肽链体系中的长程电子转移: 酪氨酸与色氨酸间电子转移的理论研究

用电子转移的半经典模型和量子化学半经验方法对色氨酸-酪氨酸二肽体系进行电子转移动力学参数计算.用AM1方法分别优化给体、受体和桥体几何构型,用线性反应坐标的构造了给体和受体分子间电子转移的双势阱,得到两透热势能面交叉处的反应坐标为R=(约等于)0.10,并确定了反应的内重组能及反应热.对色氨酰酪氨酸和酪氨酰色氨酸体系进行闭壳层HF自洽场计算,按Koopmans定理计算体系分子轨道分裂能值A(三角形),在R约为0处发现了A(三角形)的极小值,从而获得色氨酰酪氨酸及酪氨酰色氨酸体系分子内电子转移的电子转移矩阵元V~D~A分别为0.96kJ.mol^-^1和0.87kJ.mol^-^1.采用Marcus双球模型估算反应的溶剂重组能为64.60kJ.mol^-^1。     

二氯二氰基苯醌及其阴离子自交换电子转移反应的理论研究

基于非平衡溶剂化能的约束平衡方法和溶剂重组能的新表达式, 实现了电子转移反应溶剂重组能的数值解, 研究了二氯二氰基苯醌(DDQ)及其阴离子体系DDQ-之间的自交换电子转移反应. 考虑了DDQ与DDQ-分子以平行方式形成受体-给体络合物时的两种构型. 引入线性反应坐标, 计算了该反应在不同溶剂中的溶剂重组能. 基于两态变分模型得到了反应的电子耦合矩阵元. 根据电子转移动力学模型, 计算了该自交换电子转移反应的速率常数.     

联苯负离子自由基与萘分子间长程电子转移的从头算研究

分离处理π σ π体系中的给体 ,受体和σ桥体 ,在HF/4 31G和HF/DZP水平上优化了联苯 ,联苯负离子自由基 ,萘和萘负离子自由基的几何构型 ,计算了分子间电子转移的内重组能 .取线性反应坐标R =0 .5 ,在STO 3G水平上用变分原理和分子轨道跃迁能方法 ,计算了π σ π体系自交换反应的电子转移矩阵元 .对交叉反应体系 ,沿线性反应坐标搜寻最小轨道能级分裂Δmin,确定了电子转移矩阵元和过渡态构型 .用Marcus双球模型计算液相电子转移的溶剂重组能 ,结合半经典模型计算了几种以联苯负离子自由基为给体 ,联苯和萘为受体的π σ π体系分子内电子转移速率常数 .     

苯硝化反应中电子转移反应重组能的计算

提出了重组能的量子化学算法,在用CISD/6-31G基组水平上,得到苯硝化反应中反应物及过渡态的结构.并计算了各自交换电子转移反应以及交叉电子转移反应的重组能,同实验重组能进行了比较.计算用了Gaussian 94程序.从重组能的角度分析了苯硝化反应.结果表明,对于NO2++NO2→NO2+NO2+的自交换电子转移反应,重组能较大,结论为: 在芳烃硝化反应中,存在以NO2+为氧化剂的电子转移步骤的可能性很小,而从动力学的角度上,用NO+作反应的氧化剂更有可能.     

某些电荷转移反应中线性反应坐标确定的反应途径的非唯一性

在电子转移半经典模型的基础上,对氟代苯并菲组成的盘状液晶体系的电荷转移反应进行了研究,其反应动力学参数在量子化学B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)水平进行计算.研究中发现在反应物和产物的构型确定后,用线性反应坐标构造的反应途径和过渡态的构型不是唯一的.其原因是反应物和产物确定后,其独立内坐标的选择并不是唯一的.因此在计算电荷转移速率常数时必须考虑到多个过渡态构型才能得到定性正确的结果.     

取代基对醌的结构及电子转移能力的影响

用半经验的AM1,abinitio(HF/3-21G,HF/6-31G^*),及密度泛函[B3LYP/6-31G^*,B3LYP/6-311G(d,p)]方法对1,4-苯酯及其阴离子的结构与性质进行了研究。在此基础上用AM1及BLYP/6-31G(d,p)方法对泛醌Q~0,用AM1方法对泛醌Q~1,泛醌Q~2及其阴离子的结构与性质进行了研究。研究结果表明,由于取代基的影响,泛醌的环平面发生了扭曲,环上原子不再位于同一平面上。结构的变化导致了电子分布发生了变化,并由此导致了偶极矩随6位上取代基的增大而增大。随着6位支链的增长,泛醌的电离势逐渐减小而电子亲和势逐渐增大,泛醌传递电子的能力增强。在上述研究的基础上,对1,4-苯醌及泛醌的自交换电子转移反应过程进行了过程,计算了反应的内重组能,溶剂重组能及电子转移速率常数。结果表明内重组能的大小与取代基的长短无直接关系,而与得电子前后醌的结构变化程度密切相关。除高频振动的变化外,低频振动的变化对内重组能也有显著的贡献。计算所得1,4-苯醌自交换电子转移反应速率常数与实验值相符得很好。     

肽链体系中的长程电子转移: 多肽构象和旁链间距对电子转移矩阵元的影响

用AM1半经验方法,优化了吲哚和苯酚中性分子、正离子自由基和负离子自由基的几何构型。用线性反应坐标近似和溶剂效庆的类导体屏蔽模型（COSMO）构造吲哚正离子和苯酚中性分子间电子转移的双势阱,用以估算多肽链中色氨酸和酪氨酸之间的电子转移的反应热和内重组能。优化TrpH-(Pro)n-TyrOH(n=0-3)多肽模型分子的结构和构象,用能级分裂因子的极小值方法计算了这些多肽体系的电子转移矩阵元。     

芳烃硝化中的NO_2~++NO→NO_2+NO~+电子转移

用电子转移半经典理论,在谐振势近似下,导出交叉反应电子转移的动力学模型,在UHF/6-31G基组水平上,优化电子转移NO_2~++NO→NO_2+NO~+的碰撞络合物结构,用线性反应坐标研究了电子转移反应的透热势能面,反应活化能,电子转移矩阵元等动力学参量,对此交叉反应及相应的自交换反应体系NO_2~+/NO_2和NO~+/NO作动力学计算,得这3个基元步骤的活化能分别为81.4,128.8,和39.3KJ·mol~1.用过渡态结构参数估算溶剂重组对活化能的贡献,计算了300K时的速率常数.高的活化能垒可能影响NO_2~+在芳烃硝化中作为氧化剂的反应活性.     

含酪氨酸和色氨酸的肽内电子转移的溶剂重组能计算

基于连续介质模型，本文考察了多肽体系Trp-(Pro)n-Tyr (n=1,2) 从酪氨酸到色氨酸的分子内电子转移，并根据电荷定域的反应物和产物构型和线性反应坐标近似构造了电子转移的双势阱，通过势能曲线的交叉点确定了电子转移过渡态。本文重点讨论了电子转移溶剂重组能。根据作者的非平衡溶剂化理论和可极化连续介质模型编写了溶剂重组能计算程序并用于本文体系的计算。计算得到Trp-Pro-Tyr 和Trp-(Pro)2-Tyr.体系的溶剂重组能分别为20.89 kcal/mol和25.30 kcal/mol.     

有机共轭体系电子转移反应的溶剂重组能

应用Marcus双球模型计算溶剂重组能λs时,在AM1法优化给受体几何构型基础上,提出了共轭体系电子云分布的扁球模型,并用统计的方法求出了rD/A.同时依照Miller等的处理办法,结合其他理论及实验证据将电子转移交叉反应中联苯分子的扭转能计入溶剂重组能λs中,从而用实验速率常数拟合出含扭转能的λs值.此实验拟合值与扁球法得到的λs计算值吻合得很好.通过比较理论值与实验值,发现了给受体间距的大小、受体分子的变化、溶剂的不同对λs计算值相对λs实验值的偏差的影响,直接证实了电子给受体的耦合作用,溶剂分子参与的超交换电子转移及溶质溶剂分子表面相互作用等量子因素造成的实际反应体系对溶剂经典连续介质模型的偏离.     

Dipole–reaction field interaction model for the solvent reorganization energy and its application to the benzoquinone–benzoquinone anion radical system

 Based on the spherical cavity approximation and the Onsager model, a dipole–reaction field interaction model has been proposed to elucidate the solvent reorganization energy of electron transfer (ET). This treatment only needs the cavity radius and the solute dipole moment in the evaluation of the solvent reorganization energy, and fits spherelike systems well. As an application, the ET reaction between p-benzoquinone and its anion radical has been investigated. The inner reorganization energy has been calculated at the level of MP2/6–31+G, and the solvent reorganization energies of different conformations have been evaluated by using the self-consistent reaction field approach at the HF/6–31+G level. Discussions have been made on the cavity radii and the values are found to be reasonable when compared with the experimental ones of some analogous intramolecular ET reactions. The ET matrix element has been determined on the basis of the two-state model. The fact that the value of the ET matrix element is about 10 times larger than RT indicates that this ET reaction can be treated as an adiabatic one. By invoking the classical Marcus ET model, a value of 4.9 × 10⁷M⁻¹s⁻¹ was obtained for the second-order rate constant, and it agrees quite well with the experimental one. Received: 19 October 2001 / Accepted: 17 January 2002 / Published online: 3 May 2002     

卟啉酞菁模型化合物光致电子转移研究

本文采用时间相关单光子计数对卟啉酞菁ＴＴＰ－（ＣＨ２）ｎ－Ｐｃ模型化合物的光致电子转移进行了研究，发现激发Ｐｃ时，呈现单指数衰减，ｎ＝４时电子转移速率减小，活化能，重排能增加，电子转移效率下降，电子转移反应△ＧＣＳ与电荷分离活化络合物衰变速率ＫＣＴ，按以下规律：△Ｇ＾（５）ＣＳ〉△＾（３）ＣＳ〉△＾（４）ＣＳ〉△＾（２）ＣＳ，ｋ＾（２）ＣＳ〉ｋ＾（３）ＣＳ〉ｋ＾（４）ＣＳ〉ｋ＾（５）ｃｓ。其△Ｇ＾     

Theoretical Study on Electron Transfer Matrix Element in Oxidation of α—Amino Carbon—Centered Radical by O2

As a successive work of our previous paper,^1the electron transfer matrix element(Vrp)in the oxidation of the simplified model molecule of α-amino carbon-centered radical by O2 has been investigated with ab initio calculation at the level of UHF/6-31 G**.Based on the optimized geometries of the reactgant and the ion-pair complex obtained previously,the reaction heat and the iuner reorganization energy have been obtained by constructing the potential energy curves of reactant and product states considering the solvent effect with the conductor-like screening model(COSMO).The solvent reorganization energy has been estimated using Lippert-Mataga relationship.The calculated results show that the value of Vrp is several times larger than that of RT,which means that the model reaction is an adiabatic one.Theoretical investigation indicates that the solvent effect on the direct electron transfer (ET) process of oxidation of α-amino carbon-centered radical by oxygen is remarkable.     

Charge separation reaction in clusters of polar molecules: MD simulations

Rate constant of intermolecular electron transfer (ET) in a photoexcited donor-acceptor model system solvated by a cluster of polar molecules has been expressed in terms of the statistical distribution of the electrostatic potential energy difference between the reacting sites. This distribution has been calculated for a particular case of acetonitrile clusters a ≈120 K by MD computer simulation. The MD values of the cluster reorganization energy and the ET rate constant have been compared with the corresponding MD results for the donor-acceptor pair solvated in bulk acetonitrile and with theoretical predictions based on the continuum model.     

Ab initio study of long-range electron transfer between biphenyl anion radical and naphthalene

After the separation of the donor, the acceptor, and the σ-type bridge from the π-σ-π system, the geometries of biphenyl, biphenyl anion radical, naphthalene, and naphthalene anion radical are optimized, and then the reorganization energy for the intermolecular electron transfer (ET) at the levels of HF/4-31G and HF/DZP is calculated. The ET matrix elements of the self-exchange reactions of theπ-σ-π systems have been calculated by means of both the direct calculation based on the variational principle, and the transition energy between the molecular orbitals at the linear coordinateR = 0.5. For the cross reactions, the ET matrix element and the geometry of the transition state are determined by searching the minimum energy splitting Δ_min along the reaction coordinate. In the evaluation of the solvent reorganization energy of the ET in solution, the Marcus’ two- sphere model has been invoked. A few of ET rate constants for the intramolecular ET reactions for the π-σ-π systems, which contain the biphenylyl as the donor and both biphenylyl and naphthyl as the acceptor, have been obtained. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 29706104 and 29573112), the State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry of Jilin University.     

Electron transfer rates and Franck–Condon factors: an application to the early electron transfer steps in photosynthetic reaction centers

Mechanistic aspects of some of the early electron transfer steps occurring in photosynthetic reaction centers are discussed. Starting from the normal modes of the redox cofactors involved in the electron transfer processes, we show how a series of quantities which regulate electron transfer rates, such as (i) the electron transfer active modes, (ii) the intramolecular reorganization energy, and (iii) the mutual couplings between the vibronic states of the donor and the acceptor, can be obtained and used to draw qualitative conclusions on ET rates.     

Theoretical Study of the Inner/sphere Reorganization Energy and Activation Energy of Self/exchange Electron Transfer Reaction for M(H2O)26+/3+ (M=V, Cr, Mn, Fe and Co) Systems

通过建立电子转移过程的活化模型和重组模型, 提出了用量子化学从头算方法研究电子转移过程内层重组能和活化能的新方法. 在UMP26/311G水平上获得了5对过渡金属水合离子体系M(H     

溶液中M(H_2O)_6~(2+/3+)(M=V,Cr,Mn,Fe,Co)自交换电子转移体系内层重组能和活化能的理论研究

通过建立电子转移过程的活化模型和重组模型,提出了用量子化学从头算方法研究电子转移过程内层重组能和活化能的新方法．在ＵＭＰ２／６－３１１Ｇ水平上获得了５对过渡金属水合离子体系Ｍ（Ｈ２Ｏ）２＋／３＋６（Ｍ＝Ｖ,Ｃｒ,Ｍｎ,Ｆｅ,Ｃｏ）自交换反应的内层重组能和活化能,获得了与Ｍａｒｃｕｓ电子转移理论相一致的结果     

Effect of protein relaxation on electron transfer from the cytochrome subunit to the bacteriochlorophyll dimer in Rps. sulfoviridis reaction centers within mixed adiabatic/nonadiabatic model

The broad set of nonexponential electron transfer (ET) kinetics in reaction centers (RC) from Rhodopseudomonas sulfoviridis in temperature range 297-40 K are described within a mixed adiabatic/nonadiabatic model. The key point of the model is the combination of Sumi-Marcus and Rips-Jortner approaches which can be represented by the separate contributions of temperature-independent vibrational (v) and temperature-dependent diffusive (d) coordinates to the preexponential factor, to the free energy of reaction DeltaG=DeltaG(v)+DeltaG(d)(T) and to the reorganization energy lambda=lambda(v)+lambda(d)(T). The broad distribution of protein dielectric relaxation times along the diffusive coordinate is considered within the Davidson-Cole formalism.