自聚焦透镜的三维相干成像特性分析

运用傅里叶光学方法，分析并推导了自聚焦透镜的三维相干成像公式。研究表明，虽然自聚焦透镜中介质折射率是径向渐变折射率分布，不同于薄透镜中的均匀分布，但是由于它的三维相干成像性质却类似于薄透镜，从而使自聚焦透镜可以在成像和光学信息处理系统中有效地代替薄透镜，实现光学系统的微型化。     

在电阻丝上测量薄透镜的焦距

本文提供了一种用电学原理在一根电阻丝上测量薄透镜焦距的实验方法。该方法利用均匀电阻丝的电阻与其长度成正比的关系,把长度量转换成电阻量进行测量,并通过标定,可以在一块数字电压表上直接显示待测薄透镜的焦距值。如果薄透镜的焦距已知,利用该方法也可以确定薄透镜所成清晰像的位置。实验结果的相对不确定度小于3%。     

聚焦高阶Bessel-Gauss光束重建的理论和实验研究

提出利用薄透镜元件对聚焦后的高阶Bessel-Gauss光束进行重建. 基于衍射理论, 分析了高阶Bessel-Gauss光束聚焦后的重建行为, 数值模拟高阶Bessel-Gauss光束经薄透镜聚焦再通过另一薄透镜重建的三维光场分布和截面光强分布图. 结果表明, 高阶Bessel-Gauss光束经单个薄透镜后产生中空的局域空心光束, 在焦点位置处为圆环, 尔后迅速发散; 在焦点后合适位置处放入另一薄透镜可矫正焦点后发散的光束, 使得其后光场不变, 仍满足Bessel分布; 实验结果与理论分析相符合. 研究结果对光镊、粒子捕获与操控具有一定的指导意义. 关键词： 衍射理论 传输矩阵 高阶Bessel-Gauss光束 重建     

薄透镜组的焦点位于组合透镜两侧时应满足的条件

透镜组的焦距和焦点位置是透镜组的主要参数,本文通过对两薄透镜多种不同组合的讨论,总结出使组合透镜的焦点处在透镜组两侧需满足的条件．     

从复透过率函数导出薄透镜的焦距

从透射平板的复透过率函数表达式人手,得出薄平凸透镜的焦距,等效地可得到其他薄透镜的焦距,避免了几何光学中对薄透镜焦距的繁琐推导。     

薄透镜在不同介质中的会聚与发散性质

从薄透镜的焦距公式出发,讨论了各种透镜在不同介质中的会聚与发散性质.透镜的会聚、发散性质既与透镜的形状和折射率有关,又与透镜两侧介质的折射率有关.     

基于望远镜原理测量薄透镜焦距

当标准凸透镜与待测薄透镜(凸透镜和凹透镜)的焦点重合时会形成一个典型的望远系统。根据望远镜成像原理可知平行光入射时出射光线为平行光,利用这一特殊成像性质可以快速测定薄透镜的焦距。此实验方法原理简单、操作方便是一种实用的薄透镜焦距测量方法。     

正透镜参数测定

本运用薄透镜成像理论，讨论了正透镜的三个主要参数——透镜焦距、透镜镜面曲率半径以及透镜材料的折射率的测定，并用实验对该测量原理进行了验证。     

“薄透镜焦距的测定”实验方法探究

"薄透镜焦距测定"作为几何光学的基础实验课,其目的不仅为了配合光学的基础理论知识,让学生掌握几何光学成像的规律和原理,更重要的是培养学生将所学的光学知识与实际应用相结合,用科学方法解决实际问题。本文基于薄透镜成像规律,系统分析了薄透镜焦距测定的不同方法中产生的误差来源,并提出了实验的改进方法。     

基于平行光管法的薄凸透镜焦距测量

薄凸透镜是光学仪器中最重要、最基本的元件,在天文、军事、医学等众多领域发挥着重要作用。焦距是薄透镜、反射镜等光学系统最重要的特性参量,因而准确测量薄透镜的焦距则显得尤为重要。实验室测量薄凸透镜焦距的方法有物距像距法、自准直法、光电法、平行光管法等。由于采用前3种方法测量透镜焦距的精度偏低,针对该问题,提出利用平行光管法测量薄凸透镜的焦距,并对实验误差作简单分析。实验结果表明,该方法可以高精度地测量薄凸透镜焦距,相对误差仅为0.138%。因此,采用平行光管法的薄凸透镜焦距测量方法是有效可行的。     

关于"太阳在银河系中所受引力与到银心距离r的关系"的讨论

讨论了银道面内的引力场强分布和太阳在银河系中所受引力与到银心距离r的关系，指出引力场强g并不是与r的平方成反比，这是由于银河系的大小和形状不能忽略造成的．强调了万有引力定律的适用条件．     

On the predictability of the positions of the convergence zones in the ocean

The disagreement between the experimental and calculated positions of the first convergence zone are known from many publications. The most probable cause for such a disagreement, namely, the incorrect specification of the input data for the calculations, is considered. The lack of simultaneity between the hydrological surveys of the region and the acoustic experiments is emphasized. The experimental data obtained by the author in five ocean regions are presented. These data characterize the diurnal variability of the distance from the source to the nearest boundary of the convergence zone. The relations proposed by different researchers for calculating the sound speed from the temperature, salinity, and hydrostatic pressure are analyzed. It is shown that these relations lead to a substantial difference in the estimated depth dependence of the hydrostatic gradient of the sound speed. The position of the first convergence zone is calculated for the propagation conditions determined by vertical temperature and salinity profiles with the subsequent recalculation of these profiles into sound speed profiles by using eight different formulas known from the literature. It is shown that different formulas lead to different values of the distance to the first zone; this difference is substantially greater than that between the calculations and experiment. The necessity of improving the recalculation relations in view of the experimental data on sound propagation in natural oceanic waveguides, including the data on the actual positions of the convergence zones, is emphasized.     

On the calculation of the bremsstrahlung in the region of the plasma frequency

On the basis of the classical theory of radiation produced in incomplete Coulomb interaction, a formula is derived for the coefficient of the bremsstrahlung of fully ionized plasma. In the region of rectilinear approximation a comparison is made with the results of the quantum formula derived from the Born approximation. Furthermore, the influence of dispersion upon the emission coefficient is taken into account; some relations for the region of dispersion are given.     

Dependence of the Intensity of the Spectral Lines and the Composition of the Sample and the Plasma Parameters of the Unipolar Arc

The investigation was made of the dependence of the intensity of Tl, Ga, Mo, Mg, Mn, Sn, Bi, Ni, Zn, Pt and Au spectral lines and the plasma parameters (temperature T, electron concentration n_e, degree of 6 ionnization α) from concentration of lithium additive.     

Extracting the wavefunction of the LSP at the LHC

We consider associated production of squarks and gluinos with the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP), or states nearly degenerate in mass with it. Though sub-dominant to pair production of color SU(3)-charged superpartners, these processes are directly sensitive to the wavefunction composition of the lightest neutralinos. Exploiting event-shape variables - including some introduced here for the first time - we are able to identify the composition of the LSP by selecting events involving a single high-pT jet recoiling against missing transverse energy. We illustrate the proposed technique on a set of benchmark cases and propose methods for applying these results in more realistic experimental environments.     

Set the controls for the heart of the Sun

In this paper we describe experiments conducted with high-power lasers that are attempting to replicate, for a very short time and in miniature, conditions found in the Sun. Experiments to date have reached conditions in the outer part of the Sun. To reach the Sun's centre requires compression of material to very much greater than solid density and heating to over ten million degrees. To achieve this, a new class of experiments and a new generation of high-power lasers are required.     

On the Question of the Source of the Apokamp

Technical Physics - The object of this work is the apokamp—a new type of plasma jet, which is formed from a bright offshoot emerging at the bending point of a channel of a high-voltage...