Selective benzylation of toluene over tungsten promoted ceria catalysts prepared by a “pseudo-template” method

Summary High surface area ceria was prepared by a pseudo-template method and doped with tungsten and sulfate ions. The modified systems were found to catalyze the liquid phase Friedel-Crafts benzylation of toluene using benzyl chloride efficiently with high selectivity towards monoalkylated product. The catalyst systems were characterized by XRD, surface area and pore volume measurements. Acid structural properties were obtained from temperature programmed desorption of ammonia.     

硅改性密封剂的进展

简要地回顾了硅改性聚醚和硅改性聚氨酯密封剂的出现和发展 ,对硅改性聚醚和硅改性聚氨酯的制备作了简要的介绍 ,并对硅改性密封剂的配方、性能和应用作了进一步阐述。     

An Overview of Modified Chitosan Adsorbents for the Removal of Precious Metals Species from Aqueous Media

This mini-review provides coverage of chitosan-based adsorbents and their modified forms as sustainable solid-phase extraction (SPE) materials for precious metal ions, such as gold species, and their complexes in aqueous media. Modified forms of chitosan-based adsorbents range from surface-functionalized systems to biomaterial composites that contain inorganic or other nanomaterial components. An overview of the SPE conditions such as pH, temperature, contact time, and adsorbent dosage was carried out to outline how these factors affect the efficiency of the sorption process, with an emphasis on gold species. This review provides insight into the structure-property relationships for chitinaceous adsorbents and their metal-ion removal mechanism in aqueous media. Cross-linked chitosan sorbents showed a maximum for Au(III) uptake capacity (600 mg/g), while S-containing cross-linked chitosan display favourable selectivity and uptake capacity with Au(III) species. Compared to industrial adsorbents such as activated carbon, modified chitosan sorbents display favourable uptake of Au(III) species, especially in aqueous media at low pH. In turn, this contribution is intended to catalyze further research directed at the rational design of tailored SPE materials that employ biopolymer scaffolds to yield improved uptake properties of precious metal species in aqueous systems. The controlled removal of gold and precious metal species from aqueous media is highly relevant to sustainable industrial processes and environmental remediation.     

高稳定性普鲁士蓝修饰电极的制备和研究

采用恒电流电解方法,使用FeCl_3-K_3Fe(CN)_6和Fe~(?)L_(?) -K_3Fe(CN)_6(L,邻菲绕啉,EDTA,5-磺基水杨酸等)两体系,在玻碳和铂基体上均制得高稳定性普鲁士蓝膜。用循环伏安法在lmol·dm~(-3)KCl(pH4)溶液中,重点地在0.6--1.1V(vs.Ag/AgCl)区间研究了膜的电化学稳定性。在玻碳基体上FeCl_3,-K_3Fe(CN)_6和Pe~(?)·L_(?) -K_3Fe(CN)_6体系电积膜分别可经受10~(?)周和2×10~(?)周扫描。在铂基体上则可分别经受2×10~(?)和7×10~(?)周扫描。红外和X-射线衍射证明两体系制得的膜均为普鲁士蓝膜,稳定性的明显差异是由于普鲁士蓝晶粒度的不同和在基体表面的相对取向不同引起的。对影响膜的稳定性的因素作了较系统的研究。     

光沉积法合成纳米金属Pd负载的MCM-TiO2及其光催化性质研究

用光沉积方法由PdCl₄^2-和Ti修饰的MCM-41合成了纳米钯团簇Pd/MCM-TiO₂,用XPS,N₂吸脱附等温线,UV-Vis和Raman光谱对其结构进行了表征.将该团簇用于苯酚的光降解和Cr(Ⅵ)还原为Cr(Ⅲ)的反应中,表现出较高的光催化活性.     

SELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF DIMETHYLAMINE OVER RARE EARTH MODIFIED MORDENITES

研究了稀土（Ｃｅ、Ｇｄ和Ｙ）改性丝光沸石用作甲醇胺化催化剂在常压固定床反应器中选择性合成二甲胺的催化性能。结果表明，稀土阳离子交换改性能改善丝光沸石的催化性能。丝光沸石经０．１ｍｏｌ／ＬＣｅ４＋溶液处理，与膨润土成型，再于６００℃下焙烧２～３ｈ，这样制得的催化剂在常压４００℃时的活性及二甲胺选择性分别达到９９．８％和５０．３％。此外，详细探讨了不同改性及制备条件对催化剂催化性能及机械强度的影响。     

Alkali metal ion conductors based on sulfonated poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide)

To obtain thermally stable and mechanically strong sodium and lithium conducting polymers, we prepared Na⁺ and Li⁺ poly(phenylene terephthalamide sulfonate salts) (MW ～ 5500). We also synthesized oligo(ethylene oxide) (3, 5, or 7 units of ethylene oxide) substituted ethylene carbonate and poly[oxymethylene-oligo(oxyethylene)]. These are high boiling point liquids with high dielectric constants as well as metal chelating properties. Polyelectrolyte systems were prepared by mixing Na⁺ or Li⁺ poly(phenylene terephthalamide sulfonate) salts with various amounts of modified ethylene carbonate and/or poly[oxymethylene-oligo(oxyethylene)]. Films (0.1–0.5 mm thick) obtained from the blends were found to have considerable mechanical strength; forming free standing films. The ionic conductivities of the Na⁺ and Li⁺ polyelectrolyte systems were 10^?6?10^?5 S/cm at 25°C. Thermal properties of these blend systems were investigated in detail. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

氟化聚氨酯的合成和表征

综述了各种不同结构的氟化聚醚《型和氟化聚酯型聚氨酯的合成并对产物的化学性能进行了描述。对各种表征方法的结果讨论表明,由于结构的特殊性,氟化聚氨酯有其不同于非氟化聚氨酯的特性。     

丙烯酸改性松香双季胺盐阳离子表面活性剂的结构与性能

研究了以丙烯酸改性松香为原料合成新型丙烯酸改性松香双季胺盐型阳离子表面活性剂的工艺,测定了它们的理化性质和表面性能,诸如含水量、含N量、阳离子活性物含量、Krafft点、表面张力、乳化力、泡沫力及泡沫稳定性等,表明它们具有良好的表面活性,并对其进行了红外光谱表征。     

Electroanalytical Applications of Microporous Zeolites and Mesoporous (Organo)Silicas: Recent Trends

Microporous zeolites and ordered mesoporous (organo)silicas have been widely used as electrode modifiers because of their attractive properties (ion exchange and size selectivity of zeolites, well ordered nanoreactors containing a high number of widely accessible active centers in mesoporous (organo)silicas). These properties have been intelligently combined to selected redox processes to improve the response of the resulting modified electrodes or to design novel electrochemical detection schemes. This up‐to‐date review provides the recent advances made in the electroanalytical applications of zeolite modified electrodes and discusses the interest of ordered mesoporous (organo)silica materials in electroanalysis.     

DCLR与TLA共混改性沥青的性能对比

以SK-90沥青为基质沥青,分别加入相同掺量(与沥青质量比为5%、10%、15%和20%)的DCLR和TLA,利用SHRP PG、针入度分级体系、红外光谱仪和凝胶色谱仪对比分析DCLR和TLA共混改性沥青的宏观性能和微观结构的变化。结果表明,DCLR和TLA的加入均可以改善沥青的高温性能,但对沥青的低温性能和疲劳性能产生一定的不利影响。同时,根据DCLR和TLA共混改性沥青的官能团和分子量分布的变化可以判断DCLR和TLA对沥青的改性作用主要为物理改性,在某种程度上,DCLR不能完全替代TLA。     

Physicochemical properties of cross-linked and acetylated starches and products of their hydrolysis in continuous recycle membrane reactor

The aim of the present work was to study the physicochemical properties of doubly modified, by cross-linking and acetylating, starches as well as the products of their enzymatic hydrolysis. A two step procedure of hydrolysis, including the batch and membrane reactors, were investigated. The second step of enzymatic processes were carried out in a continuous recycle membrane reactor (CRMR). Three kinds of commercial starches – two preparations of acetylated distarch adipate E1422 of different degrees of cross-linking, as well as one preparation of acetylated distarch phosphate E1414 were examined. It was found that the degree of substitution of acetyl groups in the macromolecules of starch did not influence the effectiveness of hydrolysis. However, the degree of cross-linking with adipate groups slightly decreased the efficiency of processing in the CRMR. Additionally, the relationship between the type of hydrocolloid and its adsorption activity in the air/water and oil/water systems was considered. All obtained derivatives revealed adsorption properties and reduced the surface/interface tension in the air/water and oil/water systems. The efficiency and effectiveness of adsorption of the investigated hydrocolloids were affected by the type of modification as well as the degree of substitution of acetyl groups in the macromolecules of starch. Particle size distributions formed in aqueous solutions for all investigated hydrolyses were determined and compared with results obtained for commercial products.     

共沸蒸馏法制备表面化学改性氢氧化镁纳米颗粒

首次将表面改性剂如硬脂酸、硬脂酸锌或稀土偶联剂加入到传统的共沸蒸馏体系中,使Mg(OH)2纳米颗粒的表面改性和干燥过程同时完成。 通过 XRD、TEM、FT-IR、TG和CAM（接触角测试）等技术手段对样品的结构、形貌和性质进行了表征。 结果表明,表面改性剂不但能够和Mg(OH)2纳米颗粒的表面的OH-离子发生化学反应形成表面修饰层, 减少硬团聚现象,而且还使纳米颗粒表面由亲水性变为疏水性。 另外,对共沸蒸馏法制备表面改性纳米颗粒的机理进行了讨论,为纳米颗粒表面改性提供了一种新思路。     

Comparison of surface states of chemically modified silicas in aqueous acetonitrile and methanol

Summary The thermodynamic behaviour of n-alkylbenzenes on chemically modified silicas in reversed-phase liquid chromatography has been examined in acetonitrile-water and methanol-water systems. Plots of the thermodynamic parameters obtained against the organic solvent compositions indicate an interesting trend which implies that the surface states of the chemically modified silicas under the two eluent systems are different.     

改性炭黑及其增强橡胶的研究

从炭黑在橡胶中的应用出发,介绍了炭黑的结构、各种炭黑改性的方法以及改性炭黑对橡胶物理机械性能的影响。     

影响改性聚苯乙烯废塑料高效水泥减水剂减水增强性能因素的研究

通过化学改性反应将废旧聚苯乙烯塑料改性成为可提高水泥混凝土流动性能和强度的高效水泥减水增强剂。研究了改性废旧聚苯乙烯塑料减水剂中离子含量、减水剂的添加量对水泥混凝土的减水率和水泥强度的影响     

Optimization and Calculation of the EuCl<Subscript>3</Subscript>–MCl (M = Na,K, Rb,Cs) Phase Diagrams

By using the CALPHAD technique, an optimization of the binary EuCl₃–MCl (M = Na, K, Rb, Cs) systems has been carried out. To describe the Gibbs energies of liquid phases in these systems the new modified quasi-chemical model was used in the pair-approximation for short-range ordering. From the measured phase equilibrium data and the experimental thermo-chemical properties, the EuCl₃–MCl phase diagrams were optimized and calculated. A set of thermodynamic functions has been optimized based on an interactive computer-assisted analysis. The calculated phase diagrams and thermodynamic data are self-consistent.     

Electrochemistry at chemically modified graphenes

Electrochemical applications of graphene are of great interest to many researchers as they can potentially lead to crucial technological advancements in fabrication of electrochemical devices for energy production and storage, and highly sensitive sensors. There are many routes towards fabrication of bulk quantities of chemically modified graphenes (CMG) for applications such as electrode materials. Each of them yields different graphene materials with different functionalities and structural defects. Here, we compare the electrochemical properties of five different chemically modified graphenes: graphite oxide, graphene oxide, thermally reduced graphene oxide, chemically reduced graphene oxide, and electrochemically reduced graphene oxide. We characterized these materials using transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry, which allowed us to correlate the electrochemical properties with the structural and chemical features of the CMGs. We found that thermally reduced graphene oxide offers the most favorable electrochemical performance among the different materials studied. Our findings have a profound impact for the applications of chemically modified graphenes in electrochemical devices.     

Effect of polymerically‐modified clay structure on the morphology and properties of UV‐cured polyurethane acrylate/clay nanocomposites

Polyurethane acrylate (PUA)/clay nanocomposites were prepared by UV‐curing from a series of styrene‐based polymerically‐modified clays and PUA resin. Effect of the chemical structure of the polymeric surfactants on the morphology and tensile properties of nanocomposites has been explored. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) experimental results indicated that surfactants having hydroxyl or amino groups show better dispersion and some of the clay platelets were fully exfoliated. However, the composites formed from pristine clay and other polymerically‐modified clays without hydroxyl or amino groups typically contained both tactoids and intercalated structure. The mechanical properties of PUA composites were greatly improved where the organoclays dispersed well. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) were carried out to examine the thermal properties of the composites. The results showed that the loading of polymerically‐modified clays do not effect the thermal stability, but increased the Tgs of PUA/clay composites. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Modification of HPTLC-plates by in situ chemical bonding with non-polar and polar organosilanes

A method has been developed for the preparation of modified silica plates for high performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). Some typical organosilanes were thus allowed to react in situ with the silica of Merck HPTLC-plates. This method was found to be highly reproducible, simple and cheap. Non-polar plates were prepared and compared with commercial plates from Merck, Whatman and Macherey-Nagel. Modification with cyanodecyltrichlorosilane resulted in plates that showed good coverage, efficiency and low residual silica activity. Silica modified with a multifunctional silane has different properties in different organic solvents. It will appear to be non-polar in a polar solvent and vice versa. New advantageous separation systems are thus made feasible by the presence of cyano groups on the plate. The utility of modified thin-layer plates is demonstrated by the separation of some homologues of p-hydroxybenzoic acid esters and of some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.