Neutron resonances in planar waveguides

We report on the results of the experimental investigation of the spectral width of neutron resonances in planar waveguides using the time-of-flight method and recording the microbeam emerging from the waveguide end. Experimental data are compared with the results of theoretical calculations.     

Resolving power of gratings in planar multimode waveguides

A multimode planar grating spectrograph focuses, into the same point, all modes with equal propagation constants. Guided waves with equal propagation constants may have different free-space wavelengths within a bandwidth determined by the numerical aperture of this structure. The consequences for the spectral resolution of a multimode planar grating are quantitatively discussed.     

Spatial harmonics modelling of planar periodic segmented waveguides

A theoretical approach based on Bloch theorem and spatial harmonics has been used to investigate the propagation characteristics in planar periodic segmented waveguides. This analytical method allows to evaluate the field distribution, the effective index and the propagation losses of these structures, taking into account both the propagating and the counterpropagating field components, thus evidencing all the phenomena which can take place in: Bragg reflections, leaky waves, etc. Results for TE fields are presented and compared with those obtained using a paraxial 2D FD-BPM method and a Padé based one, showing that no more than (1, 1) order approximants are needed to provide good estimates of the device characteristics.     

Rugorous analysis of planar waveguides with two-dimensionally periodic layer

Rigorous analysis of planar waveguides with two-dimensionally periodic (2DP) layer is presented. Characteristic solutions in periodic layer are exactly represented by a double Fourier series known as the Floquet solutions. The vector amplitudes of space harmonics are proved to be governed by five-term recurrence relation in the operator-vector form for sinusoidal modulation. A general transmission-line network representation of two-dimensionally periodic medium and multiport network representation of uniform-periodic-medium interface are introduced. Any layered structures cascading with periodic ones can be analyzed. Numerical results based on the established theory are also presented to illustrate characteristics of 2DP medium and structure.     

Analysis and calculation of planar waveguides with two-dimensionally periodic interface

General two-demensionally periodic interface (2DPI) model are proposed to describe a class of two-dimensionally periodic structure. Rigorous mode matching techniques show that the existence of 2DPI introduces only one scalar set of Fourier coefficients in terms of which the general formulation of mode voltages and currents on the both side of 2DPI can be established. Any planar waveguide with arbitrary number of periodic and flat interfaces can then be analyzed. The dispersion curves are presented and compared with those from other models.The Project supported by National Science Foundation of China.     

Principal modes in multimode waveguides

We generalize the concept of principal states of polarization and prove the existence of principal modes in multimode waveguides. Principal modes do not suffer from modal dispersion to first order of frequency variation and form orthogonal bases at both the input and the output ends of the waveguide. We show that principal modes are generally different from eigenmodes, even in uniform waveguides, unlike the special case of a single-mode fiber with uniform birefringence. The difference is most pronounced when different eigenmodes possess similar group velocities and when their field patterns vary as a function of frequency. This work may provide a new basis for analysis and control of dispersion in multimode fiber systems.     

Modeling of single- and multimode photonic-crystal planar waveguides with the plane-wave admittance method

One-foil targets emit most transition radiation (TR) power in storage ring synchrotrons. Such one-foil TR emitting targets (OFTRTs) are optimized, with respect to the foil material and the foil thickness, for use as X-ray lithography (XRL) sources. The best possible elemental material and the foil thickness of OFTRTs for XRL are determined for our storage ring synchrotrons MIRROIRCLE-20SX and MIRRORCLE-6X, which operate with electrons accelerated to 20 MeV and 6 MeV, respectively. It is shown that the XRL efficiency of a OFTRT, with an optimum thickness, increases when the elemental foil material has a lower atomic number Z. The best elemental OFTRT, for performing XRL by MIRRORCLE-20SX, should contain one Be foil with a thickness of d≅240 nm, while the second best OFTRT should be made of one C foil with d≅220 nm. The best elemental OFTRT, for performing XRL by MIRRORCLE-6X, should contain one C foil with d≅35 nm, while the second best OFTRT should be made of one Be foil with d≅100 nm, because there are no thinner Be foils. The XRL efficiency of a C-foil OFTRT increases when a higher-density foil is used. A OFTRT containing one foil of a given material with optimum thickness, in MIRRORCLE-20SX, has approximately 100 times larger XRL efficiency in comparison with such a target in MIRRORCLE-6X. PACS 41.50.+h; 29.25.-t; 81.16.Nd; 41.60.Ap; 29.20.Dh     

Two-photon path-entangled states in multimode waveguides

We experimentally show that two-photon path-entangled states can be coherently manipulated by multimode interference in multimode waveguides. By measuring the output two-photon spatial correlation function versus the phase of the input state, we show that multimode waveguides perform as nearly ideal multiport beam splitters at the quantum level, creating a large variety of entangled and separable multipath two-photon states.     

Transmission characteristics in plasmonic multimode waveguides

In this article, we examine spectral transmission characteristics based on the self-imaging effect in plasmonic multimode waveguides. For the analysis, we calculate the correlation between an input field and the field in the self-imaging plane. We perform full vectorial computations using the Method of Lines as numerical method. The resulting transmission profile is discussed with regards to the attenuation, the even and odd mode sets and for several structural parameters of the plasmonic waveguide. The introduced transmission characteristic may offer the opportunity for the implementation of filtering operations in plasmonic waveguides.     

周期介质膜压缩光栅中的导模共振效应

使用耦合波法以及特征矩阵法计算了周期膜堆结构以及介质压缩光栅的本征值,研究了介质型压缩光栅产生导模共振现象的条件,并计算了导模共振点附近光栅的衍射效率曲线。针对导模共振效应对光栅应用的影响,提出了一种避开该效应的方法。计算结果表明：当介质折射率呈周期变化时,取光栅周期为0.667 μm,深度为0.6 μm时,可以避开导模共振效应。     

Interplay of local resonances and Bragg band gaps in acoustic waveguides with periodic detuned resonators

This letter is concerned with acoustic wave propagation and transmission in acoustic waveguides with periodically grafted detuned Helmholtz resonators. The interplay of local resonances and Bragg band gaps in such periodic systems is examined. It is shown that, when the resonant frequencies of the resonators are tuned close to a Bragg band gap, the behavior of the Bragg band gap can be affected dramatically. Particularly, by introducing appropriately tuned resonators, the bandwidth of a Bragg band gap can be reduced to zero, leading to a very narrow pass band with great wave attenuation performance near both band edges. The band formation mechanisms of such periodic waveguides are further examined, providing explicit formulae to locate the band edge frequencies of all the band gaps, as well as the conditions to achieve very narrow pass bands in such periodic waveguides.     

Loss calculations in bent multimode optical waveguides

We present a straightforward geometric optics method to calculate the power attenuation induced by a circular bend in the axis of a multimode optical waveguide. The method involves tracing of rays and use of generalized power transmission coefficients. Both slab and fibre waveguides (with either step-index or parabolic core profiles) have been considered; the source has been assumed to be Lambertian.     

Field focusing control in multimode plane-layered waveguides

The possibility of controlling localized fields in multimode regular waveguides on the basis of the interference invariant principle is studied by numerical simulation. It is demonstrated that, by tuning the radiation frequency of an array without changing the initial field distribution at the aperture, it is possible to perform the scanning by a focal spot in a waveguide. Estimates of the efficiency of this method depending on the size of a vertical linear array are presented.     

Macroscopic resonances in planar geometry

Resonating response is a characteristic feature of free-particle system contained between two vibrating planar surfaces. Resonance frequencies and widths are determined by a mean period of motion of particles reflected from the walls. Resonances due to quasiperiodic macroscopic motion appear when the interaction among quasi-particles by means of perturbations of the common self-consistent field is included. They have finite widths corresponding to collisionless Landau dissipation. Possible relationship of this phenomenon to nuclear giant resonances is discussed.     

Fano resonances in prism-coupled multimode square micropillar resonators

We report Fano resonances in a multimode square glass micropillar resonator; the resonances were obtained by using angle-resolved prism coupling. Our experiments reveal characteristically asymmetric line shapes of high-Q resonances and of detuned low-Q resonances in multimode reflection spectra. The asymmetric resonance line shapes evolve for an approximately pi phase within a 0.5 degree range of reflection angles. We model our observed asymmetric multimode resonances by the far-field interference between a light wave that is evanescently coupled with a high-Q mode orbit and a coherent light wave that is refractively coupled with a detuned low-Q mode orbit.     

High-transmission planar x-ray waveguides

We have studied the propagation of hard x rays in a planar x-ray waveguide with a sub-20 nm guiding layer. To optimize the transmission and to minimize absorption losses, a novel waveguide design based on a two-component cladding was implemented. Optimized transmission is achieved by placing an appropriate interlayer between the cladding and the guiding core. The experimental results along with simulations of field propagation show that high transmission values can be obtained in waveguide optics at parameters relevant for x-ray imaging. These are small beam diameters below 20 nm and the relatively long guiding length necessary for efficient blocking of multi-keV photon energy beams.     

On the pulse broadening in dielectric multimode waveguides

This paper presents theoretical results concerning pulse-broadening in multimode fibres. All the calculations are based on the geometric optic hypothesis. The results are given for different kinds of input functions in the case of a loss-free guide and an energy equidistribution. Subsequently, material and interface losses are included. The influence of angle-dependent energy distributions is also investigated. For all these cases analytical expressions are obtained. Experimental results are presented: they are in good agreement with theory.