利用声衰减反演气泡群分布的方法研究

通过测量含气泡水的声衰减反演气泡群参数是获取水中气泡分布的重要方法,但是经典方法忽略了较高浓度气泡水中的强频散特性和气泡振动参数的改变,导致反演较高浓度气泡群分布时会产生巨大误差.为解决这个问题,本文基于等效媒质理论建立起了声衰减和相速度的联系,并考虑了含气泡水平均量对气泡阻尼系数和共振频率的影响.在此基础上,通过将反演气泡分布和修正相速度及气泡振动参数交替迭代的方法,有效地消除了高浓度气泡水中由频散和气泡振动特性改变引起的误差.与实验数据对比发现,气泡群孔隙率达到10^-5时,考虑含气泡水的频散特性会显著降低反演误差;而当气泡群孔隙率达到10^-3时,气泡阻尼系数和共振频率的修正会对反演结果变得重要.本文方法在反演孔隙率为10^-3-10^-2的高浓度气泡群时,仍有较好效果,这可为获取水下较高浓度气泡群分布提供方法借鉴.     

冬小麦不同生育时期叶面积指数反演方法

针对当前作物叶面积指数遥感反演过程中,在不同生育时期采用相同的植被指数进行反演存在叶面积指数反演精度较低的问题。以冬小麦为研究对象,选取了对冬小麦覆盖度响应程度不同的六种宽带和四种窄带共10种植被指数,分析比较了在冬小麦整个生育期选用当前广泛使用的归一化植被指数(NDVI)反演冬小麦的LAI和在冬小麦不同生长阶段选用不同的植被指数反演冬小麦LAI的结果差异。在冬小麦整个生育期内使用NDVI反演小麦LAI得到的LAI反演值和真实值之间的R2=0.558 5,RMSE=0.320 9。改进的比值植被指数(mSR)适合于反演冬小麦生长前期(拔节期之前)的LAI,得到的LAI反演值和真实值之间的相关系数r=0.728 7,均方根误差RMSE=0.297 1;比值植被指数(SR)适于反演冬小麦生长中期(拔节到抽穗前),得到的LAI反演值和真实值之间的R2=0.654 6,RMSE=0.306 1;NDVI适于反演冬小麦生长后期(抽穗到成熟期)的LAI,得到的LAI反演值和真实值之间的R2=0.679 4,均方根误差RMSE=0.316 4。 研究表明：在冬小麦的不同生育时期,根据地表作物覆盖度的变化和反射率的变化,选择不同的植被指数建立冬小麦LAI的反演模型获得的反演精度均高于在冬小麦整个生育期使用NDVI获得的反演结果。说明在冬小麦的不同生育时期选择不同的植被指数构建LAI的分段反演模型可以改善冬小麦LAI的反演精度。     

不同条件下阻尼片对音叉受迫振动的影响

本文实验上研究了不同阻尼片的面积、形状、固定角度和相对位置对音叉受迫振动体系的影响,研究表明在相同形状下、不同面积的阻尼片,周期的平方与阻尼片的面积成正比;相同面积、不同形状的阻尼片对应的共振频率和灵敏度都不同,长方形的灵敏度更大,三角形的灵敏度较小;相同形状、相同面积的阻尼片,音叉受迫振动的共振频率与阻尼片固定位置和固定角度都有关系.本研究对音叉传感器的设计有一定的指导意义.     

电磁阻尼落体运动实验仪研究

设计了电磁阻尼落体实验仪,可以定量研究受电磁阻尼的落体运动过程,在不同的阻尼条件下验证速度和路程公式,并计算出阻尼系数.     

用相速度测量数据反演单向纤维增强复合材料板的弹性常数

基于横向各同性均匀介质中平观波相速度的解析表达式，用声速测量数据，通过失代阻尼最小二乘法来反演单向纤维增强复合材料板的弹性常数，数值实现中，运用了奇异值分解（ＳＶＤ）方法以改善计算的精度和稳定性。用模型计算的声速数据和实测的声速数据均进行了弹性常数的反演，结果表明了反演算法是有效的。     

应用于高速转子系统的金属橡胶阻尼环动力特性分析

针对金属橡胶构件的非线性特性及结构不同时弹性阻尼力学性能不同的特点, 利用实验和理论相结合的方法建立了金属橡胶构件迟滞回线边界变形过程力学模型, 推导了不同相对密度金属橡胶构件非线性迟滞恢复力表达式. 分析了简谐激励载荷作用下金属橡胶阻尼环动力学特性, 对该阻尼环进行了实验研究, 研究了存在预变形情况下阻尼环的弹性阻尼性能, 实验和理论分析结果基本一致, 为该种阻尼环的实际应用奠定了理论基础. 关键词： 金属橡胶构件 力学模型 非线性迟滞恢复力     

散射模型和有效粒子半径对卷云光学厚度反演的影响

为研究不同散射模型和有效粒子半径对卷云光学厚度反演的影响,计算了不同光学厚度下,一般种类混合模型(GHM)、实心柱状模型(SC)和聚合物实心柱状模型(ASC)取不同有效粒子半径时的反射率。理论分析了不同散射模型及其不同有效粒子半径对卷云光学厚度反演结果的影响。使用基于倍加累加法的矢量辐射传输模型RT3计算3种模型卷云光学厚度查找表,基于POLDER数据,采用查找表法进行卷云光学厚度反演实验,实验结果与理论分析一致。结果可知:采用不同散射模型反演得到的卷云光学厚度存在较大差异,相比GHM和SC模型,ASC模型卷云光学厚度反演结果更接近POLDER产品;有效粒子半径越大,光学厚度反演结果越大,GHM和SC的增幅较大,而ASC增幅很小。因此,在不具备有效粒子半径反演能力时,建议采用ASC模型反演卷云光学厚度,以减小有效粒子半径变化对反演结果的影响。上述研究对我国GF-5卫星的卷云光学厚度反演的散射模型选取及反演结果评价具有参考价值。     

关于线性阻尼振子第一积分的研究

通过引入一维线性阻尼振子基本积分来构造其他第一积分, 包括不含时的积分. 将这种方法推广到多维情形, 构造二维和n维线性阻尼振子不同形式的第一积分; 证明不同类型的二维线性阻尼振子都存在三个独立的不含时的第一积分, n维线性阻尼振子存在2n-1个独立的不含时的第一积分. 利用变量变换将线性阻尼振子的第一积分变换成简谐振子形式的第一积分. 关键词： 线性阻尼振子 第一积分 基本积分 简谐振子     

改进的QGA-ELM算法水稻叶面积指数反演模型

为了通过植被指数（VI）准确、可靠的获取不同施肥梯度、不同品种的水稻叶面积指数（LAI）,提出了一种基于改进的QGA-ELM算法应用于水稻LAI反演。首先通过8折交叉验证确定极限学习机(ELM)最佳的隐含层神经元个数与隐含层激活函数类型,再通过引入组合动态旋转角策略、单点混沌交叉操作、混沌变异操作、确定性选择策略、量子灾变操作对量子遗传算法（QGA）进行改进,最后使用改进后的QGA算法优化ELM神经网络输入层到隐含层的连接权值和隐含层的阈值。为了验证该模型普适性和有效性,依次建立多元线性回归、BP、ELM、QGA-ELM、改进的QGA-ELM算法5种模型,并在不同数据集上进行反演效果比较,结果表明：（1）对比QGA-ELM算法和改进的QGA-ELM算法进化过程,改进的算法能有效提升模型寻优能力,避免算法早熟,且能寻得更优结果。（2）对比五种算法在不同数据集上的反演效果,验证了NDVI,RVI与LAI之间主要为非线性关系,且ELM神经网络模型反演效果要优于BP神经网络模型和多元线性回归模型。（3）对比五种算法在不同数据集上的反演效果,改进的QGA-ELM算法绝大部分情况下拥有最高的反演精度和最低的误差,改进后的算法反演精度得到了明显提升,泛化性能也得到了增强。（4）改进的QGA-ELM算法在各种施肥梯度上均具有最高反演精度和最低误差,且精度较高,能为不同生长状况水稻LAI反演提供依据。（5）五种模型对庆和香LAI反演精度均要高于龙稻18,而改进的QGA-ELM算法在不同水稻品种上依然具有较高的反演精度,且在不同水稻品种上反演精度相差极小,远低于其他四种模型,能很好适应不同水稻品种LAI反演要求,极大提升模型的稳定性性,为不同水稻品种反演提供参考意义。     

基于野外双向反射信息利用反射模型反演土壤含水量研究

为了分析土壤含水量对双向反射的影响以及反演土壤含水量,研究了基于野外实测多角度高光谱数据,获取了双向反射模型的参数,并且通过模型计算值反演土壤含水量。通过分析在3个波段以及不同角度反演的模型参数与含水量之间的关系,发现在不同角度利用模型反演土壤含水量的结果具有差异性;并且在865 nm处反演精度最稳定。这表明利用双向反射分布特性能够以较高的精度反演土壤含水量,同时也应该考虑方向反射对反演精度的影响。     

Ground Penetrating Radar Nondestructive Testing Based on Wavelet Sparse Representation

Now Ground penetrating radar (GPR) nondestructive testing methods have been applied to many fields of physics. But traditional electromagnetic methods (usually based on least square and local iteration) just roughly give the information of location, level and quality. In this paper we consider inverse electromagnetic problem which is concerned with the estimation of electric conductivity of Maxwell’s equations. A wavelet multilevel representation is proposed to inversion of GPR nondestructive testing. Once we decompose the objective functional onto different levels from the smallest to the largest, there are very few local minimum on the largest level component of the problem. Then local convergent Gauss-Newton method could easily find the global minimum on this level which is close to the global optimization solution on the second largest level. So, Gauss-Newton method with initial value which is solved on the largest level has serious possibility to find the global minimum of the second largest level. Repeating this step one could find the global optimization solution of the original inverse problem. On each level, the stable and fast local convergent Gauss-Newton method is carried out. Results exhibits clear advantages over damping Gauss-Newton method and testify that it is an available method, especially on aspects of wide convergence and precision.     

一维双相介质孔隙率的小波多尺度反演

基于多尺度的思想,将小波多分辨分析和多尺度方法结合,构造了小波多尺度反演方法,并应用于一维双相介质孔隙率的反演.利用小波变换,将原始反问题分解为不同尺度上的一系列子反问题,并按照尺度从粗到细的顺序依次求解.在每一个尺度上,都采用稳定、收敛快的正则化高斯牛顿法求解,次一级尺度上求出的“全局最优解”作为上一级的初始解,依次类推,直到求出原始问题的真正的全局最优解.将小波多尺度方法归结为三种不同算子(分解算子、求解算子、插入算子)的交替应用,给出了小波多尺度反演算法的基本流程图,并推导出当采用Daubechie 关键词： 双相介质 反演 小波多尺度方法 孔隙率     

一维双相介质孔隙率的小波多尺度反演

基于多尺度的思想,将小波多分辨分析和多尺度方法结合，构造了小波多尺度反演方法，并应用于一维双相介质孔隙率的反演.利用小波变换，将原始反问题分解为不同尺度上的一系列子反问题，并按照尺度从粗到细的顺序依次求解.在每一个尺度上，都采用稳定、收敛快的正则化高斯牛顿法求解，次一级尺度上求出的“全局最优解”作为上一级的初始解，依次类推，直到求出原始问题的真正的全局最优解.将小波多尺度方法归结为三种不同算子(分解算子、求解算子、插入算子)的交替应用，给出了小波多尺度反演算法的基本流程图，并推导出当采用Daubechie     

Iterative regularization methods for atmospheric remote sensing

In this paper we present different inversion algorithms for nonlinear ill-posed problems arising in atmosphere remote sensing. The proposed methods are Landweber's method (LwM), the iteratively regularized Gauss-Newton method, and the conventional and regularizing Levenberg-Marquardt method. In addition, some accelerated LwMs and a technique for smoothing the Levenberg-Marquardt solution are proposed. The numerical performance of the methods is studied by means of simulations. Results are presented for an inverse problem in atmospheric remote sensing, i.e., temperature sounding with an airborne uplooking high-resolution far-infrared spectrometer.     

Two-Photon Jaynes-Cummings Model Governed by Milburn Equation with Phase Damping

In this paper, we find an analytic solution of the master equation of a non-resonant two-photon JaynesCummings model (JCM) with phase damping with the help of the super-operator technique. We study the influence of phase damping on non-classical effects in the JCM, such as oscillations of the photon-number distribution, revivals of the atomic inversion, and sub-Possion photon statistics. It is demonstrated that the phase damping suppresses the revivals of the atomic inversion and non-classical effects of the cavity field in the JCM.     

An efficient inversion algorithm for atmospheric remote sensing with application to UV limb observations

In this paper we present a retrieval algorithm for atmospheric remote sensing. The algorithm combines Tikhonov regularization and the iteratively regularized Gauss-Newton method and is devoted to the solution of multi-parameter inverse problems with simple bounds on the variables. The basic features of the algorithm: the solution of the bound-constrained minimization problem, the selection of the optimal regularization parameter, the derivation of the global regularization matrix and the characterization of the solution (error analysis) are discussed in detailed. The inversion algorithm is applied to ozone retrieval from SCIAMACHY limb scatter measurements in the ultraviolet spectral range.     

Two-mode vibration control of a beam using nonlinear synchronized switching damping based on the maximization of converted energy

In this paper, a new switch control strategy based on an energy threshold is proposed for the synchronized switch damping techniques in multimode control. This strategy is derived from the total converted energy of a synchronized switch damping (SSD) system in a given time window. Using the new strategy the voltage is inverted only at those extrema where the effective distance, which is proportional to the converted energy between two neighboring extrema, exceeds the threshold. The new switch control strategy is used in both the synchronized switch damping on inductor (SSDI) technique and the synchronized switch damping on voltage source (SSDV) technique, which are applied to the two-mode control of a composite beam. Their control performances are compared with those of the single-mode control and those of classical SSDI and SSDV techniques in two-mode control. The experimental results show that voltage inversion is prevented at some of the displacement extrema to increase the total converted energy, and exhibit better global damping effect than classical SSDI and classical SSDV, respectively. In single mode, the best control performance is achieved when the voltage is inverted at every extremum. But in multimodal control, the total converted energy in a given time window is increased and the control performance is improved when some extrema are skipped.     

Optimum distribution of additive damping for vibrating beams

Cost and weight effectiveness of concentrated and distributed additive damping is studied for linear systems (discrete and continuous) under prescribed harmonic loads and/or displacements. Stiffness and mass changes due to additive damping are included. From a numerical example studied it can be concluded that optimal damping distributions can reduce resonant responses by about 40% as compared to uniformly distributed damping of the same cost or weight. The optimization technique as well as an exact displacement method for analysis of harmonically vibrating beams and frames are presented.     

Integrated design of piezoelectric damping system for flexible structure

This paper aims at developing an integrated design method of the active/passive hybrid type of piezoelectric damping system for reducing the dynamic response of the flexible structures due to external dynamic loads. The design method is based on the numerical optimization technique whose objective function is a control effort of the active damping. A vibration suppression performance, which is evaluated by the maximum value of the gain of the frequency response function of the structure, is constrained. In order to demonstrate the structural damping capability of the hybrid type of piezoelectric damping system designed by proposed method, numerical simulation and laboratory experiment will be done using a three-story flexible structure model equipped with 12 surface bonded PZT tiles pairs. Both numerical and experimental results indicate that the optimally designed hybrid piezoelectric damping system can be successfully achieving excellent performance as compared to a conventional purely active piezoelectric damping system.     

基于环境一号卫星超光谱数据的多元回归克里格模型反演湖泊总氮浓度的研究

水体中总氮含量是表征湖泊水质的主要指标,利用遥感技术对其动态定量监测可以及时掌握湖泊污染状况.文章以巢湖为例,利用HJ-1A卫星HSI超光谱遥感数据,通过分析总氮与叶绿素a、悬浮物的相关性,采用回归克里格方法建立总氮浓度的定量反演模型,实现了对巢湖水体总氮浓度的反演.结果显示,波段B72,B79和B97的多元线性组合与...