CSR切割磁铁设计

兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环(HIRFL CSR)由一个主环(CSRm)和实验环(CSRe)构成.两个储存环的束流注入与引出都需要借助于切割磁铁的导向来完成.介绍了CSR的切割磁铁的物理设计和二维场计算. In order to satisfy the requirement of beam injection and extraction of CSR, four magnetic septums will be used in the accelerator. In the design, the shape of the lamination is optimized by 2-D magnetic field calculation. Also, in order to decrease the leakage field and obtain a satisfied field distribution, a special auxiliary coil and a shield iron plate are considered and as well as the construction of the septum leg is treated in a special way. As a result, the leakage field is almost...     

Recalculation of the HIRFL-SSC injection and extraction system

In order to further improve beam transmission efficiency at the SSC, the beam center trajectory and injection and extraction system are recalculated based on the program group used in the final design of the GANIL accelerator, with some necessary changes and the addition of some auxiliary programs. The two different types of injection and extraction elements (the bending magnet and the inductive septum) are distinguished, and their interaction with the ambient field is considered. More focus is placed on considering the differences in the magnet field inhomogeneity of the ambient field in the located area of the inductive septum where the ends are situated in the ambient field (between the main magnet poles). Thus the gradient magnetic field problem of the inductive septum is solved perfectly. As well as preparing the necessary auxiliary programs and taking the structural integration of the SSC magnetic field maps, the measured magnet field correction is completed. Therefore, the trajectory and a variety of injection and extraction system parameters are obtained. According to the recalculation results, the SSC beam transmission efficiency will be enhanced significantly.     

300MeV质子同步加速器概念设计优化（英文）

目前处于设计阶段的哈尔滨工业大学空间辐照效应装置,其核心部件是由1台10 MeV的注入器、1台300MeV的同步加速器以及输运线构成的加速器装置。同步加速器中引出的质子束流被用于辐照研究。基于装置的概念设计,优化了其同步加速器部分的设计。设计了新的磁聚焦结构,优化了基于新的磁聚焦结构的多圈注入系统的凸轨变化模式,提高了注入效率。为了更好地优化引出束流的时间结构,慢引出系统采用了RF knock-out的方法。为了满足精准辐照的要求,研究了RF Kicker的频率调制,发现RF Kicker的双频调制能使得引出束流更均匀。A research complex for aerospace radiation effects research is in the designing stage in Harbin Institute of Technology. Its core part is a proton accelerator complex, which consists of a 10 MeV injector, a 300 MeV synchrotron and beam transport lines. The proton beam extracted from the synchrotron is utilized for the radiation effects research. Based on the conceptual design, the design study for optimizing the synchrotron has been done. A new lattice design was worked out, and the decreasing pattern of the bump of the multi-turn injection system was optimized to increase the injection efficiency. In order to improve the time structure of the extracted beam, a RF knock-out method is employed in the slow extraction system. To meet the requirement of accurate control of dose, the frequency modulation of the RF kicker is well investigated, and the dual frequency modulation has been found to have a better performance for a uniform spill.     

强流束在四极磁铁中传输的矩阵法与程序设计

强流脉冲束传输的计算是一个相当复杂的问题, 因为不同类型的粒子束分布产生不同的空间电荷场, 而在束流运动过程中, 空间电荷场也在不断地变化, 而且粒子运动的轨迹与空间电荷势又是相互依赖的, 因此需要求得一个自洽解。采用矩阵法分析了非强流脉冲束流与强流脉冲束流在四极磁铁中传输的矩阵, 并编写了束流在四极磁铁等元件中的传输计算程序, 程序采用迭代计算方法获得自洽解。程序运行时, 可以进行直观的图形显示。It is very difficalt to calculate the nonlinear transport of a intense beam, because the particle trajectories depend on the electric potentials excited by the particle beams, and the electric potentials of the beams depend on the particle trajectories and the particle distributions in the phase spaces. So, it is necessary to solve the problem by iterations to get self consistent solutions.We use transport matrix method to analyze the transportation in quadrupole magnet of non intense pulsed beam and intense pulsed beam respectively, and write a computer code for the pulsed beam transporting in quadrupole magnet. The self consistent solution can obtained by using iteration calculation method. During the calculation, the result can be shown by the prompt graph.     

HIRFL改造中的加速器物理问题

从加速器运行的角度对兰州重离子加速器 HIRFL建成以来所存在的问题进行了总结 ,结合放射束物理和冷却储存环 CSR对 HIRFL的新要求 ,从加速器的物理设计方面提出了一些改进方案 .主要问题有 :超低能束流传输的空间电荷效应的影响 ,扇聚焦回旋加速器 SFC高频加速电压不对称对束流轨道的影响 ,用半频聚束的方式补偿两台回旋加速器的纵向不匹配 ,前束线上聚束器的工作模式的选取 ,强杂散磁场对超低能和低能束流传输的影响 ,分离扇回旋加速器 SSC注入区过垫补磁场对注入束流轨道的影响 ,SFC和 SSC的单圈引出 ,重离子通过剥离膜后的束流损失和束流品质的变坏等.From the viewpoints of the HIRFL operation and the new requirements to HIRFL by the study of radioactive beam physics and CSR project, the HIRFL upgrading program has been proposed after studying the existing problems found during the operation and new problems when increasing the beam intensιty and ion variety. The accelerator physics problems of the upgrading program were discussed here, which include the space charge effect on the very low energy beam line...     

HIRFL改造中的加速器物理问题

从加速器运行的角度对兰州重离子加速器 HIRFL建成以来所存在的问题进行了总结 ,结合放射束物理和冷却储存环 CSR对 HIRFL的新要求 ,从加速器的物理设计方面提出了一些改进方案 .主要问题有 :超低能束流传输的空间电荷效应的影响 ,扇聚焦回旋加速器 SFC高频加速电压不对称对束流轨道的影响 ,用半频聚束的方式补偿两台回旋加速器的纵向不匹配 ,前束线上聚束器的工作模式的选取 ,强杂散磁场对超低能和低能束流传输的影响 ,分离扇回旋加速器 SSC注入区过垫补磁场对注入束流轨道的影响 ,SFC和 SSC的单圈引出 ,重离子通过剥离膜后的束流损失和束流品质的变坏等.From the viewpoints of the HIRFL operation and the new requirements to HIRFL by the study of radioactive beam physics and CSR project, the HIRFL upgrading program has been proposed after studying the existing problems found during the operation and new problems when increasing the beam intensιty and ion variety. The accelerator physics problems of the upgrading program were discussed here, which include the space charge effect on the very low energy beam line...     

基于HIRFL-CSR中剥离器的支束线物理设计

介绍了通过剥离器后不同电荷态的束流在弯曲磁铁中的传输情况,由此引出一种切割束流的方法,在此基础上设计了一条支束线,以实现两个实验终端同时供束,增加供束时间.在束运线设计过程中,根据HIRFL CSR的实际条件,对束流的中心轨迹和束流包络做了详细的计算,给出了束流输运线的几何布局和各个元件的基本物理参数. A new branch beam line downstream of the stripper located between SFC and SSC is designed to collect the beams with the charge states other than the most intensive one. The layout of the branch beam line and the physical parameters for each dipole and quadrupole are given based on careful calculations.     

HIAF-BRing的双向涂抹注入模拟

BRing是HIAF工程的主加速器,其设计流强为每个脉冲内的粒子数1×1011个（238U34+）,为了达到此设计流强,注入增益应达到88倍以上。BRing采用了双向涂抹注入方案,其满足BRing的注入增益要求,同时具有注入时间短和累计束分布较均匀而减小了空间电荷效应的特点。双向涂抹注入方案利用水平和垂直两组凸轨磁铁以及倾斜的静电偏转板,在水平相空间和垂直相空间内同时进行涂抹。为了检验双向涂抹注入方案能否达到BRing的设计要求,利用ORBIT程序对双向涂抹注入过程进行了模拟,模拟结果显示,在单次双向涂抹注入113圈的情况下,注入效率为97.7%,注入增益达到110.3倍,满足了BRing流强要求。累积束的分布相对均匀,空间电荷效应引起的工作点漂移约为-0.02,粒子因共振损失风险很小。针对注入束流偏角、切割板角度、工作点偏差和Bump延时等不同注入参数进行了误差分析,结果显示BRing的双向涂抹注入效率对注入参数偏差的容忍度较高。BRing is the main accelerator of High Intensity heavy Ion Accelerator Facility(HIAF) and its design current is 1×1011 particles per pulse (238U34+). To accumulate beams up to the design current, the injection gain has to reach 88. Two planes painting injection scheme is proposed for BRing. This scheme uses a tilted electrostatic septum and 8 bump magnets to paint beams into horizontal and vertical phase space simultaneously. It can inject enough beams into the ring in a short time and paint beams uniformly. The injection process is simulated using ORBIT code and 113 turns is injected into BRing with an injection efficiency of 97.7% which meets the requirement for beam current of BRing. The accumulated beams are distributed uniformly in transverse and hence have a little tune shift of -0.02 which reduces the risk of beam loss due to the resonance. Errors of injection parameters are analysed and the result shows two planes painting injection scheme has a high tolerance for errors of injection parameters.     

On Feasibility of Variable Separation Method Based on Hamiltonian System for a Class of Plate Bending Equations

The eigenfunction system of infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian operators appearing in the bending problem of rectangular plate with two opposites simply supported is studied. At first, the completeness of the extended eigenfunction system in the sense of Cauchy＇s principal value is proved. Then the incompleteness of the extended eigenfunction system in general sense is proved. So the completeness of the symplectic orthogonal system of the infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian operator of this kind of plate bending equation is proved. At last the general solution of the infinite dimensional Hamiltonian system is equivalent to the solution function system series expansion, so it gives to theoretical basis of the methods of separation of variables based on Hamiltonian system for this kind of equations.     

Tunable characteristics of bending resonance frequency in magnetoelectric laminated composites

As the magnetoelectric (ME) effect in piezoelectric/magnetostrictive laminated composites is mediated by mechanical deformation, the ME effect is significantly enhanced in the vicinity of resonance frequency. The bending resonance frequency (fr) of bilayered Terfenol-D/PZT (MP) laminated composites is studied, and our analysis predicts that (i) the bending resonance frequency of an MP laminated composite can be tuned by an applied dc magnetic bias (Hdc) due to the E effect; (ii) the bending resonance frequency of the MP laminated composite can be controlled by incorporating FeCuNbSiB layers with different thicknesses. The experimental results show that with H dc increasing from 0 Oe (1 Oe=79.5775 A/m) to 700 Oe, the bending resonance frequency can be shifted in a range of 32.68 kHz≤fr≤33.96 kHz. In addition, with the thickness of the FeCuNbSiB layer increasing from 0 μm to 90 μm, the bending resonance frequency of the MP laminated composite gradually increases from 33.66 kHz to 39.18 kHz. This study offers a method of adjusting the strength of dc magnetic bias or the thicknesses of the FeCuNbSiB layer to tune the bending resonance frequency for ME composite, which plays a guiding role in the ME composite design for real applications.     

涡流型切割磁铁的理论分析和模拟计算

从理论上推导了涡流型切割磁铁的漏场变化规律.以上海同步辐射装置(SSRF)用涡流型切割磁铁为例,进行了分析性计算和讨论,并与OPERA程序模拟计算的结果进行了比较.在此基础上,提出了降低漏场的方法和措施.     

SSRF储存环注入薄切割磁铁样机的设计和研制

基于上海同步辐射装置(SSRF)储存环注入系统的需要,在国内首次研制成功了一台涡流板型切割磁铁,其性能指标均达到设计要求,特别是漏场指标,达到了国际同类磁铁的先进水平.本文对切割磁铁设计和研制的关键技术进行了讨论,对切割磁铁的性能进行了测试,在此基础上对这类切割磁铁的设计和研制提出具有建设性的建议.     

光子晶体光纤弯曲损耗特性研究

对光子晶体光纤的损耗特性进行了分析,并在实验上对两种典型的光子带隙型和全内反射型光子晶体光纤进行了研究.分别对两种不同结构的光子晶体光纤在弯曲半径2~15 mm范围内的损耗进行了测量.与传统光纤损耗实验结果的对比表明,两种光子晶体光纤的弯曲损耗均不明显,具有很强的抗弯曲损耗能力.实验也证实了光子晶体光纤弯曲损耗存在临界弯曲半径,在大于临界半径的情况下,几乎没有弯曲损耗.从结构上分析并证明光子晶体光纤弯曲损耗随填充比(d/Λ)的增加而减小,填充比越高弯曲损耗越小.     

光纤弯曲损耗特性的理论与实验研究

为了减小在长距离光纤通信中存在的弯曲损耗和利用光纤激光器中的弯曲损耗获得单模输出，利用速度法解释了光纤弯曲损耗机制，采用Marcuse理论研究了弯曲损耗随弯曲半径、波长和纤芯半径变化的关系。通过计算机仿真和实验得出弯曲损耗随弯曲半径的减小而增大，随波长的增大而增大，随纤芯半径的增大而增大，高阶模式的损耗大于低阶模式。利用这一结论就可以通过控制弯曲半径在临界半径以内来减小通信中的弯曲损耗，通过增大模场半径来实现光纤激光器中的单模输出。     

新型三角芯抗弯曲大模场面积光子晶体光纤

提出了一种新型三角芯抗弯曲大模场面积光子晶体光纤.该结构采用单一尺寸的圆形空气孔, 降低了制作难度.在波长1.064 μm处, 在平直状态和弯曲半径为30 cm时, 模场面积分别为1386 μm²和1153 μm², 弯曲带来的模场面积减少量仅为16.85%. 当弯曲半径为30 cm时, 基模的损耗为0.087 dB/m, 二阶模的损耗大于1.5 dB/m, 大的损耗差有效保证了光纤单模运转.此外, 弯曲半径30 cm时, 弯曲方向角扩展至±180°, 光纤弯曲不再受弯曲方向的限制. 所设计的光纤结构具有大模场面积、小的模场面积减少量、 低的弯曲损耗以及低的弯曲方向敏感度等优势, 为小型化、集成化高功率激光传输及光纤激光器和放大器的研究奠定了基础. 关键词： 光子晶体光纤 大模场面积 抗弯曲 弯曲方向角     

小半径弯曲条件下传能光纤传输效率研究

利用光线理论分析弯曲光纤模型中的包层光线传输特性,结合半导体激光模块传能尾纤弯曲实验表明,由于光纤弯曲有效数值孔径减小而进入包层的光线并未完全被耗散,当光纤弯曲部分长度较短时,部分未耗散掉的包层光在进入直光纤部分后仍可重新回到纤芯中进而长距离传输作为有用光输出。该结论表明弯曲光纤的传输效率由弯曲半径和弯曲光纤长度共同决定,即在光纤弯曲半径远小于传统理论临界半径的情况下,合理控制传能光纤弯曲部分的长度,仍可获得较高的传输效率。     

Bending Efficiency of Bent Multiple-Slot Waveguides

The bending efficiency of three-dimensional bent multiple-slot waveguides is studied by applying a combined method of effective-index and modified transfer-matrix methods. The effects of asymmetric structure, asymmetric slots, and asymmetric middle strips on the bending efficiency are investigated. We show that the bending efficiency can be improved by the use of asymmetric structures and asymmetric middle strips. The bending efficiency of different slot waveguides （up to quintuple-slot structure） is compared. It is revealed that although the single-slot waveguide in general provides the lowest bending loss for the same waveguide parameters, it is possible that the multiple-slot waveguide can present a lower bending loss than the single-slot one.     

Unidirectional sensitive flexible sensor for bending measurements

The measurement of bending direction and bending angles is essential in the multiaxial servo-controlled system, especially for collaborative robots. However, most flexible sensors developed for bending measurements cannot distinguish bending directions due to their sensitivity to both positive and negative bending. Also, these sensors usually exhibit simultaneous response to normal pressure, which results in additional calibration. Here, a unidirectional-sensitive flexible capacitive sensor is proposed. A simple asymmetric pyramidal microstructure was designed to create uneven responses to positive and negative bending and minimum response to normal pressure based on the fringe effect. The fabricated sensor shows a relative capacitance change of nearly 0.9 in the sensitive direction and only 0.05 in the other direction as the sensor bends from flat to the curvature radius of 10 mm. Also, the sensor shows negligible sensitivity even under a normal pressure force as high as 16 N, either in planar or bending condition.     

Power flow in coupled bending and longitudinal waves in beams

In complex structures, curvature and impedance discontinuities (e.g., junctions) couple bending and longitudinal waves. Propagation losses for longitudinal waves are often much less than losses for bending waves, and damping treatments often less effective on longitudinal waves. When the dissipation in longitudinal waves is less than that on bending waves, longitudinal waves can provide an efficient means of power flow between bending waves generated at one location and bending waves that are a source of acoustic radiation at another location. In order to design and locate effective treatments, knowledge of the power flow in longitudinal as well as bending waves is required. The measurement of power in both bending and longitudinal waves when both waves are present is demonstrated. Measurements conducted on a straight beam and a T-beam are compared to predictions obtained using finite element methods. The effect of coupling between waves at the junction in a T-beam is illustrated using results from measurements of power flow.     

分布反馈光纤激光器弯曲特性的实验研究

为了研究分布反馈光纤激光器的弯曲特性,对光纤激光器输出波长和弯曲半径的关系进行了理论分析和实验研究.理论分析表明,光纤激光器输出波长变化量与弯曲半径平方的倒数为线性相关,并且随着弯曲半径的增大布拉格波长向短波长方向移动|实验中通过对3支不同波长的光纤激光器在弯曲半径分别为10 mm、20 mm、90 mm时输出波长的测量,验证了理论分析的正确性.实验中采用参考光纤激光器法排除环境干扰,对光纤激光器的激射功率进行了耐弯曲测试,并验证了光纤激光器斜率效率优越的抗弯曲特性.结果表明,在测试的32天内,待测光纤激光器激射功率变化量均小于2 dB,为分布反馈光纤激光器做为弯曲类传感应用的研究提供了重要的参考依据.