Divisible designs and groups

We study (s, k, ₁, ₂)-translation divisible designs with ₁0 in the singular and semi-regular case. Precisely, we describe singular (s, k, ₁, ₂)-TDD's by quasi-partitions of suitable quotient groups or subgroups of their translation groups. For semi-regular (s, k, ₁, ₂)-TDD's (and, more general, for the case ₂>₁) we prove that their translation groups are either Frobenius groups or p-groups of exponent p. Some examples are given for the singular, semi-regular and regular case.     

Topological influence of the presence of fully-λ-bases in locally convex spaces

This article reveals the topological impact of fully--bases in locally convex spaces where carries either the traditional normal topology or the fairly generalized-topology of Ruckle. It has been established that the generalized nuclearity of plays a significant role in influencing the topology of the space. Further, the equivalence of normal topology and the topology arising out of the fully--base ( being equipped with normal topology or-topology) has been investigated.We acknowledge with thanks the suggestions of the referee.     

Left linear theories — A generalization of module theory

In this paper we introduce left linear theories of exponentN (a set) on the setL as mapsL ×L ^N (l, ) l · L such that for alll L and , L ^N the relation (l · ) =l( · ) holds, where · L ^N is given by ( · )(i) = (i),i N. We assume thatL has a unit, that is an element L ^N withl · =l, for alll L, and · = , for all L ^N . Next, left (resp. right)L-modules andL-M-bimodules and their homomorphisms are defined and lead to categoriesL-Mod, Mod-L, andL-M-Mod. These categories are algebraic categories and their free objects are described explicitly. Finally, Hom(X, Y) andX Y are introduced and their properties are investigated.Herrn Professor Dr. D. Pumplün zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet     

Spectral parameter asymptotics of the Weyl solutions of Sturm-Liouville equations

In the paper one investigates the dependence of Weyl's solution ,)=c(,)+n()s(,) of the Sturm-Liouville equation y+q()y=²y on the spectral parameter . Under the condition that the potential q is bounded from below and q()exp(c₀+c[in1 ¦¦), it is proved for {ie217-01} for any positive values and A. If q()>1 and {ie217-02} for all >0, then in the semiplane >0 the Weyl solution (, ) is obtained from the Weyl solution (,x) is obtained from the Weyl solution e^ix with zero potential, with the aid of a generalization of B. Ya Levin's transformation operators.Translated from Zapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov Leningradskogo Otdeleniya Matematicheskogo Instituta im. V. A. Steklova Akademii Nauk SSSR, Vol. 170, pp. 184–206, 1989.I express my sincere gratitude to L. A. Pastur and I. V. Ostrovskii for valuable advice and discussions.     

On the lowest eigenvalue of the Laplacian for the intersection of two domains

IfA andB are two bounded domains in _n and (A), (B) are the lowest eigenvalues of – with Dirichlet boundary conditions then there is some translate,B _x, ofB such that (AB _x)<(A)+(B). A similar inequality holds for .There are two corollaries of this theorem: (i) A lower bound for sup _x {volume (AB _x)} in terms of (A), whenB is a ball; (ii) A compactness lemma for certain sequences inW ^1,p ( _n ).Work partially supported by U.S. National Science Foundation grant PHY-8116101 A01. AMS(MOS) Classification: 35P15     

On a problem of A. Pleijel

In 1955, Arne Pleijel proposed the following problem which remains unsolved to this day: Given a closed plane convex curve C and a point x() at a fixed distance above the plane, as the point x() varies, characterize the point for which the conical surface with vertex x() and base C attains its minimum, and determine the limits as 0 and of this minimum point. The purpose of this paper is to solve the cases where approach its extremities and in the course of the solution, we obtain an interesting characterization of the limit points, which we shall call the Pleijel points of C. A consequence is that the inner Pleijel point provides an upper bound for the isoperimetric defect of C. We also generalize the problem to higher dimensional spaces, and obtain the corresponding characterizations of the limiting points for convex surfaces.     

Reflecting stationary sets and successors of singular cardinals

REF is the statement that every stationary subset of a cardinal reflects, unless it fails to do so for a trivial reason. The main theorem, presented in Sect. 0, is that under suitable assumptions it is consistent that REF and there is a which is ⁺ⁿ -supercompact. The main concepts defined in Sect. 1 are PT, which is a certain statement about the existence of transversals, and the bad stationary set. It is shown that supercompactness (and even the failure of PT) implies the existence of non-reflecting stationary sets. E.g., if REF then for many PT(, ₁). In Sect. 2 it is shown that Easton-support iteration of suitable Levy collapses yield a universe with REF if for every singular which is a limit of supercompacts the bad stationary set concentrates on the right cofinalities. In Sect. 3 the use of oracle c.c. (and oracle proper—see [Sh-b, Chap. IV] and [Sh 100, Sect. 4]) is adapted to replacing the diamond by the Laver diamond. Using this, a universe as needed in Sect. 2 is forced, where one starts, and ends, with a universe with a proper class of supercompacts. In Sect. 4 bad sets are handled in ZFC. For a regular {<⁺ : cf<} is good. It is proved in ZFC that if=cf>₁ then {<⁺ : cf<} is the union of sets on which there are squares.     

The core of a chain complete poset with no one-way infinite fence and no tower

Like dismantling for finite posets, a perfect sequence = P : of a chain complete posetP represents a canonical procedure to produce a coreP . It has been proved that if the posetP contains no infinite antichain then this coreP is a retract ofP andP has the fixed point property iffP has this property. In this paper the condition of having no infinite antichain is replaced by a weaker one. We show that the same conclusion holds under the assumption thatP does not contain a one-way infinite fence or a tower.Supported by a grant from The National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

On the Gap between the First Eigenvalues of the Laplacian on Functions and p-Forms

We study the first positive eigenvalue ^(p) ₁(g) of the Laplacian on p-forms for a connected oriented closed Riemannianmanifold (M, g) of dimension m. We show that for 2 p m – 2 a connected oriented closed manifold M admits three metrics g _i (i = 1, 2, 3) such that ^(p) ₁(g ₁)> ⁽⁰⁾ ₁(g ₁),^(p) ₁(g ₂) < ⁽⁰⁾ ₁(g ₂) and^(p) ₁(g ₃)= ⁽⁰⁾ ₁(g ₃).Furthermore, if (M, g) admits a nontrivial parallel p-form,then ^(p) ₁ ⁽⁰⁾ ₁ always holds.     

Quasi-symmetric 3-designs with triangle-free graph

The following result is proved: Let D be a quasi-symmetric 3-design with intersection numbers x, y(0x<y<k). D has no three distinct blocks such that any two of them intersect in x points if and only if D is a Hadamard 3-design, or D has a parameter set (v, k, ) where v=(+2)(²+4+2)+1, k=²+3+2 and =1,2,..., or D is a complement of one of these designs.     

Ultrafilter translations

We develop a method for extending results about ultrafilters into a more general setting. In this paper we shall be mainly concerned with applications to cardinality logics. For example, assumingV=L, Gödel's Axiom of Constructibility, we prove that if > then the logic with the quantifier there exist many is (,)-compact if and only if either is weakly compact or is singular of cofinality<. As a corollary, for every infinite cardinals and , there exists a (,)-compact non-(,)-compact logic if and only if either < orcf<cf or < is weakly compact.Counterexamples are given showing that the above statements may fail, ifV=L is not assumed.However, without special assumptions, analogous results are obtained for the stronger notion of [,]-compactness.     

Ein Störungssatz für abgeschlossene,lineare Operatoren

Zusammenfassung In vorliegender Note wird ein Satz von Kato [7] über die Störung eines abgeschlossenen, normal auflösbaren OperatorsT mit endlichem Null-defekt (T) durch einen streng singulären Operator verallgemeinert. Zu diesem Zweck wird für jedes 0 mit Hilfe des Kuratowskischen Nichtkompaktheitsmaßes eine KlasseC von beschränkten, linearen Operatoren eingeführt, welche sowohl die streng singulären Operatoren als auch die OperatorenS mit S enthält.Das erzielte Resultat steht in engem Zusammenhang mit den Untersuchungen von Gol'denteinn, Gohberg und Markus [5] und von Gol'denteienn und Markus [6].     

A sandwich theorem and Hyers—Ulam stability of affine functions

It is shown that two real functionsf andg, defined on a real intervalI, satisfy the inequalitiesf(x + (1 – )y) g(x) + (1 – )g(y) andg(x + (1 – )y) f(x) + (1 – )f(y) for allx, y I and [0, 1], iff there exists an affine functionh: I such thatf h g. As a consequence we obtain a stability result of Hyers—Ulam type for affine functions.     

An infinite dimensional analogue of the Albeverio-Röckner's theorem on Fukushima's conjecture

LetX be the solution of the SDE:dX _t = (X _t)dB _t +b(X _t)dt, with andb C _b (R) such that >0 for some constant , andB a real Brownian motion. Let be the law ofX onE=C([0, 1],R) andk E* – {0}, whereE* is the topological dual space ofE. Consider the classical form: _k (u, v)=u / kv / kd, whereu andv are smooth functions onE. We prove that, if _k is closable for anyk in a dense subset ofE* and if the smooth functions are contained in the domain of the generator of the closure of _k , must be a constant function.     

Compact perturbation of definite type spectra of self-adjoint quadratic operator pencils

Self-adjoint quadratic operator pencilsL()= ² A + B + C with a noninvertible leading operatorA are considered. In particular, a characterization of the spectral points of positive and of negative type ofL is given, and their behavior under a compact perturbation is studied. These results are applied to a pencil arising in magnetohydrodynamics.     

The solubility of certain diophantine inequalities

Let ₁, ₂, ..., _s bes non-zero real numbers not all of the same sign and not all in rational ratio, andk be a natural number; letD(k) be the leasts for which the inequality < (maxn _j )^– has infinitely many solutions. In this paper, we give some new estimations ofD(k) fork 6.Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

Discrete Spectrum of Differential Operators in Spectral Gaps under Nonnegative Perturbations of High Order

Let A be a self-adjoint elliptic second-order differential operator, let (, ) be an inner gap in the spectrum of A, and let B(t) = A + tW ^* W, where W is a differential operator of higher order. Conditions are obtained under which the spectrum of the operator B(t) in the gap (, ) is either discrete, or does not accumulate to the right-hand boundary of the spectral gap, or is finite. The quantity N(, A, W, ), (, ), > 0 (the number of eigenvalues of the operator B(t) passing the point (, ) as t increases from 0 to ) is considered. Estimates of N(, A, W, ) are obtained. For the perturbation W ^* W of a special form, the asymptotics of N(, A, W, ) as + is given. Bibliography: 5 titles.     

The spectrum of an elliptic operator of second order

Under minimal requirements on the coefficients and the boundary of the domain it is proved that the spectrum of the first boundary-value problem for an elliptic operator of second order always lies in the half-plane Re , where is the leading eigenvalue to which there corresponds a nonnegative eigenfunction. On the line Re = , there are no other points of the spectrum.Translated from Matematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 351–358, September, 1976.     

Periodic solutions of singularly perturbed delay equations

We consider a general class of singularly perturbed delay differential systems depending on a singular parameter and another parameter . For =0, the equation defines a mapT which undergoes a generic period doubling at =0. If the bifurcation is supercritical (subcritical), these period two points define a stable period two square wave (unstable period two pulse wave). We give conditions on the vector field such that there is a sectorS in the , plane such that there is a unique periodic orbit if the parameters are inS, the orbit is stable (unstable) if the period doubling bifurcation is supercritical (subcritical) and approaches the square (pulse) wave as 0.Partially supported by NSF and DARPA.     

D λ -cycles in 3-cyclable graphs

Letk and be positive integers, andG a 2-connected graph of ordern with minimum degree and independence number. A cycleC ofG is called aD -cycle if every component ofG – V(C) has order smaller than. The graphG isk-cyclable if anyk vertices ofG lie on a common cycle. A previous result of the author is that if k 2, G isk-connected and every connected subgraphH ofG of order has at leastn +k ² + 1/k + 1 – vertices outsideH adjacent to at least one vertex ofH, thenG contains aD -cycle. Here it is conjectured that k-connected can be replaced by k-cyclable, and this is proved fork = 3. As a consequence it is shown that ifn 4 – 6, or ifG is triangle-free andn 8 – 10, thenG contains aD ₃-cycle orG , where denotes a well-known class of nonhamiltonian graphs of connectivity 2. As an analogue of a result of Nash-Williams it follows that ifn 4 – 6 and – 1, thenG is hamiltonian orG . The results are all best possible and compare favorably with recent results on hamiltonicity of graphs which are close to claw-free.