线性相位反演传感器与哈特曼传感器的实验研究对比

为了进一步分析线性相位反演波前传感器的性能,搭建了基于线性相位反演测量方法的波前传感器的实验装置.针对各种波前随机像差,同时用线性相位波前传感器和哈特曼波前传感器进行测量和复原,将复原结果进行对比.分析了不同的探测分辨力和不同泽尼克复原阶数对线性相位反演传感器复原结果的影响.分析了靶面分辨力,合理的靶面大小对复原精度是有利的,肯定了线性相位反演波前传感器可以用较少的探测单元实现相似精度的测量,采样靶面像素为8 pixel×8 pixel时,误差系数仍很小.利用对随机像差片进行不同阶数的复原,线性相位反演波前传感器的复原残差的误差率基本都在0.25以下,能对前35阶像差进行比较精确的复原.     

一种线性相位反演波前测量方法的原理和性能初步分析

对一种基于线性相位反演的新型波前测量方法的基本原理和性能进行了研究。事先对成像光学系统的自身像差进行定标并记录下定标图像。传感器工作时只需测量出有像差时的一幅远场图像与定标图像的差,就可以用线性矩阵相乘方法得到待测像差对应的泽尼克多项式系数。讨论了这种线性相位反演波前测量方法中确定泽尼克模式复原矩阵的方法。以大气湍流畸变波前像差的测量为例,对这种线性相位反演波前测量方法进行了数值仿真研究。结果表明,这种线性相位反演算法具有空间分辨力高、对小像差测量精度高的特点,但测量动态范围有限。这种线性相位反演波前传感器将适用于自适应光学闭环系统。     

哈特曼夏克传感器的泽尼克模式波前复原误差

利用哈特曼－夏克传感器测量圆孔径内波像差时，通常使用泽尼模式复原算法。推导了一般情况下哈特曼－夏克传感器泽尼克模式波前复原误差的计算公式。用哈特曼－夏克传感器测量一个像差板的随机静态像差，通过与ZYGO干涉仪的测量结果比较，得到不同泽尼克模式复原阶数下的波前复原误差的实验结果，并与理论计算结果进行了对比。     

对一种线性相位反演波前测量方法的数值仿真

 利用数值仿真方法对一种基于线性相位反演波前测量方法的性能进行了详细分析。讨论了这种线性相位反演波前测量方法的定标过程，描述了基于线性相位反演算法的波前传感器的基本组成结构。利用数值仿真计算，分析了系统自身像差和模式标定系数对这种波前传感器性能的影响，通过复原矩阵条件数，分析了靶面像素和这种波前测量方法的空间分辨力的关系。仿真结果验证了该种新型线性相位反演波前测量方法的可行性。     

渐进多焦点镜片波前像差的扩束测量方法

利用波前传感器测量自由曲面镜片时,由于自由曲面镜片的直径通常大于波前传感器的接收孔径,主要采用子孔径拼接技术测量镜片的波前像差。针对子孔径拼接技术测量中存在着操作繁琐、数据处理量大等问题,提出渐进多焦点镜片波前像差的扩束测量方法,得到渐进多焦点镜片中央直径为22 mm圆形区域内的波前像差。为了验证试验的可靠性,将测量得到的波前像差泽尼克表述中的离焦项转换为球镜度,与条纹偏折法测量得到镜片的球镜度进行对比实验,实验结果证明了渐进多焦点镜片波前像差的扩束测量方法可以用于渐进多焦点镜片波前像差的检测。     

无调制两面锥波前传感器的衍射理论分析和数值仿真

两面锥波前传感器(two-sided pyramid wavefront Sensor,TSPWFS)是一种高空间采样率和高光能利用率的波前传感器.为了深入研究它的波前复原原理,采用波动光学理论详细推导了无调制TSPWFS的衍射理论,给出了无调制TSPWFS波前复原时线性重构矩阵的解析解,并且通过数值仿真确定出最佳的光瞳像中心间距,并对静态像差的波前复原及闭环校正进行数值仿真.分析结果表明,无调制TSPWFS具有波前复原时不需要现场测量响应矩阵,可以校正系统像差,闭环校正结果稳定等优点,可以在实际自适应光学系统中进行波前探测. 关键词： 自适应光学 两面锥波前传感器 波前复原     

湍流大气中哈特曼传感器的模式波前复原误差II

 分别采用Zernike和Karhunen-Loeve两种模式波前复原法,分析了在子孔径斜率测量噪声影响下,哈特曼传感器对大气湍流畸变波前的模式复原误差与模式复原阶数等的关系。发现最优模式复原阶数主要与哈特曼传感器的子孔径斜率探测信噪比有关。分析了一个哈特曼传感器对实际大气湍流畸变波前的测量结果,给出了确定传感器测量噪声的方法。     

自由曲面镜片波前像差扩束-缩束拼接技术

为解决波前传感器检测自由曲面镜片时测量口径不匹配,在拼接检测方法中测量过程及数据处理较为繁琐等问题,提出了一种测量自由曲面镜片的方法.该方法在扩大单次测量光束直径后对自由曲面镜片波前像差进行检测,再由波前传感器接收缩小后的带有扩束测量区域波前信息的光束.设计光路测量得到4个直径扩大10倍后的子孔径波前像差,完成扩束子孔径的波前重构及拼接.为验证实验的可靠性,对测得的扩束子孔径进行波前重构后与哈特曼传感器生成的子孔径像差峰谷值进行比较,并观察扩束子孔径拼接波面的平整性.实验结果表明:该方法能有效增大小口径波前传感器的测量范围,提高检测效率,可以用于大口径镜片的波前像差检测上.     

基于瀑布型多重网格加速的复指数波前复原算法

激光在大气中传输时,由于强湍流或长传输距离的影响,畸变波前中出现由相位起点组成的不连续相位,现有波前复原算法不能有效复原不连续相位,使得自适应光学系统校正效果下降甚至失效.本文分析了最小二乘波前复原算法不能复原相位奇点的原因,提出了基于瀑布型多重网格加速的复指数波前复原算法,给出了复指数波前复原算法中迭代计算、降采样、插值计算的实现方式.研究了该方法对不连续相位和随机连续相位的复原能力,数值分析了采用复指数波前复原算法的自适应光学系统对大气湍流像差的校正效果.仿真结果表明,同等复原精度下,相比直接迭代过程,该方法所需浮点乘数目减少了近2个数量级,且随着夏克-哈特曼波前传感器子孔径数目增加,其在计算量上的优势更加明显. Rytov方差较大时,相比直接斜率法,自适应光学系统采用复指数波前复原算法后校正光束Strehl比提升1倍.     

湍流大气中哈特曼传感器的模式波前复原误差

 分别采用Zernike和Karhunen-loeve两种模式波前复原法,分析了子孔径斜率测量不受噪声影响的理想情况下,哈特曼传感器对大气湍流畸变波前的模式复原误差与大气湍流相干长度、传感器的结构尺寸、模式复原阶数等的关系。结果表明Karhunen-loeve模式法比Zernike模式法的波前复原误差更小些。     

一种新型人眼波前像差测量补偿系统的研究

离焦是人眼中最主要的像差之一,离焦量过大会严重影响人眼波前像差的测量及矫正精度。为了消除离焦在此方面带来的影响,设计了带有补偿装置的人眼波前像差测量及矫正系统。重点分析了该系统的原理、结构和工作流程。运用Hartmann-Shack波前传感器测量了人眼波前像差,并使用变形反射镜对人眼波前像差进行矫正。对模拟人眼矫正离焦前后的光斑点阵图和波前三维重构图进行了对比分析。研究表明,通过离焦补偿系统对模拟人眼的离焦量进行矫正,使被测量人眼的离焦量由2.020D和-2.035D分别减小到0.011D和-0.007D;通过调焦系统,使显示器上显示出的人眼光斑点阵图由模糊变清晰,提高了信标光在人眼眼底的成像质量。     

Compensating laser wave-front aberration in atmosphere 1.27 km away with SBS

It is reported that the wave-front aberration produced by atmosphere disturbance can be compensated with nonlinear optics phase conjugate technology. The distance of laser propagating in atmosphere is up to 1.27 km away. The result shows that SBS phase conjugating beam energy can be focus in a little area on target. And the biggest energy of phase conjugating beam on target is up to 142 mJ.     

A modified phase diversity diffraction wavefront sensor with a grating

The phase diversity wavefront sensor is one of the tools used to estimate wavefront aberration, and it is often used as a wavefront sensor in adaptive optics systems. However, the performance of the traditional phase diversity wavefront sensor is limited by the accuracy and dynamic ranges of the intensity distribution at the focus and defocus positions of the CCD camera. In this paper, a modified phase diversity wavefront sensor based on a diffraction grating is proposed to improve the ability to measure the wavefront aberration with larger amplitude and higher spatial frequency. The basic principle and the optics construction of the proposed method are also described in detail. The noise propagation property of the proposed method is also analysed by using the numerical simulation method, and comparison between the diffraction grating phase diversity wavefront sensor and the traditional phase diversity wavefront sensor is also made. The simulation results show that the diffraction grating phase diversity wavefront sensor can obviously improve the ability to measure the wavefront aberration, especially the wavefront aberration with larger amplitude and higher spatial frequency.     

A modified phase diversity wavefront sensor with a diffraction grating

Phase diversity wavefront sensor is one of the useful tools to estimate the wavefront aberration, and it is often used as a wavefront sensor in adaptive optics system. However, the performance of the traditional phase diversity wavefront sensor is limited by the accuracy and dynamic ranges of the intensity distribution at focus and defocus positions of the CCD camera. In this paper, a modified phase diversity wavefront sensor based on a diffraction grating is proposed to improve the ability to measure the wavefront aberration with larger amplitude and higher spatial frequency. The basic principle and the optics construction of the proposed method are also described in detail. The noise propagation property of the proposed method is also analysed by using the numerical simulation method, and comparison between the diffraction grating phase diversity wavefront sensor and the traditional phase diversity wavefront sensor is also made. The simulation results show that the diffraction grating phase diversity wavefront sensor can obviously improve the ability to measure the wavefront aberration, especially the wavefront aberration with larger amplitude and higher spatial frequency.     

用于人眼视网膜成像照明的激光消散斑技术研究

以近红外激光(808 nm)作为人眼波前像差探测的信号光和视网膜成像的照明光,液晶空间光调制器(LCOS)作为波前校正器,用哈特曼波前探测器探测人眼像差,构建了人眼像差自适应校正的视网膜成像系统.利用模拟眼分析了激光散斑对相机成像的影响和对哈特曼波前探测器进行像差探测的影响,同时验证了利用旋转散射体的方法消除激光散斑的可行性和有效性;用活体人眼进行了激光消散斑前后照明视网膜进行成像的对比实验,并进一步利用自适应光学技术实现了对人眼像差的动态校正和视网膜细胞的连续成像.校正后,系统波前像差的均方根值小于0.1λ.实验表明激光消散斑后可以同时作为人眼像差探测的信号光和视网膜成像的照明光,从而可以进行连续自适应校正和成像.     

Eye models for the prediction of contrast vision in patients with new intraocular lens designs

Theoretical calculations of the polychromatic modulation transfer function (MTF) and wave-front aberration were performed with physiological eye models. These eye models have an amount of spherical aberration that is representative of a normal population of pseudophakic eyes implanted with two different types of intraocular lens (IOL) made from high-refractive-index silicone. These theoretical calculations were compared with the measured contrast sensitivity function (CSF) under mesopic lighting conditions and with wave-front aberration (obtained with a Hartmann-Shack wave-front sensor) collected from 37 patients bilaterally implanted with the same types of lens. The relationships between the ocular wave-front aberration and the MTF predicted by the eye models and the CSF and the ocular wave-front aberration measured in eyes implanted with IOLs were investigated. The predicted improvements in MTF and wave-front aberration correlated well with the improvements measured in practice. Physiological eye models are therefore useful tools for IOL design.     

Linear phase retrieval for wave-front sensing

Phase retrieval from one or more intensity measurements is a potentially powerful and appealing technique for real-time adaptive-optics wave-front sensors. Under the assumption of small wave-front phase excursions, one is able to derive an exact solution to the inverse problem given three or more intensity measurements with known phase offsets. Applications include a high-order wave-front sensor to correct for residual aberrations in an adaptive-optics system in tandem with a low-resolution Hartmann-Shack wave-front sensor. The formula can also furnish mathematical insights into the full nonlinear phase-retrieval task.     

Analysis and demonstration of multiplexed phase computer-generated hologram for modal wavefront sensing

We propose to implement a modal wavefront sensor (MWS) using a multiplexed phase computer-generated hologram (MPCGH). Based on general orthogonal aberration modes, the theoretical treatments of the MWS employing a MPCGH are presented with scalar diffraction approximations and Fourier analysis. Under the small aberration approximations, we give the analytical formula for characterizing the relationship between the sensor signal and the amplitude of the aberration mode. We design several MPCGHs with an effective method of modified off-axis reference beam holograms superposition, and code some common orthogonal Zernike aberration modes into the MPCGH. The numerical simulation is carried out to investigate the performance of MWS to detect particular aberration mode(s). The results exhibit the expected responses of the corresponding symmetric spot pair, and indicate that the wavefront distorted by a special Zernike aberration mode, after modulated by the MPCGH, can be transformed into beams with an intensity-normalized differential signal, which can reflect the change trend of the aberration coefficients in the test wavefront. The experimental demonstration with designed MPCGHs in conjunction with two phase-only spatial light modulators was carried out to test the performance of the MWS.     

Theoretical analysis of imaging properties of a pressure-actuated deformable mirror for adaptive compensation of rotationally symmetrical wavefronts

Our work presents a theoretical analysis of aberration properties of a simple single-channel deformable mirror from both the aspect of modeling the shape of the mirror reflecting surface and the mechanisms of wave-front correction using such mirror. The proposed mirror can be used for a compensation of rotationally symmetrical wavefronts, e.g. focusing of optical beams, adaptive change of resonator parameters in laser technology, phase shifting, etc. The detailed analysis of possibilities of wave-front correction was performed.     

利用Cramér-Rao理论研究相位差法的最佳离焦量

 针对光子数足够多的情况,利用Cramér-Rao理论研究了在选取离焦作为附加像差时,不同的待测波前和目标对最佳离焦量选取的影响。结果表明:在点目标情况下,像差的大小和空间频率对最佳离焦量的影响不大;而在扩展目标情况下,最佳离焦量虽然与待测像差的空间频率关系不明显,但随着待测像差峰谷值的增大而增大。最佳离焦量与目标的结构有关而与其扩展程度关系不大,成像时目标上各点的干扰越大,最佳离焦量越大。