细胞研究中的金属配合物-核酸相互作用

金属配合物与核酸相互作用的探讨对新型抗癌金属药物的设计、核酸结构的特异识别和核酸水解断裂的研究一直起着巨大的推动作用。不仅如此,配合物与核酸的相互作用已被引入细胞生物学研究中。本文利用一些典型的研究结果,对配合物与核酸相互作用应用于胞内DNA定位成像,对胞内信号转导和表观遗传的影响,以及金属配合物作为非病毒基因载体进行了总结。     

金属配合物作为蛋白酶体抑制剂的研究进展

蛋白酶体涉及机体的多种生理功能和许多疾病的发病机制.近年来的研究发现,金属配合物尤其是铜的配合物对肿瘤细胞中蛋白酶体活性有较强的抑制作用并能诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡.本文综述了金属配合物作为蛋白酶体抑制剂及肿瘤细胞凋亡诱导剂的研究进展.     

特异识别和切割DNA的过渡金属配合物

利用过渡金属配合物及其载体衍生物识别和切割ＤＮＡ是近十年来发展起来的新型分子生物学和基因工程工具试剂。作为ＤＮＡ构象变化的探讨，ＤＮＡ－蛋白质相互作用分析的足迹试，或基因组和染色体作图和测试的工具试剂已受到了广泛极大重视。     

金属配合物与DNA的弱相互作用

介绍了金属配合物与DNA相互作用的嵌入、沟槽和静电3种主要模式,并介绍了目前常用的研究方法,包括紫外-可见吸收光谱法、荧光光谱、黏度法、循环伏安法。     

冠醚过渡金属配合物的制备

碱金属、碱土金属、希土元素、锕系元素的阳离子与冠醚形成配合物的报导已有许多,但过渡金属Mn、Co、Ni、Cu的二价阳离子与冠醚形成配合物的报导却很少,而且不成系统,还未见到Fe~(3+)、Cr~(8+)与冠醚形成配合物的报导。我们以12-冠-4(Ⅰ)、15-冠-5(Ⅱ)、18-冠-6(Ⅲ)为配体,制备了Fe~(3+)、Cr~(3+)、Mn~(2+)、Co~(2+)、Ni~(2+)Cu~(2+)的硝酸盐和氯化物两系列配合物。     

过渡金属配合物断裂双链DNA及其机理

本文讨论了过渡金属配合物导致ＤＮＡ双链断裂的各种攫氢反应及碱基氧化机理,对由水解过程促进ＤＮＡ断裂的过渡金属配合物也作了介绍。     

D-氨基葡萄糖甘氨酸混配金属配合物与DNA作用的光谱研究

研究了４种Ｄ－氨基葡萄糖甘氨酸混配金属配合物的表面增强拉曼光谱（ＳＥＲＳ）,发现它们在银胶上的吸附方式基本相同,因而ＳＥＲＳ光谱相似,用电子光谱、荧光光谱、表面增强拉曼光谱研究了它们与ＤＮＡ的相互作用,发现这４种化合物与ＤＮＡ的作用能力有很大的不同,其中ＧｕＧｌｕＧ、Ｃｏ（Ⅲ）ＧｌｕＧ是值得进一步研究的可能抗癌的药物。     

富勒烯的金属配合物及其催化性能

富勒烯的金属配合物及其催化性能１）刘英陈远荫２）盛蓉生（武汉大学化学系武汉４３００７２）关键词富勒烯金属配合物催化分类号Ｏ６４３．３２碳元素的第三种存在形式富勒烯正以其独特的结构和性能以及诱人的应用前景引起人们日益浓厚的兴趣．其中又以Ｃ６０的研究为主...     

荧光法研究手性金属配合物与DNA的作用机理

以溴化乙锭为荧光探针，研究手性金属配合物［Ｎｉ（ｐｈｅｎ）３］＾＋和［Ｆｅ（ｐｈｅｎ）３］＾２＋与ＤＮＡ的反应机理。结果表明，配合物与ＤＮＡ作用存在插入和静电结合两种模式，即部分菲咯啉配体插入ＤＮＡ双螺旋碱基对中，同时带正电荷的配合物与ＤＮＡ的磷酸基团发生静电结合。     

Schiff碱,咪唑金属配合物合成及抗癌活性的荧光筛选研究

本文报道了一类新的Ｓｃｈｉｆｆ碱和唑的混合型金属配合物（即水杨醛缩甘氨酸，咪唑金属配合物和２．４－二羟基苯甲醛缩丙氨酸，咪唑金属配合物）的合成，以及用溴化乙锭荧光分析法对这类配合物与ＤＮＡ相互作用的研究。结果表明，其中金属镍配合物与ＤＮＡ的作用效明显，可作为具有抗癌作用的药物进行深入研究。     

Studies of poly-L-lysine-starch nanoparticle preparation and its application as gene carrier

The gene carrier system is the key factor in genetransfection and gene therapy. Suitable gene carriercan deliver the target gene into the receptor cells safely,highly efficiently, controllably, and then the gene isexpressed, thus accomplishing the gene tr…     

Studies of poly-<Emphasis Type="Italic">L</Emphasis>-lysine-starch nanoparticle preparation and its application as gene carrier

Anion starch nanoparticle (StNP) with a diameter of 50 nm was prepared in water-in-oil microemulsion, with soluble starch as raw materials and POCl₃ as crosslinking agent. PLL-StNP was prepared by linking poly-L-lysine (PLL) on the surface of StNP. At the same time, the size of PLL-StNP and its stability in aqueous solution were checked by AFM. The analysis of plasmid DNA binding, DNase I enzymatic degradation, toxicity and transfection were done. We discovered that PLL-StNP may be used as non-virus nanoparticle gene carrier. And we developed the method of preparing PLL-StNP gene carrier and used it in cell transfection. As non-virus gene carrier, PLL-StNP has some advantages, such as large load of DNA, high transfection efficiency, low cell toxicity and biodegradability.     

Inorganic nanoparticles as carriers of nucleic acids into cells

The transfer of nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) into living cells, that is, transfection, is a major technique in current biochemistry and molecular biology. This process permits the selective introduction of genetic material for protein synthesis as well as the selective inhibition of protein synthesis (antisense or gene silencing). As nucleic acids alone are not able to penetrate the cell wall, efficient carriers are needed. Besides viral, polymeric, and liposomal agents, inorganic nanoparticles are especially suitable for this purpose because they can be prepared and surface-functionalized in many different ways. Herein, the current state of the art is discussed from a chemical viewpoint. Advantages and disadvantages of the available methods are compared.     

Tuning of the methylimidazolium/imidazole balance in polycations for gene carrier

The chemical structure of methylated poly(1‐vinylimidazole) (PVIm‐Me) has been tuned for gene carrier properties, which are cell viability, the stability of its DNA polyion complexes, and gene expression. The resulting PVIm‐Me with lower methylation degree (6 and 20 mol%) exhibited no significant cytotoxicity, as compared with 40 mol% PVIm‐Me, in spite of the same concentration and chemical structure of positive charges. The DNA complex with 20 mol% PVIm‐Me stably retained the DNA, as compared with 6 or 40 mol% PVIm‐Me, which was examined by competitive exchange with dextran sulfate. As a result, the DNA complex with 20 mol% PVIm‐Me mediated most efficient gene delivery, where the resulting transfection activity was higher than that mediated by a positive control, poly(ethylenimine). These results suggest that the optimization of the balance of the methylimidazolium and the imidazole groups of PVIm‐Me is essential for gene carrier design. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

DNA体外缩合的研究进展

DNA缩合不仅是自然界常见的生理现象,也是非病毒载体介导基因转染的关键步骤。了解DNA体外缩合的性质与特征,将有助于设计出高效的非病毒转基因载体。本文综述了近十几年来以多价阳离子为缩合剂诱发的DNA体外缩合的研究进展,着重介绍了缩合的机理、过程、影响缩合的因素以及应用于转基因的最新成果。     

Novel biodegradable polymers as gene carriers

This study investigated two new biodegradable polymers as gene controlled-released coatings for gene transfer. Poly(ethylene glycol)-co-poly(D,L-lactic acid) (PELA) and poly(ethylene glycol)-co-poly(lactic acid)-co-poly(glycolic acid) random copolymer (PELGA) were synthesized and used as microspheres matrices with encapsulated plasmid pCH110. The plasmid loading efficiency, cytotoxicity, transfection efficiency and in vitro degradation and release profiles of microsphere complexes were evaluated in details. The biodegradable polymers showed high DNA loading efficiency and low cytotoxicity as gene controlled-released coatings, and the poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) contents of polymer matrices influenced the diameter, loading efficiency and transfection efficiency of plasmid DNA within the microspheres. The average diameters of PELA and PELGA microspheres were between 0.5 and 1.5 microm, and the plasmid loading efficiency was 62 and 73% for PELA and PELGA microspheres with 10% PEG content, respectively. In vitro testing showed a gradual release profile of DNA from polymeric matrices. The polymers/DNA microspheres had high transfection efficiency and early gene expression and maintenance of gene expression level for up to 96 h, although transfection efficiency were slightly lower than that of liposome in the initial 24 h. The biodegradable polymeric materials possess potential superiority as gene carriers.     

聚酰胺-胺型树枝状大分子及其衍生物在基因传递中的应用

基因治疗通过基因载体将治病基因导入病患的特异细胞以治疗心血管、神经系统疾病和癌症等。寻找安全高效的非病毒基因载体一直是基因治疗以及生物材料领域中的前沿课题。聚酰胺-胺型(PAMAM)树枝状高分子作为一类三维的、结构高度有序的新型载体,由于具有安全性好、易于修饰、携带外源基因容量大等特点,已经引起了广泛的关注。但是另一方面,合成步骤相对繁琐、后期产物纯化困难以及转染效率相对较低等问题限制了这类载体的进一步发展。本文结合本课题组的研究情况,针对如何提高PAMAM的转染效率以及增强其基因传递的靶向性等相关问题,对近几年在PAMAM树枝状分子修饰改性方面所做的一些有意义的工作进行了综述,并对前景进行了展望。     

6-苄氨基嘌呤及其金属配合物与DNA的作用机理

新型抗癌症药剂的开发和抗癌机理研究,一直是人们争相研究的前沿课题[1-5]。而许多预防和治疗癌症的药物都是以D N A为作用靶来设计的[6]。以D N A为靶分子的金属抗癌剂,其抗癌活性是由于金属离子与D N A的配位,即金属离子与D N A的某些亲核基团(如磷酸氧位点或碱基氮、氧位点)     

Self-assemblies of enzymatically degradable amphiphilic oligopeptides as nonviral gene carrier

Novel biodegradable oligopeptide-type gene carriers composed of cationic residues (KRRRKRKRRRKRKRRC) and oligo leucine segments were developed. The amphiphilic carrier was found to form micelle-like assemblies in aqueous solutions, when the oligo leucine is 12 amino acids length (Pep-L12). NMR, CMC, and GPC analysis revealed their hydrophobic/cationic core/shell morphology. Hydrophobic interaction between leucines is thought to be the major driving force behind formations of assemblies. The transient expression of luciferase introduced to COS-1 cells using Pep-L12 below the CMC is as low as that by the control cationic peptides without leucine residue (Pep-L0), while improved transgene expression was observed in the case of Pep-L12 above CMC. The self-assembly raised the apparent molecular weight and gene transfection ability without loosening their low cytotoxicity. These results indicate that the amphiphilic oligopeptides are very promising materials as highly efficient and less toxic gene carriers.