辽河减压渣油中卟啉的分离和分析

采用溶剂萃取－紫外可见吸收光谱法对辽河减压渣油中的卟啉进行了分离和鉴定,结果指出,乙腈能有效地将镍卟啉从辽河减压渣油中萃取分离出来,对卟啉组分进行甲烷磺酸脱金属,所得游离卟啉在可光区4个吸收峰的强度特征,表明辽河减压渣油中的卟啉以初卟啉（ETIO）为主。     

四苯基卟啉镍的电子结构及光谱研究

本文用INDO/CI方法计算了中位取代四苯基镍卟啉的电子结构与光谱。分子轨道能级表明平面型和垂直型的基态最高占有π轨道(a_(1w)和a_(2w))与次高占有轨道间有较大的能隙。计算的低激发态跃迁光谱表明,最低能量跃迁Q带和B带计算值与实验值符合较好,但N带与L带计算值偏高。算出的最低(nπ~*)跃迁出现在37000 cm~(-1)左右。     

镍卟啉临氮和临氢反应行为的研究

通过高压连续微型反应装置,对镍-2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-八乙基卟啉(Ni-OEP)在氮气和氢气中的反应行为进行了研究,实验结果表明,镍卟啉在氮气中的稳定性非常高,只有在高温(500℃左右)下才发生分解;而在氢气中,镍卟啉的生经低,即使不存在催化剂,反应条件较为温和(温度不超过400℃,压力小于10MPa),也有相当一部分镍卟啉发生分发,脱除所配合物的金属;镍卟啉的临氢脱金属反应过程中分两步,第一步是卟啉分中一个吡咯环上的外环双键加氢生成镍卟酚,第二步镍卟酚分解,金属脱除.     

卟啉镍的电子结构及三阶非线性光学性质

用INDO/SDCI法研完了卟啉镍的电子结构、UV光谱和三阶非线性光学系数γ,发现该化合物中镍离子对γ的贡献很小,而卟啉环对γ的贡献则是主要的,且三阶非线性极化系数随配体共轭键数目的增加成指数增长.     

卟啉化合物与核酸的相互作用研究

本文综述了卟啉化合物与核酸相互作用时的结合模式、光谱方法和重要的应用研究, 并对该领域的研究前景作了展望。     

大庆减压渣油热转化前后镍分布的研究

大庆减压渣油在高压釜中 4 0 5℃、1h条件下进行热转化反应 ,对原料及热转化后尾油 (>5 0 0℃ )用正戊烷沉淀沥青质 ,再用含水 5 % (质量分数 )的氧化铝为吸附剂的色谱法将大庆减压渣油分离为六个组分 ,然后用硅胶色谱法对每个组分中的镍卟啉进行富集 ,并根据可见光谱加以测定。用原子吸收法测定了原料减压渣油、尾油及各组分的镍含量。研究结果表明 ,大庆减压渣油经过热转化后有近 5 0 %的渣油转化为气体和馏分油 ,并有少量的焦炭生成。大庆减压渣油无戊烷沥青质 ,其中的Ni主要集中在中胶、重胶及n C5沥青质中。在热转化尾油中 ,大部分的镍集中在中胶、重胶及戊烷沥青质中 ,卟啉镍主要集中在多环芳烃和轻胶质中 ,非卟啉镍主要集中在中胶、重胶和戊烷沥青质中。热转化对镍起到了脱除作用     

卟啉镍分子的激发态和反饱和吸收

用INDO/CI方法研究了卟啉镍分子的电子结构、紫外光谱、激发态,并从理论上指出卟啉镍分子存在反饱和吸收的微观机制.     

辽河减压渣油-正戊烷体系的相态变化特性

利用RUSKA公司无汞PVT装置,对辽河减压渣油-正戊烷体系的相行为进行了实验观察,测定了辽河渣油-正戊烷体系相态变化的边界线,如液-液相分界线、液-液-气三相区分界线等,绘制了体系的p-t相图;在140℃～190℃,1.0MPa～10.0MPa,溶剂质量比为3.0～6.0的条件下,对体系相特性的变化进行了分析和讨论。在实验条件下,辽河渣油-戊烷体系的p-t相图可以划分为四个区域:单一液相区、液-液两相区、液-液-气三相区、气-液两相区;溶剂质量比对由单一液相区转变为液-液两相分相压力的影响显著,溶剂质量比越大,分相压力越大;但溶剂质量比对液-液-气三相区影响不大。确定了辽河渣油-正戊烷体系溶剂脱沥青过程适宜的操作区域。     

两种水溶性镍（Ⅱ）卟啉轴向配位反应热力学参数的光谱法测定

两种水溶性镍（Ⅱ）卟啉轴向配位反应热力学参数的光谱法测定石双群１刘志贤１宋新芳２（河北师范大学化学系１科研处２石家庄０５００１６）据Ｐａｓｔｅｒｎａｃｋ报道［１］，由于水分子在Ｎｉ（Ⅱ）卟啉轴向的配位，ｍｅｓｏ－四（４－Ｎ－甲基吡啶基）卟啉合镍（Ⅱ）...     

几种对称镍卟啉配合物的合成、表征和电化学性质

卟啉试剂是一类重要的离子配位显色剂,在生物体中具有重要作用．作为自然界存在的金属卟啉之一,镍卟啉的电化学研究具有化学和生物学意义．四对羟基苯基卟啉合成已有不少报道［１,２］,但产率较低,只有１０％左右．Ｌｉｎｄｓｅｙ等发现用ＢＦ３作催化剂,在ＣＨ２Ｃ...     

Sol-Gel Preparation of α-Fe2O3 Thin Films: Structural Characterization by XAFS and Raman

Films of Fe2O3 have been prepared by two different sol-gel syntheses, starting from inorganic salts as precursors, Fe(NO3)3 · 9H2O or FeCl3 · 6H2O. Differences in the local order between the two preparations are investigated by XAFS (X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure) and Raman measurements.     

Recent Developments in the In Situ XAFS and Related Work for the Characterization of Catalysts in Japan

This short review deals with some recent XAFS (X-ray absorption fine structure) applications to catalysts in Japan. The high transmission ability of X rays makes it possible to carry out in situ work on catalysts. First, in situ XAFS works under flow and high-pressure reaction conditions will be described. The time-resolved XAFS work will be another important topic because it can provide the possibility of observing the change of the reaction active site and the reaction intermediate. Finally, PTRF-XAFS will be described, which is a unique technique and provides three-dimensional local structures of highly dispersed surface species.     

Heat Treatment Condition Influence on Novokuibyshevsk Vacuum Residue Component Composition

The article presents the information about thermal degradation of Novokuibyshevsk vacuum residue and change of products composition during this process. The optimal conditions for the thermal destruction of vacuum residue components were established. The regularities of material balance composition change, S_general were determined depending on cracking conditions. The basic directions of resin-asphaltene component transformations were identified, changes in their structural-group parameters in the process of initiated cracking were analyzed. Conducting of Novokuibyshevsk vacuum residue thermolysis leads to deep resins-asphaltenes average molecules structure characteristic changes. Developed alkyl and naphthenic moieties, which are presented in initial molecule, undergo degradation, amount of structural blocks in resins and asphaltenes molecules reduces, their average size decreases. Also the reduction in total content of the rings (saturated and aromatic) was established in average structural unit, at the same time decrease of rings substitution and length of the aliphatic fragments can be observed. In general the process of vacuum residue thermal cracking causes partial degradation of saturated (aliphatic and naphthenic) fragments and, partially, aromatic rings, which contain heteroatomic elements.     

Dynamics of Photoelectrons and Structural Changes of Tungsten Trioxide Observed by Femtosecond Transient XAFS

The dynamics of the local electronic and geometric structures of WO₃ following photoexcitation were studied by femtosecond time‐resolved X‐ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy using an X‐ray free electron laser (XFEL). We found that the electronic state was the first to change followed by the local structure, which was affected within 200 ps of photoexcitation.     

Aging Process Effects on the Characteristics of Vacuum Residue Oxidation Products with the Addition of Crumb Rubber

This paper considers the effect of aging processes on viscoelastic characteristics of vacuum residue oxidation products modified with crumb rubber. Viscoelastic properties were compared to original bitumen raw material-vacuum residue and vacuum residue oxidation products during short-term and long-term aging. The complex shear modulus of the vacuum residue and its oxidation products decreased with an increase in temperature. Short-term aging resulted in increased shear modulus for all samples.The vacuum residue oxidation product modified with crumb rubber had the maximum values of the rutting parameter and fatigue parameter. There was an expansion of the temperature range of plasticity: for the vacuum residue oxidation product with crumb rubber, its value was 67.2 °C. The curves of the black diagram of the modified vacuum residue oxidation product are shifted towards smaller phase angles with the increase in the shear modulus, which indicates the increase in the stiffness and elasticity of the rubber bitumen binders. The vacuum residue oxidation product modified with crumb rubber corresponded to the rubber bitumen binder of the grade RBB 60/90, according to its physical and mechanical indicators.     

辽河稠油减渣深度戊烷脱沥青的研究

以戊烷为溶剂,在脱沥青实验装置上对辽河稠油减渣进行梯级分离,得到轻脱油、重脱油和脱油沥青。在温度155℃~170℃、压力为4.0 MPa~7.0 MPa,考察了温度、压力变化对脱沥青油收率及性质的影响。用超临界萃取分馏的实验结果关联了脱沥青油残炭、N元素、Ni元素的脱除率。结果表明,压力升高、温度降低,脱沥青油收率增加,轻、重脱油的残炭值及S、N、Ni、V等元素含量升高,脱沥青油性质变差。在脱沥青油收率最高为74.23%时,Ca、Ni元素的脱除率分别为92.75%、74.50%;残炭的脱除率为62.13%;N、S元素的脱除率分别为40.17%、24.10%。超临界萃取馏分油的杂质脱除率与脱沥青油的杂质脱除率有较好的相关性。     

NMR和XAFS方法研究溶液中杯芳冠醚与碱金属离子配位化学

给出了1,3-二辛氧基杯[4]芳烃冠醚-6(25,27-bis-octyloxy-calix[4]arene-26,28-crown-6, BOC6)和杯[4]芳烃双冠醚-6(1,3-alternate biscrown-6, BisC6)晶体结构参数, 用NMR(CDCl₃作溶剂)和XAFS(X-ray absorption fine structure)方法研究了邻硝基苯甲醚(o-nitro-phenyl methyl ether, NPME)和正辛醇(n-octyl alcohol, OA)溶液中BOC6和BisC6与碱金属离子的配位行为. 结果表明: 铯离子的嵌入使得杯芳冠醚分子中冠醚链的对称性明显提高; 在溶液中,配合物分子中铯离子的配位数为7, 7个氧的配位是一种稳定结构.     

Quantitative XAFS/EELS analyses of nitrogen species in titanium oxide photocatalysts

With a view to rational designing of a highly functional visible-light TiO₂ photocatalyst, nitrogen atoms were doped into TiO₂ samples by an ion implantation technique which enables to control the depth and concentration of dopants. Although the absorbance in the visible-light region of the sample increased by the nitrogen doping, photocatalytic activity of the sample was not directly connected with the photo-absorbance. The N K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectrum of the photocatalytic active sample (A-cat) showed a characteristic double peak at 398 and 401 eV, and the XANES spectrum of the inactive sample (I-cat) a distinct single peak around 401 eV. These features of the XANES spectra were well reproduced by theoretical simulations based on the model where an O atom in TiO₂ was replaced by N ((N)s) for A-cat, and that of quasi NO₂ molecule ((NO₂)s) for I-cat. Therefore, we have concluded that the nitrogen atom occupying the oxygen site of TiO₂ is photocatalytic active species effective for visible light photocatalysis. In addition, the quantitative XANES/ELNES analysis has revealed that the photo-absorbance ratio of I-cat to A-cat corresponds well to the ratio of total doped nitrogen concentration rather than photocatalytic active nitrogen ((N)s) concentration. This result indicates that not only (N)s but also (NO₂)s also absorb the visible light. Thus, the absorbance in the visible-light region is not necessarily an indication of the visible-light response of a photocatalyst.