Calculated band structures,optical constants and electronic charge densities for InAs and InSb

The energy band structure, reflectivity, modulated reflectivity and imaginary part of the frequency dependent dielectric function are calculated for InAs and InSb using the empirical pseudopotential method. Comparison is made with the measured reflectivity and modulated reflectivity and prominent features in the experimental spectra are identified and associated with interband transitions in specific regions of the Brillouin zone. The wavefunctions obtained from our calculated band structures are used to calculate the electronic charge density as a function of position in the unit cell.     

非常偏振光在单轴晶体表面的反射-透射研究

为分析非常偏振光在晶体表面的能量损耗,给出一种求解反射率和透射率的方法,即根据电磁场的边值关系以及晶体的双折射和双反射现象,求解晶体光轴在入射面内时,非常偏振光从各向同性介质入射到晶体和从晶体出射到各向同性介质两种情况的反射率和透射率的方法,并给出反射率和透射率的解析解,同时得到对于晶体光轴在入射面内的情况,光轴的取向对非常偏振光反射率的大小几乎没有影响,但对产生全反射的临界角θc影响较大的结论。实验上用LiNbO3晶体验证了非常偏振光从各向同性介质入射到晶体时的反射率公式。求解方法简单实用,所给的表达式具有一般性,可以直接使用。     

Nd-Glass laser with plasma mirror

A high power pulse Nd-glass laser system with plasma mirror is studied. Plasma is created on the surface of a solid target and the action is superradiantly triggered. Long trains of modelocked pulses are generated if the carbon or metal targets are used and Q-switched pulses are observed with dielectric targets like PVC. Tens of joules of light energy are extracted from the laser medium and absorbed by plasma in both regimes. Spatial and temporal structures of the laser beam are very reproducible, the laser action is insensitive to variations in air pressure inside the target chamber. Stimulated Brillouin back-scattering in the underdense plasma is discussed as the nonlinear mechanism governing the plasma reflectivity.     

Time-dependent polarized radiation transfer in semi-infinite binary Markovian media

The problem of time-dependent radiation transfer in a semi-infinite plane-parallel random medium with Rayleigh scattering phase function including polarization is considered. The random medium is assumed to consist of two immiscible mixed materials with specular reflecting boundary. The mixing statistics of the two components of the medium is described by the two-state homogeneous Markovian statistics. A formalism, developed to treat radiative transfer in statistical mixtures, is used to obtain the ensemble-averaged solution. Two different weight functions are used to obtain the numerical results for the ensemble-average for reflectivity, radiant energy, and net flux of the medium at any time.     

KrF激光受激布里渊散射反射率稳定性的研究

实验研究发现抽运功率密度（或抽运能量）的波动引起的受激布里渊散射(SBS)反射率的不稳定程度受实验参数（抽运能量、介质气压和透镜焦距）的影响.当抽运能量、介质气压和透镜焦距这三个参数同时满足下列条件时可以获得稳定的输出：抽运能量超过5倍的SBS阈值，介质气压在16×105Pa和透镜焦距在15—50cm的范围内；同时还发现当改变实验参数时SBS反射率与稳定性的变化规律完全一致，反射率越高稳定性越好.通过理论分析得到 SBS反射率的相对稳定度实际上是受GIL因子的影响，理论计算与实验符合得很好. 关键词： KrF激光 受激布里渊散射 反射率 稳定度     

拓扑缺陷对单壁碳纳米管电子结构及其光学光谱的影响

应用密度泛函理论计算了半导体型单壁碳纳米管(7,0)和(8,0)以及其发生镜像对称和非镜像对称Stone-Wales形变、形成异质结(7,0)—(8,0)情况下的能带结构、吸收光谱、反射光谱,并对计算结果进行了比较。研究发现： 引入拓扑缺陷态后,碳纳米管的能带结构发生了明显的变化,费米能级在不同缺陷情况下移动方向不一致;碳管的吸收和反射明显减弱且吸收峰和反射峰在低能区发生红移现象;在光子能量约为E=13 eV处各碳管的吸收谱和反射谱中均出现一特征峰,并且在引入缺陷以后该特征峰向高能区移动。文章对计算结果进行了分析和探讨,可望利用这种拓扑缺陷的引入而产生的光电特性来设计碳管光电器件。     

Time-dependent radiation transfer in a semi-infinite stochastic medium with Rayleigh scattering

The time-dependent radiation transfer in a semi-infinite stochastic medium of binary Markovian mixture with Rayleigh scattering is presented. A formalism, developed to treat radiation transfer in statistical mixtures, is used to obtain the ensemble-averaged solution. The average reflectivity, radiant energy and net flux are computed for specular-reflecting boundary. For the sake of comparison, we use two different weight functions in our calculations.     

受激布里渊散射相位共轭激光组束规律的研究

 提出了一种新的SBS激光组束的方法。此方法中，一束按时间分布的激光脉冲序列作为泵浦光从SBS放大池的一端入射，另一束Stokes频移种子光从SBS池的另一端入射，Stokes种子光在SBS池的相互作用区提取泵浦光能量。研究了组束效率和输出脉宽随脉冲串个数、间隔和泵浦功率密度等的变化规律。研究结果表明种子注入型泵浦脉冲串的受激布里渊散射相位共轭组束是一种高效的组束方法。     

基于线偏振光反射率测量介质折射率的研究

研究线偏振光的振幅反射率与介质折射率的关系,提出一种测量介质材料折射率的方法。文中从菲涅耳公式出发,推导出各向同性介质的线偏振光反射率与折射率的关系式,给出基于线偏振光反射率测定介质折射率的原理。设计实验方案,在不同入射角情况,定出线偏振光p方向和s方向两种线偏振光在玻璃表面的反射率,得到线偏振光振幅反射率随入射角变化的实验曲线。依此实验数据得出材料的折射率。结果表明,测出的介质材料的折射率与理论值相符,所采取的测定方案可行。     

Investigation on high-power load ability of stimulated Brillouin scattering phase conjugating mirror

The factors that affect the performance of stimulated Brillouin scattering phase conjugating mirror (SBS-PCM) in high-power condition are demonstrated. In high-power condition, the reflectivity is limited by both the SBS medium and the PCM configuration. FC-72 is found to be the best SBS liquid medium for its very high optical breakdown threshold and very low absorption coefficient by comparing several media. As FC-72 is chosen, the impurity of the liquid is the most remarkable factor which affects the reflectivity of PCM. The Millipore membrane filters with aperture of 0.22 μm was used to clean the liquid, and the reflectivity was evidently increased. Among the parameters of the SBS-PCM, the focal length of lens is one of the most important parameters related to the load ability. In the condition of the input laser of 1 J and 10 Hz, the appropriate focal length is proved to be 50 cm. As lens is chosen, the rotating wedge plate (RWP) is used to decrease the effects of optical breakdown and thermal effects in the condition of high power and stable reflectivity is achieved. Synthetically considering all the factors of medium and configuration, an energy reflectivity of 82% is achieved when the input energy is 0.94 J and the repetition rate is at 10 Hz.     

Chapman-Enskog-maximum entropy method on time-dependent neutron transport equation

The time-dependent neutron transport equation in semi and infinite medium with linear anisotropic and Rayleigh scattering is proposed. The problem is solved by means of the flux-limited, Chapman-Enskog-maximum entropy for obtaining the solution of the time-dependent neutron transport. The solution gives the neutron distribution density function which is used to compute numerically the radiant energy density E(x,t), net flux F(x,t) and reflectivity R_f. The behaviour of the approximate flux-limited maximum entropy neutron density function are compared with those found by other theories. Numerical calculations for the radiant energy, net flux and reflectivity of the proposed medium are calculated at different time and space.     

Long wave theory of absorption and reflection in molecular crystals

The theory of long waves originally developed by Born and Huang for ionic crystals and then adapted for molecular crystals with one molecule per unit cell by Hall is extended to include molecular crystals with two molecules per unit cell. A study is made of the non-analytic behaviour of the energy bands as the wave vector tends to zero and it is found that the energies of the optically excited levels will be different from the values usually assumed. The dispersion relation is obtained and used to discuss metallic reflectivity. The finite lifetime of the excited states can also be included in the theory and this has the effect of changing the position of maximum absorption as well as reducing the reflectivity. A comparison is made between the long wave theory, the simple form of Davydov theory and experiment.     

Investigation of multilayer X‐ray optics for the 6 keV to 20 keV energy range

The X‐ray optics group at the Swiss Light Source in co‐operation with RIT (Rigaku Innovative Technologies) have investigated seven different multilayer samples. The goal was to find an ideal multilayer structure for the energy range between 6 keV and 20 keV in terms of energy resolution and reflectivity. Such multilayer structures deposited on substrates can be used as X‐ray monochromators or reflecting synchrotron mirrors. The measured reflectivities agree with the simulated ones. They cover a reflectivity range from 45% to 80% for energies between 6 keV and 10 keV, and 80% to 90% for energies between 10 keV and 20 keV. The experimentally measured energy resolution of the samples lies between 0.3% and 3.5%.     

Study on two-cell stimulated Brillouin scattering system with mixture medium

In this paper,a method of choosing mixture medium in two-cell stimulated Brillouinscattering(SBS)system to improve the system performance is proposed.The Brillouin frequency shift(BFS)of mixture medium varies with the mixing ratio andthus the difference of the BFS between the two cells can be eliminated.The two-cellSBS system with acetone(C3H6O)in its generator cell and mixture liquid ofCCl4/C2Cl4 in its amplifier cell is investigated.The C3H6O has a high optical breakdown threshold and the mixture liquid of CCl4/C2Cl4 has a small absorption coeffi-cient and the same BFS as that of C3H6O when the volume fraction of CCl4 is 4%.Compared with two-cell SBS system with the same liquid(C2Cl4)or different liquid(C3H6O and C2Cl4)in generator and amplifier cell,the SBS system with mixture liq-uid(CCl4/C2Cl4)in amplifier cell and C3H6O in generator cell improves thepower-load,energy reflectivity(ER),phase conjugation(PC)fidelity and ER stabil-ity.     

不同材料的受激布里渊散射特性

 采用波长为1.064, 0.532 μm的聚焦高斯光束作为泵浦光,数值求解受激布里渊散射（Stimulated Brillouin Scattering, SBS）放大器型耦合波方程组,比较K9玻璃、熔石英、BK7玻璃、CaF₂的SBS特征参数。研究发现：对于相同的激光参数,不同的介质具有不同的SBS特征,声子寿命长则破坏阈值低,破坏效果明显。SBS过程对CaF₂的破坏效果较明显,导致了介质前表面的破坏,在一定的激光参数和聚焦参数下,焦点附近优先于前表面破坏。SBS过程可以得到脉宽压缩比大于10、强度比泵浦光峰值高5倍以上的Stokes散射光脉冲。相同激光参数下,不同材料压缩效果及散射光相位共轭保真度不同,CaF₂在低泵浦能量时脉宽压缩特性较好;高泵浦能量时,相位共轭保真度较好。固体透明光学材料中可获得大于95%的能量提取效率。     

入射光单色性与界面粗糙度对多层膜反射性能的不同影响

多层膜界面粗糙度、入射光单色性对软X射线多层膜实际反射率均有影响。利用数学卷积积分,理论上推导出一个在入射光不同单色性下精确计算多层膜反射率的公式。利用给出的理论计算公式,简要分析了入射光不同单色性、不同界面粗糙度对Mo/Si多层膜反射率的影响。理论分析发现这两种因素对Mo/Si多层膜反射率影响完全不同:入射光低的单色性不但极大降低Mo/Si多层膜峰值反射率,而且使反射曲线的半峰全宽增加;而界面粗糙度是降低Mo/Si多层膜反射曲线上各点对应值,基本不改变Mo/Si反射曲线的半峰全宽,不改变反射曲线的形状。说明这两个因素在软X射线的长波段对多层膜反射性能的影响不同。     

Improvement of extraction efficiency by regenerative amplification in an Nd: YAG-MOPA with a phase-conjugating SBS cell

A regenerative amplifier consisting of a conventional mirror as the output coupler and a phase-conjugating SBS cell as the high-reflectivity mirror was seeded with a single longitudinal and transverse mode oscillator with pulse durations of 10 ns and pulse energies up to 5.3 mJ. The output energy, temporal characteristics and beam-quality were measured as a function of pump energy, input energy and the reflectivity of the feedback mirror. Output energies up to 180 mJ were obtained for oscillator input energies of only 0.3 mJ. The beam quality was 2.5 times the diffraction limit. The results are compared with those for simple double-pass amplification.     

Exciton–polariton formation at room temperature in a planar ZnO resonator structure

We show the dispersion of exciton–polaritons in an all oxide planar resonator structure. A quasi-bulk ZnO film acts as active medium and as cavity. The mirrors are made of Bragg reflectors consisting of ZrO₂ and MgO layers. Despite a limited structural perfection, we have observed a giant energy splitting of the exciton–polariton branches of about 78 meV at maximum using reflectivity and photoluminescence measurements.     

硅表面抗反射纳米周期阵列结构的纳米压印制备与性能研究

硅表面固有的菲涅耳反射, 使得硅基半导体光电器件(如太阳能电池、红外探测器)表面有30%以上的入射光因反射而损失掉, 严重影响着器件的光电转换效率. 寻找一种方法降低硅基表面的反射率, 进而提高器件的效率成为近年来研究的重点.本文基于纳米压印光刻技术, 在2 英寸单晶硅表面制备出周期530 nm, 高240 nm的二维六角截顶抛面纳米柱阵列结构. 反射率的测试表明, 当入射光角度为8° 时, 有纳米结构的硅片相对于无纳米 结构的硅片来讲, 在400到2500 nm波长范围内的反射率有很明显的降低, 其中, 800到2000 nm波段的反射率都小于10%, 在波长1360 nm附近的反射率由31%降低为零. 结合等效介质理论和严格耦合波理论对结果进行了分析和验证. 关键词： 纳米压印 截顶抛物面阵列 抗反射 等效介质理论     

Stochastic radiative transfer in a finite plane with anisotropic scattering in a binary Markovian mixture

The time-independent linear transport problem in a stochastic finite-plane medium with linear anisotropic scattering is considered. The medium is assumed to consist of two randomly mixed immiscible fluids, with the mixing statistics described as a two-state homogeneous Markov process. The Pomraning-Eddington approach is used to obtain an explicit solution to the problem in the deterministic case. A formalism, developed to treat radiative transfer in statistical mixtures, is used to obtain the ensemble-averaged solution for the problem under consideration. In the case of isotropic scattering, explicit analytic results for reflectivity and transmissivity, which show a good agreement with Monte Carlo benchmark results, are given. Results for reflectivity and transmissivity in the case of linear anisotropic scattering are also given.