两种生物素杂质的合成

d-生物素(d-B iotin)又称维生素H、辅酶R,以游离或与蛋白质结合的形式广泛分布于动植物组织中,目前生物素已广泛应用于医药、家禽、家畜的营养和饲料添加剂方面[1~4]。目前比较权威的生物素质量标准是欧洲药典[5],其在美国药典[6]的基础上提出了5个有关物质(impurity A、B、C、     

阻抑动力学荧光法测定氨苄青霉素

氨苄青霉素属于β-内酰胺类抗生素,是国内临床上广泛使用的广谱青霉素,其含量测定多采用紫外可见分光光度法[1-2]、高效液相色谱法[3]、电位滴定法[4]、化学发光法[5]、极谱法[6]等。但上述方法有的试剂繁多操作复杂,有的费时,灵敏度不高,线性范围较窄。美国药典(第23版)采用剩     

橘、橙、柚皮中橙皮苷和柚皮苷含量的测定

橘、橙、柚皮分别为芸香科植物橘(citrus reticulata Blnco)、橙(citrus simenis ( L.) Osbeck)、柚(citrus grandis ( L.) Osbeck)及其栽培变种的干燥成熟果皮.橘皮(陈皮)为历版药典收录的中药材[1],而橙、柚皮资源的开发多年来被人们忽略,较多地重视其果实的利用,除极少部分作为中药材或提取果胶和香精油的原料外,在果实食用或加工后将占果总重量约40%~50%果皮渣弃去,从环境、经济和资源利用角度都不尽科学合理.橘、橙、柚皮中均含有橙皮苷(hesperidin)和柚皮苷(naringin)2种生物活性成分[2,3].     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定盐酸文拉法辛缓释片中10种元素杂质的含量

<正>化学药物中部分元素杂质不利于药物的稳定,并具有潜在的毒性。随着人用药物注册技术要求国际协调会(ICH)元素杂质指导原则(ICH Q3D)、美国药典USP40版的发布和实施,元素杂质已成为各药企的新研究热点之一^[1-4]。我国自2017年6月成为ICH成员,后续注册申请及已上市药物的元素杂质研究与控制均需符合ICH Q3D要求。电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)^[5-9]相对于电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)     

[HN(C2H5)3][B5O6(OH)4]的合成、结构和热稳定性

利用水热法合成了五硼酸三乙胺[HN(C2H5)3][B5O6(OH)4], 并利用单晶X射线衍射技术解析了其结构, 同时利用傅立叶红外分析、元素分析及热分析技术加以佐证. 该化合物属于单斜晶系, 其空间群为P21/c, 相应的晶胞参数为a=1.0036(2) nm, b=1.1353(2) nm, c=1.4843(3) nm和β=106.54(3)°. 它由孤立的五硼酸阴离子[B5O6(OH)4]-和三乙胺阳离子[HN(C2H5)3]+构成. 五硼酸阴离子[B5O6(OH)4]-通过氢键构成三维网状结构, [HN(C2H5)3]+位于其中的孔道中.     

标准曲线法测定硫酸多粘菌素B的抗生素效价

硫酸多粘菌素B是多肽类抗生素,临床上主要用于敏感菌引起的感染及绿脓杆菌引起的泌尿系统感染、脑膜炎、败血症、烧伤感染以及皮肤粘膜感染等.2005年版<中国药典(二部)>规定用二剂量法或三剂量[1]法测定硫酸多粘菌素B抗生素微生物效价.笔者用标准曲线法(又称一剂量法)[2]测定其效价,取得了良好效果.     

[Co(C~5H~5)~2]~n.[M(dmit)~2](M=Ni,Pd;n=0,1,2)型配合物的合成及表征

二茂金属[M'(C~5H~5)~2]^1^+的盐与(NBu~4)~n[M(dmit)~2](M=Ni, Pd; N=1,2)反应, 当M'=Fe, Ni; n=1时, 分别得到了导电配合物[Ni(dmit)~2]和[Pd(dmit)~2]; 当M'=Co, n=1,2时, 分别得到的是电荷几乎不转移的4个盐[Co(C~5H~5)~2]~n[Ni(dmit)~2]和[Co(C~5H~5)~2]~n[Pd(dmit)~2]。用ESCA、Raman谱及循环伏安图讨论了上述化合物形成时的电荷转移量。尽管[M(dmit)~2]的室温电导率相当大, 但其电导率随温度的变化曲线表明它们属于半导体。EHCO能带计算给出[Ni(dmit)~2]的能隙0.112eV, 与实测的电导活化能相当接近。     

盐酸哌替啶离子选择性电极的研制及其应用

报道了一种以四 - [3 ,5 -二 (三氟甲基 )苯基 ]硼酸钾 (KTFPB)与盐酸哌替啶的分子缔合物为活性物的盐酸哌替啶 PVC膜电极。电极的能斯特响应斜率为 5 4 .6 9m V/pc ,线性范围为 5× 1 0 - 6～ 1× 1 0 - 2 mol/L,检出限为 2 .1 5× 1 0 - 6mol/L。用此电极测定盐酸哌替啶针剂和片剂 ,取得了与美国药典标准方法相一致的结果。     

高效液相色谱法测定药物制剂中诺氟沙星

诺氟沙星(Norfloxacin,简称 NFCX)的化学名为 1-乙基-6-氟-1,4-二氢-4-氧代-7-(1-哌嗪基)-3-喹啉羧酸,是一种氟喹诺酮类抗菌药,具有广谱的抗菌作用.鉴于其在医药上的应用价值,NFCX 含量的测定一直为人们所关注.目前该药的测定,中国药典采用非水滴定法[1],其方法操作繁琐,高浓度的乙酸对人体也有害.另外还有紫外分光光度法[2,3]、一阶导数紫外分光光度法[4,5]、火焰原子吸收光谱法[6]、流动注射在线过滤稀释原子吸收光谱法[7]等.也有用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)[8-10]测定,但这些方法多采用反相液相色谱法,使用多相混合流动相,试剂用量大,线性范围小.     

毛细管电泳法快速测定预知子中α-常春藤皂苷含量北大核心CSCD

预知子为木通科植物木通、三叶木通或白木通的干燥近成熟果实,收载于《中国药典》2010年版一部[1]。其味苦、性寒,具有疏肝理气、活血止痛、散结、利尿之功效,主治脘胁胀痛、痛经闭经、痰核痞块、小便不利。药理研究表明,预知子具有抗肿瘤、利尿、抗菌、消炎和降压等作用[2-4]。文献[5-7]报道,预知子中的主要成分是皂苷类化合物,具有保肝、抗肿瘤[8]、抗菌和消炎等生物活性。     

Synthesis of （3aS,6aR）- 1,3-Dibenzyl-tetrahydro- 1H-thieno[3,4-d]-imidazole-2（3H）-one-4-ylidenepentanoic Acid and Characterization of Its Crystal

1 INTRODUCTION The title compound, (3aS,6aR)-1.3-dibenzyl- tetrahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]-imidazole-2(3H)-one- 4-ylidenepentanoic acid 3, is a key intermediate for the synthesis of d-biotin 1 (VITH, Fig. 1) which has been widely used not only as a pharmaceu…     

Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Insecticidal Activities of(4aR,7aS)-6-Benzyl-1-((R)-2-(2-chlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carbonyl)hexahydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5,7(6H)-dione

The title compound(4aR,7aS)-6-benzyl-1-((R)-2-(2-chlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carbonyl)-hexahydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5,7(6H)-dione(C24H22ClN3O3S)w...     

Interaction of 4-Isopropoxalyl-1,5-diphenyl-2,3-dihydro-2,3-pyrroledione with Thiosemicarbazide: Synthesis and Crystal and Molecular Structure of (3aS*)(4R*)(6aR*)-4,6a-dihydroxy-4-isopropoxycarbonyl-1-thiocarbamoyl-3,5-diphenyl-1,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-d]pyrazol-6-one

4-Isopropoxalyl-1,5-diphenyl-2,3-dihydro-2,3-pyrroledione reacts with thiosemicarbazide to form (3aS*)(4R*)(6aR*)-4,6a-dihydroxy-4-isopropoxycarbonyl-1-thiocarbamoyl-3,5-diphenyl-1,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-d]pyrazol-6-one. The molecular and crystal structure of the latter was studied by single crystal X-ray diffraction.     

Preparation of perhydroisoquinolines via the intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction of N-3,5-hexadienoyl ethyl acrylimidates: a formal synthesis of (+/-)-reserpine

The intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction of N-3,5-hexadienoyl ethyl acrylimidates provides an efficient method for the synthesis of cis-fused hexahydroisoquinolones. As a demonstration of the stereochemical control offered by this cycloaddition, two approaches to the construction of the DE rings of reserpine are reported. In the second entry, N-((4-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxymethoxy)methyl-6-benzyloxy-3Z,5E-hexadienoyl)-1-aza-2-ethoxy-1,3-butadiene (40) undergoes cycloaddition to produce as the major product (4aS,7R,8aS)-7-benzyloxy-5-((2-trimethylsilyl)ethoxymethoxy)methyl-3,4,4a,7,8,8a-hexahydroisoquinol-3-one (41). Cycloadduct 41 is then stereospecifically elaborated to (4aS,5S,6R,7R,8aR)-6-methoxy-5-methoxycarbonyl-7-(3,4,5-trimethoxy)benzoyldecahydroisoquinoline-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester (3), a key intermediate previously transformed to reserpine.     

A convergent approach to the marine natural product eleutherobin: synthesis of key intermediates and attempts to produce the basic skeleton

Synthesis of (1R,5R,6R)-2-(6-hydroxymethyl-5-isopropyl-2-methylcyclohex-2-enyl)-N- methoxy-N-methylacetamide 8 from R-(-)-phellandrene in six steps, and (3aR*,4S*,6R*,6aS*)- (6-hydroxymethyl-4-methoxy-2,2,6-trimethyltetrahydrofuro[3,4-d][1,3]dioxol- 4-yl)acetic acid methyl ester 17 from tetrabromoacetone and 2-methoxy-5-methylfuran in six steps, provided two key fragments which have been combined to produce intermediates for attempted construction of the basic skeleton of eleutherobin.     

Chemoenzymatic synthesis of (+)-alpha-polypodatetraene and methyl (5R,10R,13R)-labda-8-en-15-oate

The reported enzymatic resolution products {acetate of (1S,4aS,8aS)-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-decahydro-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-oxo-trans-naphthalene-1-methanol-2-ethylene acetal} (8aS)-5 (>99% ee)] and [(1R,4aR,8aR)-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-decahydro-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-oxo-trans-naphthalene-1-methanol-2-ethylene acetal (8aR)-4 (98% ee) were converted to (+)-alpha-polypodatetraene (1) and methyl (5R,10R,13R)-labda-8-en-15-oate (2), respectively. For the synthesis of (5R,10R,13R)-2, chiral isoprene congener (3S)-26 corresponding to the right part of 2 was synthesized based on the lipase-assisted resolution of (+/-)-2-methyl-3- (p-methoxyphenyl)propanol (17).     

(3aS,6aR)-1,3-二苄基-4-氢-4H-呋喃[3,4-d]咪唑-2,4(1H)-二酮在离子液体中的酶催化水解反应

D,L-(3 aS,6 aR)-1,3-二苄基-4氢-4H-呋喃[3,4-d]咪唑-2,4(1H)-二酮在BM ImBF4离子液体中,于45℃酶催化水解反应8 h得D-式异构体,收率45.0%,e.e.值90.4%。     

Synthetically attractive chiral cyclopentenone building blocks conjugated with tetrahydro- and 2-oxotetrahydrofurans

Synthetically useful chiral building blocks (3aS,6aR)-1,3,3a,6atetrahydro-4H-cyclopenta[c]furan-4-one and (3aS,6aR)- 3a,6a-dihydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-1,4(3H)-dione have been synthesized via a key allylsilane–allyl alcohol fragmentation pathway using (3aS,6S,6aR)-6-(trimethylsilyl)-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-1-one as an illustrative example.

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Enantioselective synthesis of piperidine,indolizidine, and quinolizidine alkaloids from a phenylglycinol-derived delta-lactam

Starting from a common lactam, (3R,8aS)-5-oxo-3-phenyl-2,3,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-5H-oxazolo[3,2-a]pyridine (1), or its enantiomer, the enantioselective synthesis of 2-alkylpiperidines and cis- and trans-2,6-dialkylpiperidines is reported. The potential of this approach is illustrated by the synthesis of the piperidine alkaloids (R)-coniine, (2R,6S)-dihydropinidine, (2R,6R)-lupetidine, and (2R,6R)-solenopsin A, the indolizidine alkaloids (5R,8aR)-indolizidine 167B and (3R,5S,8aS)-monomorine I, and the nonnatural base (4R,9aS)-4-methylquinolizidine.