模式偏置波前传感器理论模拟及实验验证

将模式偏置法与全息多重存储法波前传感器原理联系起来,通过研究模式偏置波前传感器的输出响应特性,间接得到全息模式波前传感器的运行规律.对模式偏置波前传感器进行理论分析与总结,并建立简化模型,针对若干阶Zernike像差,通过数值模拟对理论结果进行验证.模拟结果显示:传感器输出信号与各种类型待测像差系数有不同的变化关系,这...     

振幅型复合计算全息模式波前传感理论及验证

全息模式波前传感器是利用复合全息元件对待测波前中像差模式进行直接测量的一种新型波前传感器,其中的复合全息元件可编码设计多阶Zernike像差模式。提出一种有效方案以编码设计振幅型复合计算全息元件,该方案通过将多个编码有某阶Zernike像差模式的透过率调制扭曲光栅叠加产生振幅型计算全息元件。在小像差近似条件下推导了传感器输出信号与Zernike像差模式系数的解析关系。编码设计了振幅型复合全息图,并研究了其对单阶和多阶Zernike像差模式的探测性能。利用液晶光阀加载复合全息图进行了验证实验。所得实验结果与数值模拟结果基本一致。     

一种基于全息术的光学系统闭环像差补偿方法

提出了一种基于21单元变形镜与全息波前传感器的全息自适应光学系统, 并对其像差校正能力进行了分析. 首先描述了全息波前传感器基本原理, 并在薄全息图近似下给出基于快速傅里叶变换算法的全息波前传感器数值模型; 然后基于21单元变形镜的数值模型, 分析了该变形镜的波前校正能力; 在此基础上, 数值模拟并实验验证了全息自适应光学系统对静态像差的闭环校正能力.     

曝光系统离焦对平面全息光栅衍射波前的影响

波前像差是衍射光栅的重要技术指标，它直接影响光栅的分辨率。由光致刻蚀剂记录两束相干光干涉条纹是制作全息光栅的关键步骤。为了提高全息光栅曝光系统调整精度、减小离焦、降低光栅的衍射波前像差，从离焦对反射球面准直镜的准直光平行度的影响程度出发，分析了准直光平行度对全息光栅衍射波前像差的影响。理论分析和数值模拟结果表明，准直镜调整误差直接决定全息光栅衍射波前像差大小。以3种不同刻线密度光栅为例，得出了准直镜调整误差的允许变化范围。     

无零级衍射干扰的彩色数字全息研究

彩色数字全息研究中,用球面波为重建波及角谱衍射公式进行波前重建是一种有效的方法.然而,重建图像上通常伴有强烈的零级衍射干扰.本文通过理论分析,对波前重建过程作了重要改进.用改进后的方法进行彩色数字全息的实验研究表明,重建彩色图像的质量获得显著改善. 关键词： 彩色数字全息 波前重建 零级衍射干扰     

基于衍射光栅曲率波前传感器的实时波前重构研究

自适应光学系统要求波前传感器能实现动态实时测量,曲率波前传感技术符合这一发展要求。一种新型的基于扭曲衍射光栅的曲率波前传感器在探测装置的实现方法方面具有较大优势,其波前重构已应用于光学度量。根据衍射光学理论,对其探测信号进行数值模拟,并利用Neumann边界条件的Green函数法对其波前重构进行数值模拟。结果表明：Green函数法归结为2矩阵相乘,计算速度快,达到实时重构要求; Green函数法对阶数不高的Zernike多项式重构效果较好;影响重构误差的主要因素是光强梯度的边界噪声。     

用一种矩阵计算方法分析体积全息光栅

本文在用于分析体积全息光栅衍射特性的法布里珀罗腔理论模型的基础上,利用矩阵法计算并分析了体积全息光栅的衍射特性.基于该理论模型的数值模拟结果与耦合波理论和以前的实验结果能较好地符合.     

波前相位编码体光栅选择性衍射的理论分析

阐述了波前相位复用技术记录和再现体全息光栅的原理;运用波耦合理论,从衍射波的一阶微分方程推导出多重体光栅对随机波前相位的选择性衍射;构造了一个复随机过程函数,并利用其相关函数得到了随机波前相位编码体光栅实现无串扰再现的充分必要条件;给出了理论上分析多重体光栅对随机波前相位选择性衍射的一种方法.     

ICF系统中全息透镜聚焦特性及衍射效率分析

 根据全息透镜的工作原理，利用光线追迹法对其聚焦特性进行了理论分析。使用标量衍射法分析了全息透镜的衍射效率，讨论了不同的光栅槽型对其衍射效率的影响。对分析过程中所涉及到的有关近似处理方法的使用和影响进行了说明，讨论了全息透镜用作取样光栅的优点。     

局域体全息光栅衍射的平面波与柱面波的波前转换研究

利用一维耦合波理论研究了入射方向相互垂直的一束平面波与一束柱面波干涉形成光折变局域体全息光栅的波前转换情况。给出了透射波和衍射波振幅的解析表达式。讨论了该局域体全息光栅的几何尺寸以及全息透镜的焦距对光栅衍射效率的影响。结果表明,随着光栅横向尺寸的增加,光栅的衍射效率也逐渐增加。然而,光栅的衍射效率却随着光栅纵向尺寸的增加而减小。全息透镜的焦距越长,光栅的衍射效率也越大。此外,分析了光栅的布拉格选择特性,该光栅具有非常好的角度选择特性。在平面波与柱面波干涉形成全息透镜的设计中,为了获得最优的衍射效率,应当根据要求合理地选择记录所用柱面波和设计光栅的几何尺寸。     

Hartmann－Shack波前传感器的Fourier光学分析

Ｈａｒｔｍａｎｎ－Ｓｈａｃｋ波前传感器是自适应光学中几种重要的波前传感器之一。本文利用Ｆｏｕｒｉｅｒ光学方法分析研究了Ｈａｒｔｍａｎｎ－Ｓｈａｃｋ波前传感器的原理，导出了辐照度分布质心与子孔径波前倾斜的解析表达式，说明了辐照度分布质心及其算法的物理意义，总结了该传感器的若干重要特点。     

一种适于自适应光学的旋转软刀口波面传感器的研究

利用傅里叶光学理论,证明了一种新型波面传感器——旋转软刀口波面传感器的概念.在经典刀口法的刀口区,以渐变透过率代替突变透过率函数,在光瞳象面上可获得反映光瞳面位置待测波面位相梯度及位相梯度方向的调制信号.文中给出了实验结果和讨论.     

无调制两面锥波前传感器的衍射理论分析和数值仿真

两面锥波前传感器(two-sided pyramid wavefront Sensor,TSPWFS)是一种高空间采样率和高光能利用率的波前传感器.为了深入研究它的波前复原原理,采用波动光学理论详细推导了无调制TSPWFS的衍射理论,给出了无调制TSPWFS波前复原时线性重构矩阵的解析解,并且通过数值仿真确定出最佳的光瞳像中心间距,并对静态像差的波前复原及闭环校正进行数值仿真.分析结果表明,无调制TSPWFS具有波前复原时不需要现场测量响应矩阵,可以校正系统像差,闭环校正结果稳定等优点,可以在实际自适应光学系统中进行波前探测. 关键词： 自适应光学 两面锥波前传感器 波前复原     

A modified phase diversity diffraction wavefront sensor with a grating

The phase diversity wavefront sensor is one of the tools used to estimate wavefront aberration, and it is often used as a wavefront sensor in adaptive optics systems. However, the performance of the traditional phase diversity wavefront sensor is limited by the accuracy and dynamic ranges of the intensity distribution at the focus and defocus positions of the CCD camera. In this paper, a modified phase diversity wavefront sensor based on a diffraction grating is proposed to improve the ability to measure the wavefront aberration with larger amplitude and higher spatial frequency. The basic principle and the optics construction of the proposed method are also described in detail. The noise propagation property of the proposed method is also analysed by using the numerical simulation method, and comparison between the diffraction grating phase diversity wavefront sensor and the traditional phase diversity wavefront sensor is also made. The simulation results show that the diffraction grating phase diversity wavefront sensor can obviously improve the ability to measure the wavefront aberration, especially the wavefront aberration with larger amplitude and higher spatial frequency.     

Wavefront sensing based on phase contrast theory and coherent optical processing

A novel wavefront sensing method based on phase contrast theory and coherent optical processing is proposed. The wavefront gradient field in the object plane is modulated into intensity distribution in a gang of patterns, making highdensity detection available. By applying the method, we have also designed a wavefront sensor. It consists of a classical coherent optical processing system, a CCD detector array, two pieces of orthogonal composite sinusoidal gratings, and a mechanical structure that can perform real-time linear positioning. The simulation results prove and demonstrate the validity of the method and the sensor in high-precision measurement of the wavefront gradient field.     

A modified phase diversity wavefront sensor with a diffraction grating

Phase diversity wavefront sensor is one of the useful tools to estimate the wavefront aberration, and it is often used as a wavefront sensor in adaptive optics system. However, the performance of the traditional phase diversity wavefront sensor is limited by the accuracy and dynamic ranges of the intensity distribution at focus and defocus positions of the CCD camera. In this paper, a modified phase diversity wavefront sensor based on a diffraction grating is proposed to improve the ability to measure the wavefront aberration with larger amplitude and higher spatial frequency. The basic principle and the optics construction of the proposed method are also described in detail. The noise propagation property of the proposed method is also analysed by using the numerical simulation method, and comparison between the diffraction grating phase diversity wavefront sensor and the traditional phase diversity wavefront sensor is also made. The simulation results show that the diffraction grating phase diversity wavefront sensor can obviously improve the ability to measure the wavefront aberration, especially the wavefront aberration with larger amplitude and higher spatial frequency.     

光强不均匀情况下曲率波前传感器的信号分析

曲率波前传感器广泛应用于天文自适应光学、光学度量等领域。在这些领域使用时都假设入射波前光强均匀，但这种假设与曲率传感技术的基本原理不一致。定性分析了曲率波前传感技术理论的不自洽，利用衍射理论和几何光学近似的方法，推导了光强不均匀情况下曲率渡前传感器信号的解析式，分析了信号误差。结果表明，光强不均匀情况下曲率波前传感器的信号引入了光强对数的梯度和波前梯度的点乘项。在大多数应用中，点乘项可以忽略，因此，光强均匀的假设是合理的。但应用于光强量级发生变化的激光高斯光束时，会有一定的误差。     

Measurement of Wavefront Aberration of Human Eye Using Talbot Image of Two-Dimensional Grating

The measurement of human ocular aberration is now frequently performed because of the increase in refractive surgery on the human cornea. The Hartmann-Shack (H-S) wavefront sensor is considered to be the most useful wavefront sensor, and a calculation method for wavefront aberration has been established. New methods of measuring wavefront aberrations of human eyes, using the Talbot image of a two-dimensional grating as a wavefront sensor and local shift of the Talbot image to calculate tilt of the wavefront are shown. The shift of the Talbot image was determined by comparing the phases of fundamental spatial frequency between the grating and the local patch of the Talbot image by Fourier transformation. The actual experiment was performed using a modified commercially available wavefront analyzer. Using these methods, Talbot images were obtained from model eyes and a human eye, and wavefront shapes were successfully reconstructed. Wavefront aberrations can be measured even when the obtained image is degraded by defocusing or scattering.     

The analysis of misalignment errors of optical masks for wavefront coded passive-ranging systems

A typical wavefront coding passive-ranging system and its alignment error coordinate is introduced. Based on this, we have analyzed off-axis error, tilt error of x–y plane and tilt error of y–z plane for the plane of mask. The results show the off-axis error of mask does not affect the magnitude transfer function (MTF) of optical–digital system and the light spots will has a plane shift. The tilt error of x–y plane makes us realize that the coordinate must be selected on the basis of the optical mask plane in wavefront coded passive-ranging system. The tilt angle in y–z plane brings errors to the final ranging result. Therefore, the passive ranging system requires higher assembly accuracy between modulating plane and optical system plane. We noted that it bring errors to the final ranging result with wide field of view condition on the passive ranging system.