高密度、长波长InGaAs量子点材料的制备与表征

利用MOCVD外延生长技术, 对InAs/GaAs量子点材料的生长参数进行调节, 获得了高密度(~5×1010 cm^-2)的InAs量子点. 室温荧光光谱表明, 覆盖厚度为5 nm的InGaAs(In组分的摩尔分数为12%)低应变层量子点材料的基态发光波长为1.346 μm, 光谱线宽为24 meV. 研究结果表明, 利用较低温度生长InAs量子点, 结合较高In组分的InGaAs低应变层量子点材料可以实现发光波长红移, 有效地改善材料的光学特性.     

多孔硅表面钝化对其发光性能的影响

报道多孔硅（PS）的表面钝化对其光致发光（PL）和电致发光（EL）的影响。PL和EL谱表明,经钝化处理的PS的PL和EL强度明显增强,且发光峰位较大蓝移;存放实验表明,经钝化处理的PS的PL和EL发光强度和发光峰位具有较好的稳定性;I～V曲线显示,经钝化处理的PS发光器件具有较低的启动电压。这些结果表明：用钝化处理的方法是提高PS的PL和EL强度和稳定性及改善其器件性能的有效途径。     

Effect of film thickness controlled by ink‐jet printing method on the optical properties of an electroluminescent polymer

Ink‐jet printing (IJP) represents a highly promising liquid processed polymer deposition method for the film preparation of functional polymers in photo‐electronic devices. In this report, the results on the IJP of a fluorene‐based electroluminescent polymer, poly(9,9‐dihexylfluorene‐alt‐2,5‐dioctyloxybenzene) (PF6OC8), from a piezoelectric droplet generator are presented. The polymer film thickness has been found to show an approximate linear relation with the number of droplets per unit area; it is thus convenient to control the film thickness by the space of printed dots in IJP process. In comparison, spin coating approach is also used to prepare polymer films with different thicknesses by varying solution concentration and spinning speed. However, it is found that spin coating is difficult to control the film thickness quantitatively. The influence of film thickness on the photoluminescence (PL) properties of PF6OC8 films prepared by IJP and spin coating is comparatively investigated. For both ink‐jet printed and spin coated films, the intensity of PL spectra first increases and then decreases with increase in the film thickness, probably due to the exciton quenching in thicker films. When the polymer film thickness is at nanoscale, the major peak in the PL spectrum is the 0–0 vibronic emission at about 420 nm, and with increase in the film thickness, the 0–1 vibronic peak at about 440 nm becomes dominant. The red‐shifted PL spectra with increase in film thickness show the change from the 2D exciton state to the 3D one. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Ensemble Effects in the Temperature-Dependent Photoluminescence of Silicon Nanocrystals

In this work the temperature-dependent photoluminescence of alkyl-capped silicon nanocrystals with mean diameters of between 3 and 9 nm has been investigated. The nanocrystals were characterized extensively by FTIR, TEM, powder XRD, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy prior to low-temperature and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy experiments. The photoluminescence (PL) properties were evaluated in the temperature range of 41–300 K. We found that the well-known temperature-dependent blueshift of the PL maximum decreases with increasing nanocrystal diameter and eventually becomes a redshift for nanocrystal diameters larger than 6 nm. This implies that the observed shifts cannot be explained solely by band-gap widening, as is commonly assumed. We propose that the luminescence of drop-cast silicon nanocrystals is affected by particle ensemble effects, which can explain the otherwise surprising temperature dependence of the luminescence peak.     

Temperature study of Raman, FT-IR and photoluminescence spectra of ZnPc thin layers on Si substrate

The temperature study of zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) thin layers deposited on (0 0 1) Si substrate using Raman, FT-IR absorption and photoluminescence (PL) methods are reported. The Raman scattering spectra of ZnPc layers were investigated in the spectral range 1250–1650 cm⁻¹ and in the temperature range 100–500 K. The changes of spectral parameters such as the band position, integrated intensity and full width at half maximum (FWHM) of selected Raman modes while heating and cooling processes have been determined. The fast decrease of the frequency and the intensity of these modes observed with the increase of the temperature above 420 K, can be probably caused by the change of crystalline form of ZnPc thin layer. The FT-IR measurements have been performed in the temperature range 98–523 K. Our study allowed us to estimate the orientation of the molecular plane similar to these of CuPc thin films deposited on Si substrate. The Raman spectra have been compared with FT-IR spectra of ZnPc molecules in KBr pellets and thin layers of ZnPc on (0 0 1) Si substrate. The PL spectra of ZnPc layers were measured in the spectral range 350–1200 nm and in the temperature range 13–320 K. With increasing temperature from 13 to 175 K we observed the increase of PL bands at 1.76 and 1.85 eV which disappear reaching temperature above 200 K.     

Colloidal CsPbBr3 Perovskite Nanocrystals: Luminescence beyond Traditional Quantum Dots

Traditional CdSe‐based colloidal quantum dots (cQDs) have interesting photoluminescence (PL) properties. Herein we highlight the advantages in both ensemble and single‐nanocrystal PL of colloidal CsPbBr₃ nanocrystals (NCs) over the traditional cQDs. An ensemble of colloidal CsPbBr₃ NCs (11 nm) exhibits ca. 90 % PL quantum yield with narrow (FWHM=86 meV) spectral width. Interestingly, the spectral width of a single‐NC and an ensemble are almost identical, ruling out the problem of size‐distribution in PL broadening. Eliminating this problem leads to a negligible influence of self‐absorption and Förster resonance energy transfer, along with batch‐to‐batch reproducibility of NCs exhibiting PL peaks within ±1 nm. Also, PL peak positions do not alter with measurement temperature in the range of 25 to 100 °C. Importantly, CsPbBr₃ NCs exhibit suppressed PL blinking with ca. 90 % of the individual NCs remain mostly emissive (on‐time >85 %), without much influence of excitation power.     

Fabrication and photoluminescent properties of heteroepitaxial ZnO/Zn0.8Mg0.2O coaxial nanorod heterostructures

ZnO/Zn0.8Mg0.2O coaxial nanorod heterostructures were prepared by employing catalyst-free metal-organic vapor-phase epitaxy, and their structural and photoluminescent (PL) properties were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and temperature-dependent PL spectroscopy. TEM images show that ZnO/Zn0.8Mg0.2O layers were epitaxially grown on the entire surfaces of the ZnO nanorods and the ZnO nanorod diameters as a core material were as small as 9 +/- 2 nm. A dominant PL peak was observed at 3.316 eV, from room-temperature PL spectra of ZnO/Zn0.8Mg0.2O coaxial nanorod heterostructures with ZnO core diameters of 9 nm, indicating a PL blue shift of 30 meV, which resulted from a quantum confinement effect along the radial direction in ZnO nanorods. Furthermore, temperature-dependent PL properties of the coaxial nanorod heterostructures were investigated, showing much higher PL intensity for the coaxial nanorod heterostructures than that of bare ZnO nanorods at room temperature. The origin of the enhanced PL intensity and reduced thermal quenching for the coaxial nanorod heterostructures is also discussed.     

Heterogeneous dynamics and dynamic heterogeneities at the glass transition probed with single molecule spectroscopy

We studied the temperature dependence of the structural relaxation in poly(vinyl acetate) near the glass transition temperature with single molecule spectroscopy from Tg-1 K to Tg+12 K. The temperature dependence of the observed relaxation times matches results from bulk experiments; the observed relaxation times are, however, 80-fold slower than those from bulk experiments at the same temperature. We attribute this factor to the size of the probe molecule. The individual relaxation times of the single molecule environments are distributed normally on a logarithmic time scale, confirming that the dynamics in poly(vinyl acetate) is heterogeneous. The width of the distribution of individual relaxation times is essentially independent of temperature. The observed full width at half maximum (FWHM) on a logarithmic time axis is approximately 0.7, corresponding to a factor of about 5-fold, significantly narrower than the dielectric spectrum of the same material with a FWHM of about 2.0 on a logarithmic time axis, corresponding to a factor of about 100-fold. We explain this narrow width as the effect of temporal averaging of single molecule fluorescence signals over numerous environments due to a limited lifetime of the probed heterogeneities, indicating that heterogeneities are dynamic. We determine a loose upper limit for the ratio of the structural relaxation time to the lifetime of the heterogeneities (the rate memory parameter) of Q<80 for the range of investigated temperatures.     

高多孔度多孔硅自支撑膜的制备与表征

发光多孔硅由于在光电子学方面的应用前景而引起人们极大的关注[1]．最近多孔硅发光二极管的研究方面取得了重大进展[2]。但是，有关多孔硅的发光机制仍然存在着争论[1，3，4]，利由于消除了单晶硅衬底的影响，对脱离了硅衬底的多孔硅自支撑膜能够进行普通多孔硅所不能进行的一     

Optical properties of ZnO and ZnO:In nanorods assembled by sol-gel method

Self-assembled zinc oxide (ZnO) and indium-doping zinc oxide (ZnO:In) nanorod thin films were synthesized on quartz substrates without catalyst in aqueous solution by sol-gel method. The samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Raman-scattering spectroscopy, room-temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectra, and temperature-dependent PL spectra measurements. XRD and Raman spectra illustrated that there were no single In2O3 phase in ZnO lattice after indium doping. The PL spectra of ZnO showed a strong UV emission band located at 394 nm and a very weak visible emission associated with deep-level defects. Indium incorporation induced the shift of optical band gap, quenching of the near-band-edge photoluminescence and enhanced LO mode multiphonon resonant Raman scattering in ZnO crystals at different temperatures. Abnormal temperature dependence of UV emission integrated intensity of ZnO and ZnO:In samples is observed. The local state emission peak of ZnO:In samples at 3.37 eV is observed in low-temperature PL spectra. The near-band-edge emission peak at room temperature was a mixture of excitons and impurity-related transitions for both of two samples.     

Photoreflectance investigation of exciton-acoustic phonon scattering in GaN grown by MOVPE

In this paper, we report a systematic investigation of the near band edge (NBE) excitonic states in GaN using low temperature photoluminescence (PL) and photoreflectance (PR) measurements. For this purpose, GaN films of different thicknesses have been grown on silicon nitride (SiN) treated c-plane sapphire substrates by atmospheric pressure metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE). Low temperature PR spectra exhibit well-defined spectral features related to the A, B and C free excitons denoted by FX_A FX_B and FX_C, respectively. In contrast, PL spectra are essentially dominated by the A free and donor bound excitons. By combining PR spectra and Hall measurements a strong correlation between residual electron concentration and exciton linewidths is observed. From the temperature dependence of the excitonic linewidths, the exciton-acoustic phonon coupling constant is determined for FX_A, FX_B and FX_C. We show that this coupling constant is strongly related to the exciton kinetic energy and to the strain level.     

CdS量子点的一步法合成及量子产率

以油酸为配体,十八烯为溶剂,采用一步法合成了CdS量子点,研究了反应温度、反应时间和Cd/S的摩尔比对量子点光谱性能的影响.X射线衍射(XRD)和高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)测试结果表明,所获得的CdS量子点为立方闪锌矿结构,且尺寸分布均一,结晶度高,其较强的带边发光、尖锐的紫外吸收峰以及狭窄的荧光发射峰进一步表明量子...     

Evolution of thermal disorder in the absorption and Raman spectra of all-trans-β-carotene

The temperature-dependent visible absorption and resonant Raman spectra of all-trans-β-carotene extremely diluted in dimethyl sulfoxide are investigated to clarify the effects of temperature on conjugated polyenes. The visible absorption and Raman spectra are found to blueshift with increasing temperature. The blueshift in polyenes is attributed to the decrease in the liquid density and the concomitant decrease in the refractive index by the Lorentz–Lorenz relation. We demonstrate that visible absorption is reproduced well by simple Franck–Condon analysis using a single Huang–Rhys factor over a temperature range. The analysis reveals features of temperature dependence in terms of important spectral parameters, such as line width, Raman scattering cross section and Huang–Rhys factor.     

Structural and Photoluminescence Behaviors of Nano-Structure Thin Film and Bulk Silica Gel Derived Glasses

Nano-structure bulk and thin film silica gel derived glasses were prepared by sol-gel technique. Both samples were derived from the same precursor and subjected to the same heat-treatment regime. Structural information about prepared samples are obtained by analyzing the XRD patterns and TEM micrographs. The bulk samples phase changes from amorphous to -crystoballite at higher temperature (1300°C) than that in the thin film (500°C). The crystallite size depends to a large extent on the heat-treatment temperature. Bulk sample heat treated at 1400°C was as small as 10.4 nm. Thin film samples show higher response to heat-treatment temperature than the bulk samples, where the film is denser, has smaller pores and seems more homogeneous at lower temperature than bulk sample as revealed by SEM. The observed Raman spectra for bulk and thin film samples are in accordance with that of the -crystoballite. The Raman peak intensity is higher for thin film than bulk samples. The photoluminescence PL measurements for bulk samples show a broad intense peak at 532 nm combined with three weak peaks at longer wavelength 587, 635 and 666 nm. The PL peak intensity shows a reasonable decrease with increasing the heat-treatment temperature while the peak position shifted slightly to a lower wavelength. While the thin film samples show a unique peak at wavelength = 523 nm. The appearance of PL bands are interpreted on the light of non-bridged oxygen hole center as well as the structure defects.     

Photoluminescence and Raman scattering of ZnO nanorods

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods were synthesized by a simple microemulsion method. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra at room temperature were measured. The strong UV excitonic emission indicates the good optical properties, and the weak deep-level emission reveals very limited structural defects in the crystals. The multiple peaks in the PL spectrum obtained at 15 K are assigned to the donor-bound exciton (DBE), free to bound transition (FB) and FB–LO phonon replicas. The temperature dependence of energy, intensity, and linewidth of each emission band confirms the effect of thermal ionization progress of excitons and nonradiative recombination activated thermally. The nonresonant Raman scattering spectra at room temperature were excited by He–Ne laser (wavelength ～632.8 nm). The perfect wurtzite structure in ZnO nanorods has been verified by the intense E₂ modes, which include low and high frequency vibrations. The possible reasons for the red shift and broadening of vibration modes were studied by the resonant Raman scattering spectra at room temperature. The power-dependence of Raman shift and FWHM shows the laser irradiation effect on the vibrational modes.     

Optical properties of pentacene and perfluoropentacene thin films

The optical properties of pentacene (PEN) and perfluoropentacene (PFP) thin films on various SiO(2) substrates were studied using variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry. Structural characterization was performed using x-ray reflectivity and atomic force microscopy. A uniaxial model with the optic axis normal to the sample surface was used to analyze the ellipsometry data. A strong optical anisotropy was observed, and enabled the direction of the transition dipole of the absorption bands to be determined. Furthermore, comparison of the optical constants of PEN and PFP thin films with the absorption spectra of the monomers in solution shows significant changes due to the crystalline environment. Relative to the monomer spectrum, the highest occupied molecular orbital to lowest unoccupied molecular orbital transition observed in PEN (PFP) thin film is reduced by 210 meV (280 meV). A second absorption band in the PFP thin film shows a slight blueshift (40 meV) compared to the spectrum of the monomer with its transition dipole perpendicular to that of the first absorption band.     

Physisorption of molecular oxygen on C60 thin films

The interaction of oxygen molecules with a fullerene surface has been studied using high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy and temperature programmed desorption. Vibrational excitation of the adsorbed oxygen is observed at 190 meV, an energy value comparable with that for molecular oxygen in the gas phase. We take this to indicate physisorption of molecular oxygen on the C(60) surface. Thermal desorption results also show that the bonding of oxygen molecules to the C(60) overlayer is comparable to that on a graphite surface. A detailed study of the energy dependence of the vibrational excitation reveals an inelastic electron resonance scattering process. The angular dependence of the resonant vibrational excitation exhibits features distinctively different from those for molecular oxygen physisorbed on the related graphite surface, at a comparable coverage. One possible reason is that the corrugated surface potential, due to the curvature of the C(60) molecules, promotes the preferential ordering of the physisorbed oxygen molecules perpendicular to the surface plane of the C(60) overlayer.     

ZnO-latex hybrids obtained by polymer-controlled crystallization: a spectroscopic investigation

Micro- and submicrosized ZnO-polymer hybrid materials were synthesized by precipitating zinc oxide from an aqueous medium in the presence of poly(styrene-acrylic acid) latex nanoparticles, prepared by miniemulsion polymerization. Up to 10 wt % of the latex becomes incorporated into the crystals. Although the long-range order of the inorganic material is essentially not altered by the polymer, studies by photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) show that the latex particles influence the optical and paramagnetic properties of the hybrids, which can be correlated with changes in the defect structure. Typical PL emission spectra showed a narrow UV peak and a defect-related broad band in the green-yellow spectral region. The former emission is attributed to exciton recombination, whereas the latter seems to be related with deep-level donors. Latex acts as a quencher of the visible emission, and compared to pure ZnO, ZnO-latex hybrids show a significantly lower PL intensity in the visible range. A noticeable dynamic behavior of the PL, clearly more remarkable in the presence of latex, was observed, and it is explained in terms of photodesorption of oxygen adsorbed at surface positions. EPR provided additional information about crystal defects and species with unpaired electrons. All EPR spectra showed a single signal at g approximately 1.96, whose intensity and temperature dependence did not correlate with those of the PL visible band. These findings indicate that the green-yellow emission and the EPR signal of our samples have a different physical origins.     

A mechanistic approach on the self-organization of the two-component thermoreversible hydrogel of riboflavin and melamine

The riboflavin (R) and melamine (M) supramolecular complex in the mole ratio of 3:1 (RM31) produces a thermoreversible gel in aqueous medium. The gelation mechanism has been elucidated from morphological investigations using optical, electron, and atomic force microscopy together with time-dependent circular dichroism (CD) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Optical microscopy indicates spherulitic morphology at lower gelation temperature (相似文献   

退火温度对PLD法制备ZnO:Eu3+,Li+薄膜结构和发光性质的影响

采用脉冲激光沉积(PLD)法在Si(111)衬底上制备了Eu3+,Li+共掺杂的ZnO薄膜,分别在450,500,550和600℃条件下进行退火,退火气氛为真空。利用X射线衍射(XRD)仪和荧光分光光度计研究了退火温度对薄膜结构和光致发光(PL)的影响。研究结果表明,Eu3+,Li+共掺杂的ZnO薄膜具有c轴择优取向,Eu3+,Li+没有单独形成结晶的氧化物,均以离子形式掺入ZnO晶格中。PL谱中有较宽的ZnO基质缺陷发光,ZnO基质与稀土Eu3+之间存在能量传递,但没有有效的能量传递。随着退火温度的增加,薄膜发光先增强后减弱,退火温度为550℃时发光最强。当用395 nm的激发光激发样品时,仅观察到稀土Eu3+在594 nm附近的特征发光峰,但发光强度随退火温度变化不明显。