钨离子团簇与N2分子的反应性

利用激光蒸发团簇源产生Wn团簇束,团簇束通过一个充有N2气体分 子的低压反应池,利用飞行时间质谱探测反应产物,在类单次碰撞条件下研究了W+10 -W+50和N2分子的反应性,在室温条件下测量了N2分子与W+n团簇反应的 反应几率。团簇尺寸在10～26原子的团簇与N2分子的反应几率与团簇尺寸有很强的相关性 ,对n=16,22,23的团簇具有比较高的反应性。W+n与N2分子的反应性与Wn与N 2分子的反应性显示出相似的规律性。     

自由钨团簇与氮分子反应性的尺寸相关性

用激光蒸发团簇源产生Wn团簇束 ,团簇通过一个充有N2 气体分子的低压反应池 ,利用飞行时间质谱探测反应产物 ,在单次碰撞条件下研究了W+ 10 —W+ 50 和N2 分子的反应性 ,在室温条件下测量了N2 分子与W+ n 团簇反应的反应几率 .n =10— 2 6的团簇与N2 分子的反应几率与团簇尺寸有很强的相关性 ,n =16 ,2 2 ,2 3的团簇有较高的反应性 .W+ n 与N2 分子的反应性与Wn与N2 分子的反应性显示出相似的规律性. A beam of tungsten clusters, seeded in He gas, is produced in a pulsed laser vaporization source. We have studied the size-dependent reactivity of positive tungsten cluster ions with N 2 under single-collision conditions by using laser-vaporization source, low-pressure reaction cell and time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The reaction probability with N 2 molecule was measured as a function of cluster size, W + 10-W + 50, for clusters produced at room temperature...     

A1等离子体与甲醇团簇的反应

利用激光烧蚀-分子束法(LA-MB)对激光烧蚀金属铝靶产生的Al等离子体与脉冲分子束超声膨胀产生的(CH3OH)n团簇在气相条件下的反应进行了研究.烧蚀激光相对于脉冲分子束之间的延时不同,观测到团簇离子序列及团簇尺寸的变化,反映出脉冲分子束状态对反应条件及激光烧蚀等离子体状态的影响.在激光烧蚀发生于脉冲分子束的前段,主要反应产物为Al (CH3OH)n,但团簇尺寸较小;在烧蚀发生于脉冲分子束的中段,主要产物为H (CH3OH)n,团簇尺寸增大,强度减弱;在烧蚀发生于脉冲分子束的后段,观测到尺寸更大的水合质子化团簇H (H2O)m(CH3OH)n.结合团簇离子速度分布的特征,对团簇的产生机理进行了讨论.     

密度泛函理论的不同方法研究小钨团簇的结构与稳定性

分别利用密度泛函理论的LSDA方法和B3LYP 方法在有效核势基组(LanL2DZ)水平上系统地研究了Wn(n=2-14)团簇的结构和稳定性.Wn(n=2-14)团簇全局能量最小的最稳定结构被确定.结果表明:在所讨论的尺寸范围内,LSDA方法比B3LYP 方法得到的平均结合能与一阶能量差分高;大部分Wn(n=2-14) 团簇在两种方法计算下具有相同的几何结构.两种方法计算结果均表明:除了W3自旋多重度为3重态外,其余尺寸团簇的自旋多重度均为单重态;n=7的最低能量结构为双戴帽五边环,而非正十面体,n=8-10为笼型结构,n=11-14为扁长型结构.综合平均结合能、一阶能量差分和二阶能量差分,两种计算方法均表明Wn(n=2-14)团簇具有相同的幻数序列(2,6,9 和 13).     

密度泛函理论的不同方法研究小钨团簇的结构与稳定性

分别利用密度泛函理论的LSDA方法 和B3LYP 方法在有效核势基组(LanL2DZ)水平上系统地研究了Wn(n=2―14)团簇的结构和稳定性. Wn(n=2―14)团簇全局能量最小的最稳定结构被确定. 结果表明：在所讨论的尺寸范围内,LSDA方法比B3LYP 方法得到的平均结合能与一阶能量差分高;大部分Wn团簇在两种方法计算下具有相同的几何结构. 两种方法计算结果均表明：除了W3自旋多重度为3重态外,其余尺寸团簇的自旋多重度均为单重态; n=7的最低能量结构为双戴帽五边环,而非正十面体,n=8—10为笼型结构,n=11—14为扁长型结构. 综合平均结合能、一阶能量差分和二阶能量差分,两种计算方法均表明Wn(n=2―14)团簇具有相同的幻数序列(2, 6, 9 和 13).     

重金属小团簇Wn(n=2-7)磁性的第一原理计算

使用自旋极化的密度泛函理论下的第一原理方法,对重金属钨的小团簇Wn（n = 2-7）的结构特性和磁性进行了理论计算。结果表明：团簇的结合能随着团簇中原子数的增加而增大;虽然W的体材料不具有磁性,但是W的一些小团簇可以表现出磁性,如W3、W4和W7,其磁矩均为2μB;通过能级图我们分析了Wn 团簇磁矩的变化情况。此外,还分析了Wn团簇的磁矩,结合能,能量的一阶和二阶差分随原子数n的变化,讨论了最稳定团簇W4的电子结构和电荷密度。     

激光溅射Ni等离子体与气相CH3OH团簇的反应

用激光溅射 分子束技术研究了气相中Ni的等离子体与甲醇分子团簇的反应 .观察到Ni+ (CH3 OH) n、NiO+ (CH3 OH) n、H+ (CH3 OH) n、H3 O+ (CH3 OH) n 四个种类的团簇正离子和CH3 O-(CH3 OH) n(n≤ 2 5 )一种团簇负离子 .详细考察了激光烧蚀等离子体作用于脉冲分子束的不同位置时 ,对团簇产物种类和团簇尺寸大小的影响 .发现NiO+ (CH3 OH) n 是由Ni+ (CH3 OH) n 团簇内的脱甲烷反应生成的 ,而H+ (CH3 OH) n、H3 O+ (CH3 OH) n主要是激光等离子体中的电子与甲醇团簇碰撞电离产生的     

激光溅射Cu等离子体与气相CH3CN团簇的反应

用激光溅射 -分子束技术研究了Cu等离子体与乙腈团簇的气相反应 .观察到Cu+ (CH3 CN) n、CH2 CN+ (CH3 CN) n、H+ (CH3 CN) n 和CH3 CHCN+ (CH3 CN) n 四个种类的团簇离子 .考察了等离子体作用于脉冲分子束的不同位置 ,对团簇产物的种类和尺寸大小的影响 .实验结果表明 ,Cu+ (CH3 CN) n 是由Cu+ 与乙腈团簇直接缔合而成 ,CH2 CN+ (CH3 CN) n、H+ (CH3 CN) n 主要是激光等离子体中的电子与乙腈团簇碰撞电离产生的 ,而CH3 CHCN+ (CH3 CN) n 是由乙腈团簇离子内的离子 分子反应生成的 .     

激光作用下甲醇团簇多光子电离质谱研究

YAG脉冲激光的三倍频输出(355 nm)3光子共振电离由脉冲分子束超声膨胀产生的甲醇团簇,观测到质子化的团簇离子序列(CH3OH)nH (n=1~15),其中n=1~3的团簇离子强度明显大于其他尺寸的团簇离子,而n>3的强度随n的增大依次减小,且这种强度分布特征与电离激光相对于脉冲分子束的延时无关,同时对团簇离子的产生受实验条件的影响作了探讨。结合密度泛函密度泛函理论中的B3LYP杂化方法加6-31G 基组水平上的计算,推测了质子化甲醇离子的结构及稳定性,并讨论了甲醇团簇电离后的质子转移反应生成质子化团簇的机理。而对于另一个水合质子化团簇序列H (H2O)(CH3OH)n,由于溶剂化的影响只在较大尺寸时才出现。     

小尺寸金属钨团簇的密度泛函研究

在相对论原子实势(RECP)近似下,采用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法对Wn(n=2~7)团簇进行优化,得出稳定的平衡几何结构。并计算了垂直电离能,最高占据轨道(HOMO)与最低非占据轨道(LOMO)之间的能隙。得出小尺寸金属钨团簇失去电子的能力随原子个数的增加而增大,W3的稳定性最好的结论。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.