光学在大型几何尺寸测量中的应用

介绍了几种光学原理在大型几何尺寸测量中的应用．讨论的内容包括：多波长、双波长合成波长绝对距离干涉测量；激光频率分裂干涉测量；线性调频绝对距离干涉测量；相位板激光准直；旋光激光准直；半导体激光动态定位等．文章介绍了测量系统的工作原理，并讨论了测量精度和应用前景     

激光电子散斑于涉测微小位移

介绍了利用激光电子散班干涉测量微小位移的原理和方法，并对其测量范围和测量精度进行了分析，给出了具体的测量结果．     

基于光纤马赫-曾德尔干涉仪的强度测量研究

根据光外差检测原理，分析得到干涉测量适用于信号光强小于参考光强的探测，直接测量适用于信号光强大于参考光强的探测的结论。利用自制的全光纤马赫-曾德尔干涉仪系统，对位移信号进行了测量。实验结果表明：当位移信号较小时，干涉测量的灵敏度分别为62．068μW／mm和9．90mV／mm，而非干涉测量的灵敏度分别为4．30μW／mm和0．35mV／mm；当位移信号较大时，干涉测量的灵敏度分别为2．643mV／mm和0．055mV／mm，非干涉测量的灵敏度分别为12．326mV／mm和4．194mV／mm，测量结果与分析得到的结论一致。对于光纤干涉仪强度调制检测的应用具有参考价值。     

光波场的相干性（上）

本文给出了描述光场相干性的基本物理量．从迈克尔逊干涉实验出发，讨论了时间相干性．以矩形谱线的光源为例，计算了时间相干度．简要介绍了傅里叶变换光谱学原理．同时从杨氏干涉实验出发，讨论了空间相干性、准单色光的干涉以及相干性的传播规律及其在迈克尔逊测量干涉仪上的应用．     

双光束干涉条纹间距的在线测量

双光束干涉是物理光学中的重要内容，也是全息光栅制作的光学原理．本采用CCD光电传感器^[1]在线测量双光束干涉条纹间距的方法，来确定全息光栅常量的实验原理及实验装置，对了解全息照相及计算机在线测量技术是有益的。     

在迈氏仪上用白光干涉测量的方法

在迈氏仪上用白光干涉测量的方法陶振英（锦州师范学院物理系）本文提出了在迈克尔逊于涉仪上，使用白光作光源发生干涉形成的彩虹图象，测量某些介质厚度或折射率的新方法．它比用钠光作光源的情况下，更具有原理简单，实验方便，测量结果精确的优点．一、白光于涉彩虹图...     

表面粗糙度测量的磁光位相调制和锁相干涉

提出了一种表面粗糙度测量的新方法，该方法采用了微分偏振干涉的原理，利用由法拉第磁光调制器所组成的调制系统对偏振干涉光路的位相进行调制，利用锁相干涉原理对位相进行探测，该方法可实现无参考面快速非接触测量，在普通实验条件下，也可保持良好的稳定恶性循环 ，实验装置即可给出表面的轮廓又可给出其它统计数据，其横向分辨率为１．２μｍ纵向为２ｎｍ。     

编码板照相干涉法

通常光学干涉仪是基于双（多）光束干涉原理,而全息干涉仪是基于两次曝光的全息图再现时的衍射干涉效应,都应用了光波干涉原理．它们的测量是以波长为尺度的,因此对于强变化位相体本身的位相变化是无能为力的．本文提出一种不同于位相相干的方法,即非相干光的编码板照相剪切干涉法．该法所根据的原理是莫尔效应,采用两次曝光．它的突出优点是：（１）测量精度低于光波干涉法,而且可随编码板频率不同而改变;（２）可作非?...     

激光外差干涉快速超精密测量模型研究

为了精确地描述激光外差干涉在快速超精密测量中的位移测量．建立了激光外差干涉快速超精密测量模型。传统外差干涉测量模型采用舍去高阶误差的方法,便于分析与快速计算,但存快速纳米精度测量中,高阶误差已经影响到测量精度．根据多普勒频移公式,通过分析激光外差干涉的测量原理．在已有的激光干涉测量模型上增加了u^2/c的积分项．相当于将传统测量模型进行了高阶误差补偿。通过理论分析可知,当最高测量速度为1m/s,运行位移为3m时,该测量模型能够减小约18nm的测量误差,解决了传统测量模型存存的残余误差累计问题,从而为激光外差干涉在快速超精密测量领域的应用提供了一种理论依据。     

一种新型椭偏测量实验 --塞曼激光外差椭偏仪

分析了大学物理实验中传统的消光式椭偏仪实验存在的问题，提出以一种新型外差式椭偏测量系统取代．结合塞曼激光外差干涉和反射式椭偏测量原理，给出了光学结构设计．系统中没有任何运动部件，也无需手动操作，实验过程自动化程度高，测量速度快．     

关于"太阳在银河系中所受引力与到银心距离r的关系"的讨论

讨论了银道面内的引力场强分布和太阳在银河系中所受引力与到银心距离r的关系，指出引力场强g并不是与r的平方成反比，这是由于银河系的大小和形状不能忽略造成的．强调了万有引力定律的适用条件．     

On the predictability of the positions of the convergence zones in the ocean

The disagreement between the experimental and calculated positions of the first convergence zone are known from many publications. The most probable cause for such a disagreement, namely, the incorrect specification of the input data for the calculations, is considered. The lack of simultaneity between the hydrological surveys of the region and the acoustic experiments is emphasized. The experimental data obtained by the author in five ocean regions are presented. These data characterize the diurnal variability of the distance from the source to the nearest boundary of the convergence zone. The relations proposed by different researchers for calculating the sound speed from the temperature, salinity, and hydrostatic pressure are analyzed. It is shown that these relations lead to a substantial difference in the estimated depth dependence of the hydrostatic gradient of the sound speed. The position of the first convergence zone is calculated for the propagation conditions determined by vertical temperature and salinity profiles with the subsequent recalculation of these profiles into sound speed profiles by using eight different formulas known from the literature. It is shown that different formulas lead to different values of the distance to the first zone; this difference is substantially greater than that between the calculations and experiment. The necessity of improving the recalculation relations in view of the experimental data on sound propagation in natural oceanic waveguides, including the data on the actual positions of the convergence zones, is emphasized.     

Design and analysis of the tunnel connecting the beamcorridor and the spectrum hall of the CSNS

There is a tunnel connecting the beamcorridor and the target station in the spectrum hall in the CSNS project.The length of the tunnel is about 20 m.The shielding design of the tunnel is very significant for the persons working in the spectrum hall because the tunnel is not covered ed soil for shielding.In order to reduce the dose rate at the exit of the cable ducts,we use the ISIS construction,which is designed with four turnings,as a reference for the tunnel design.The thickness of the shielding is obtained by a simulationwith the Monte Carlo Code FLUKA.The result is compared with the data obtained with Moyer Mode and the reliability of the simulation is proved.This paper provides the basis for the design of the tunnel.     

Effect of the spectral half-width of the driving field on the bistability

The bistability behavior of a nonlinear absorbing medium inside a Fabry–Perot resonator driven by an external quasi-monochromatic field is studied. The driving field is considered to be of a Gaussian and Lorentzian spectral line profile. The effect of the spectral half-width on the bistability is discussed. The mathematical treatment is carried out through an interferometric point of view. The dependence of the driving intensity required to initiate bistability on the standing wave established inside the resonator is represented.     

Design and analysis of the tunnel connecting the beamcorridor and the spectrum hall of the CSNS

There is a tunnel connecting the beamcorridor and the target station in the spectrum hall in the CSNS project. The length of the tunnel is about 20 m. The shielding design of the tunnel is very significant for the persons working in the spectrum hall because the tunnel is not covered by soil for shielding. In order to reduce the dose rate at the exit of the cable ducts, we use the ISIS construction, which is designed with four turnings, as a reference for the tunnel design. The thickness of the shielding is obtained by a simulation with the Monte Carlo Code FLUKA. The result is compared with the data obtained with Moyer Mode and the reliability of the simulation is proved. This paper provides the basis for the design of the tunnel.     

On the relaxation of the order parameter in the BCS model

The relaxation of the nonequilibrium order parameter (wave function of pairs) of a “pure” superconductor is considered for the homogeneous case. The relaxation is due to the electron-phonon interaction. The orderparameter relaxation time is shown to be much longer than the time interval between electron-electron collisions. This relation is explained by the smallness of the superconducting transition temperature compared to both the Fermi energy and the Debye energy in the BCS model.     

Representation of the spin in the Dirac equation for the electron

The conventional interpretation of the spin matrices contained in the Dirac equation for the electron is considered to be mostly unintelligible in the operational sense. It is shown that it appears that the interpretation is often illogical. The necessity of a more comprehensible interpretation of the concerned equation is implied.     

X射线照片密度与显微密度计信号电压之间关系的实验探讨

探索了 X射线照片密度与显微密度计信号电压之间的关系。利用曲线拟合得到了 X射线照片光密度与输出电压关系的公式。经公式计算的密度值与实测密度值之间差别不大 ,其标准估计误差为 0 .0 178,完全可以用计算密度值来代替实测密度值。直接取其显微密度计输出的电信号 ,经公式转换成光学密度值后再进行 X射线照片的各种性能测试 ,避免了部分测试和换算误差 ,克服了过去密度测量的不便 ,提高了效率     

Construction of the minimal superspace-translation tensor and the derivation of the supercurrent

The superspace analogue of the improved energy-momentum tensor is analysed. The supercurrent of Ferrara and Zumino is derived from the superspace-translation tensor in its minimal form. The additional freedom in this tensor, as compared to the supercurrent, is exhibited.     

Extraction of the spurious states from the solution of the motion equation within the random phase approximation

The general form of nuclear Hamiltonian equation of motion is derived within the Random Phase Approximation (RPA). The connection between the Goldstone modes of motion (spurious states) and the equations of motion is shown. The general method of extraction of spurious states from the solution of the RPA equations of motion is proposed.