expected that the results obtained can provide a convenient means for accurately characterizing nonhomogeneous microdamage (MDL thickness) in layered plates.