Synthesis and Characterization of PANI/ZnO Nanocomposites

This paper presents our results on the successful fabrication of HCl‐doped polyaniline (PANI)/ZnO nanocomposites via an electrochemical synthesis route. Different weight percents of ZnO nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed in the PANI matrix. The interaction between the dispersed ZnO nanoparticle and PANI was studied using X‐ray diffraction, ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, thermogravimetry, and transmission electron microscopy. It is shown that the doping state of the PANI/ZnO nanocomposite is highly improved as compared to that of PANI. The dispersed PANI/ZnO nanocomposites exhibit enhanced PL behavior and thermal stability.     

导电聚苯胺与磁性CoFe2O4纳米复合物的合成及其电磁性能

在利用HNO3处理CoFe2O4磁性纳米粒子使其表面离子化、分散性得到改善的基础上, 采用苯胺在其表面原位聚合, 制备了具有电磁功能的聚苯胺(PANI)/CoFe2O4纳米复合物. 借助TEM、XRD、FT-IR、四探针电导率仪和VSM(振动样品磁强计)等分析手段研究了复合物的形貌、结构及其电磁性能. 结果表明, CoFe2O4以25 nm左右的粒子分散于聚苯胺基体中, 被其完全包覆, CoFe2O4与PANI之间存在化学键合作用; 复合物同时具有电性能和磁性能, 其导电率随CoFe2O4含量增加而降低, 饱和磁化强度随之升高, 而矫顽力在所研究的范围内则先增大而后又减小, 且均高于CoFe2O4的矫顽力.     

PI/PANI复合材料的制备与表征

以纳米聚苯胺为电磁波的吸收剂,高强度、耐高温的聚酰亚胺为基体设计与制备了高强度、耐热、质轻、薄和吸收宽的新型纳米复合吸波材料.利用微乳液法,以十二烷基苯磺酸(DBSA)为乳化剂和掺杂剂,以过硫酸铵(APS)为氧化剂合成了纳米级聚苯胺(PANI).在此基础上,以PANI的NMP溶液为均苯四甲酸二酐(PMDA)与4,4′-二氨基二苯醚(ODA)的聚合场所,室温下,原位聚合出PANI/聚酰胺酸(PAA)复合材料,再经过亚胺化制备出了PANI/PI复合材料.利用XRD表征了聚合物的结晶形态.红外光谱表征了中间体和聚合物.利用场发射扫描电镜发现PANI/PI复合材料呈现海岛结构,PANI像岛屿一样分散在PI的连续相中,两种材料复合并没有破坏各自的结晶形态.利用数字电桥和自制电极表征了不同含量复合材料的损耗性能,当聚苯胺加到3.4%以上时,复合材料的损耗因数提高了,并且随着频率的增大损耗因数直线增大.     

One-step synthesis of PANI/Mn3O4 nanocomposites and evaluation of their electrochemical properties

In this paper, we have developed a simple, facile, and efficient approach to synthesize polyaniline/Mn₃O₄ (PANI/Mn₃O₄) nanocomposites using aniline as a reducer in the presence of KMnO₄ without any additives or templates. The morphology of the composites is characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results demonstrate that the tetrahedral Mn₃O₄ nanoparticles have uniform sizes and are finely dispersed in the PANI matrix. The crystallinity and chemical constituents of the composites are characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV-vis spectrophotometry. Moreover, cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements are used to characterize the electrochemical properties of PANI/Mn₃O₄ nanocomposites. The developed materials give a pair of redox peaks and have better operation stability, which indicates that the composites show distinct electrochemical performance. So the PANI/Mn₃O₄ nanocomposites would have potential applications in bioanalysis, biodetection and so on.     

Influence of silver-decorated multi-walled carbon nanotubes on electrochemical performance of polyaniline-based electrodes

In this work, silver (Ag) nanoparticles were deposited on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) by chemical reduction while Ag-decorated MWNTs (Ag-MWNTs)/polyaniline (PANI) composites were prepared by oxidation polymerization. The effect of the Ag incorporated into the interface of the composites on the electrochemical performance of the MWNTs/PANI was investigated. It was found that highly dispersed Ag nanoparticles were deposited onto the MWNTs, and the Ag-MWNTs were successfully coated by PANI. According to cyclic voltammograms, the Ag-MWNTs/PANI exhibited significantly increased electrochemical performances compared to MWNTs/PANI and the highest specific capacitance obtained of MWNTs/PANI and 0.15 M Ag-MWNTs/PANI was 162 F/g and 205 F/g, respectively. This indicated that Ag nanoparticles that were deposited onto the MWNTs caused an enhanced electrochemical performance of the MWNTs/PANI due to their high electric conductivity, which resulted in an increase of the charge transfer between the MWNTs and PANI by a bridge effect.     

导电聚苯胺与磁性CoFe2O4纳米复合物的制备与表征

在利用HNO3酸化处理CoFe2O4磁性纳米粒子使其表面离子化、分散性得到改善的基础上, 采用原位聚合法制备了具有电磁功能的聚苯胺/CoFe2O4 (PANI/CoFe2O4)纳米复合物. 借助TEM, XRD, FT-IR, TG, 四探针电导率仪、VSM(振动样品磁强计)等分析手段研究了复合物的形貌、结构、热稳定性及电磁性能. 结果表明, 处理过的CoFe2O4磁性纳米粒子可形成分散均匀的PANI/CoFe2O4纳米复合物, CoFe2O4以25 nm左右的粒子分散于聚苯胺基体中; PANI与CoFe2O4之间存在化学键合作用, 正是这种作用使复合物热稳定性得以提高; 复合物同时具有导电性和磁性能, 且随CoFe2O4含量变化而变化.     

Preparation and antibacterial activities of polyaniline/Cu0.05Zn0.95O nanocomposites

Polyaniline/Cu(0.05)Zn(0.95)O (PANI/CZO) nanocomposites were prepared by in situ inverse microemulsion method. Based on the characterization of the crystal structure, chemical composition, and morphology of the samples, it was confirmed that CZO nanoparticles were incorporated into the polyaniline matrix. Studies of the antimicrobial activities of the samples against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans were carried out using powder inhibition zone, minimum inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentrations methods. The results showed clearly that, as an antibacterial agent, PANI/CZO nanocomposites exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against the growth of microorganisms. Furthermore, the antibacterial mechanism of the samples was also deduced in this paper.     

不同质子酸掺杂对银/聚苯胺纳米复合材料结构和导电性的影响

利用紫外光作为辅助条件,在反胶束体系中采用一步双原位法合成了硝酸(HNO3)、对甲基苯磺酸(TSA)和5-磺基水杨酸(SSA)掺杂的银/聚苯胺(Ag/PANI)纳米复合材料.通过对复合材料进行红外光谱(FTIR)、紫外光谱(UV-Vis)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和导电性能的测试,研究了不同质子酸对Ag/PANI纳米复合材料结构、形貌和导电性能的影响.测试结果表明,3种酸掺杂制备的Ag/PANI纳米复合材料均为聚苯胺包覆银粒子的核-壳结构.不同的质子酸掺杂会对Ag/PANI纳米复合材料的电性能有重要影响.在3种酸掺杂的复合材料中,TSA掺杂的复合材料的电导率最佳,为215.14 S·cm-1.     

Cerium dioxide/polyaniline core-shell nanocomposites

The preparation of CeO2/polyaniline (CeO2/PANI) core-shell nanocomposites via chemical oxidation of aniline using CeO2 as an oxidant is reported. TEM, TGA, FT-IR, XPS, and conductivity measurement are used to characterize the resulting composites. TEM measurements reveal that the shape of PANI/CeO2 nanocomposites is different from CeO2 nanoparticles and fibular PANI oxidized with soluble oxidant. Electron diffraction (ED) patterns of CeO2/PANI nanocomposites reveal single crystal of CeO2. FT-IR spectra confirmed the formation of PANI; the amount of PANI in the nanocomposites is estimated by TGA results. The conductivities increase with the increasing ratio of PANI/CeO2. XPS results reveal that in the nanocomposites Ce4+ of CeO2 is reduced to Ce3+. In addition, the degree of protonation of polyaniline obtained from N 1s XPS results in cerium dioxide/polyaniline composites is about 48.52%.     

Chemically modified polyaniline nanocomposites by poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonicacid)/graphene nanoplatelet

New conducting polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposites that were chemically modified by poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonicacid) (PMP) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) were prepared via in situ deposition. PMP was first synthesized using GNPs, and aniline hydrochloride monomer was then polymerized in the presence of PMP-GNPs. The nanopolymer composites were characterized, and its structural morphology was analyzed via transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy results indicate a strong interaction between PANI, PMP, and GNPs. To understand the conduction behavior of the composites, temperature-dependent DC electrical conductivity was measured between 295 K and 503 K, and the mechanism of transport properties of the new composites was analyzed by Mott’s variable range of hopping model. The PANI/PMP-GNP showed higher conductivity than pure PANI polymer. The high electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites may be useful in fabricating multifunctional materials in bulk for future technological applications.     

核壳结构Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4/PANI复合纳米材料的制备及表征

采用微乳液法制备出Ni0.5Zn0.5 Fe2O4纳米颗粒以及Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4/PANI核壳结构复合纳米材料,借助FT-IR、XRD、SEM、TEM、VSM等分析手段研究了材料的形貌、结构与磁性能.结果表明:得到的Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4纳米颗粒平均粒径为20hm左右,Ni0.5Zn0.5 Fe2O...     

Radar Absorption Properties of Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4/PANI/epoxy Nanocomposites

A nitrate? citrate gel was prepared from metallic nitrates and citric acid by sol? gel process and was further used to synthesize Ni_0.5Zn_0.5Fe₂O₄ nanocrystalline powder by auto‐combustion. Then, two novel 15 and 35% (w/w) magnetic Ni_0.5Zn_0.5Fe₂O₄ containing polyaniline nanocomposites, named as PANI‐Ni15 and PANI‐Ni35, respectively, were prepared via in‐situ polymerization of aniline in an aqueous solution containing proper amount of Ni_0.5Zn_0.5Fe₂O₄ magnetic powder. The incorporation of the nanopowders to PANI matrix was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), IR and SEM. Synthesized PANI‐NiZn ferrite composite particles were subsequently added to an epoxy resin matrix to produce related nanocomposites. The morphological properties of these nanocomposite materials were investigated by SEM and TEM. The electromagnetic‐absorbing properties were studied by measuring the reflection loss in the frequency range of 8.0 to 12.0 GHz. Results showed the reflection loss of the PANI‐Ni35 composite is higher than pure polyaniline and PANI‐Ni15. The good reflection loss of the nanocomposites suggests their potential applicability as radar absorber.     

超声引发无皂乳液聚合制备纳米银/PAAEM复合材料及其表征

在不使用气体保护及乳化剂的条件下,超声辐射引发无皂乳液聚合双原位合成纳米银/聚乙酰乙酸基甲基丙烯酸乙酯(PAAEM)复合材料。并通过XRD、FTIR、TEM、HRTEM、XPS和TG等分析方法对其进行表征。结果表明:纳米银粒子具有面心立方结构和球形或近球形形貌,且较均匀地分散在聚合物基体中;纳米银粒子与基体之间的相互作用是纳米银与基体中乙酰乙酸基的羰基氧原子配位所产生的;而且纳米银粒子对基体PAAEM的热学性能有很大影响。     

三元复合材料PANI／Ag／MWNT的电化学行为和比电容

通过原位聚合的方式在银纳米粒子/多壁碳纳米管（Ag/MWCNT）复合材料的表面成功聚合苯胺单体制备了聚苯胺/银纳米粒子/多壁碳纳米管（PANI/Ag/MWCNT）三元复合材料苯．通过对三元复合材料的结构以及表面形貌进行分析,表明聚苯胺层完全包覆了Ag/MWCNT复合材料,形成了核壳式结构．同时银纳米粒子则以单质晶体的形态存在于多壁碳纳米管与聚苯胺层之间．三元复合材料电极在1 mol/L的KOH溶液中具有极低的阻抗,而与聚苯胺电极相比,这些复合材料电极则表现出更低的电阻、更高的电化学活性和更好的循环稳定性．尤其是当苯胺和Ag：MWCNTs质量比为5：5时,该复合材料电极在0.25 A/g的电流密度下表现出最大的比电容值为160 F/g．     

Micelle-assisted synthesis of polyaniline/magnetite nanorods by in situ self-assembly process

Polyaniline/magnetite nanocomposites consisting of polyaniline (PANI) nanorods surrounded by magnetite nanoparticles were prepared via an in situ self-assembly process in the presence of PANI nanorods. The synthesis is based on the well-known chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline in an acidic environment, with ammonium persulfate (APS) as the oxidant. An organic acid (dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, DBSA) was used to replace the conventional strong acidic (1 M HCl) environment. Here, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid is used not only as dopant, but also as surfactant in our reaction system. So, DBSA can excellently control the morphology and size of PANI nanorods and magnetite particles. Magnetite particles were formed simultaneously during sedimentation, and the formed nanorods were also decorated by the particles. The resulting PANI/magnetite composites were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). It is found that PANI/magnetite nanorod composites have uniform size, superparamagnetism and a small mass fraction of magnetite, thermal stabilization even at a higher temperature.     

PANI/AMTES-TiO2纳米复合材料的制备及其光催化性能

首先用偶联剂苯胺基甲基三乙氧基硅烷(AMTES)对纳米TiO2进行表面修饰(AMTES-TiO2), 然后通过苯胺单体在AMTES-TiO2表面的原位化学氧化接枝聚合, 制备了基于共价键结合的聚苯胺(PANI)/AMTES-TiO2纳米复合光催化材料. 用红外光谱(FTIR), X射线衍射(XRD), 热重分析(TGA), 紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis-DRS)和荧光发射光谱(PL)等技术对复合材料进行了表征. 以亚甲基蓝(MB)为目标降解物, 研究了PANI/AMTES-TiO2复合材料在太阳光和紫外光下的光催化性能. 结果表明:聚苯胺敏化拓宽了TiO2的光谱响应范围, 复合材料在紫外和可见光区都有较强的吸收, 提高了光能的利用率和光生载流子的分离效率, 使复合材料表现出较高的光催化活性; 苯胺与AMTES-TiO2的质量比(w)对复合材料的光催化活性有较大影响, 当w为0.025时, 复合材料在两种光源下的催化性能均优于TiO2和AMTES-TiO2.     

Polyaniline‐Intercalated Molybdenum Oxide Nanocomposites: Simultaneous Synthesis and their Enhanced Application for Supercapacitor

A new and universal synthetic strategy to hybridize metal oxides and conduct polymer nanocomposites has been proposed in this work. The simultaneous reaction process, which includes the generation of metal oxide layers, the oxidation polymerization of monomers, and the in situ formation of polymer–metal oxides sandwich structure is successfully realized and results in the unique hybrid polyaniline (PANI)‐intercalated molybdenum oxide nanocomposites. The peroxomolybdate proved to play a dual role as the precursor of the inorganic hosts and the oxidizing agent for polymerization. The as‐obtained hybrid nanocomposites present a flexible lamellar structure by oriented assembly of conductive PANI chains in the MoO₃ interlayer, and thus inherit excellent electrical performance and possess the potential of active electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage. Such uniform lamellar structure together with the anticipated high conductivity of the hybrid PANI/MoO₃ nanocomposites afford high specific capacitance and good stability during the charge–discharge cycling for supercapacitor application.     

Preparation and magnetic properties of Zn-Cu-Cr-La ferrite and its nanocomposites with polyaniline

Nanosized Zn(0.6)Cu(0.4)Cr(0.5)Fe(1.5-x)La(x)O(4) (x=0 - 0.06) ferrites doped with La are synthesized by a rheological phase reaction method. Polyaniline (PANI)/ferrite nanocomposites are prepared by in situ polymerization method. The structure, morphology and ferromagnetic property of ferrite powders and nanocomposites are characterized by X-ray powder diffractometer (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), UV-visible spectroscopy (UV), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The results indicate that the PANI and nanosized ferrite powders can be combined effectively. The polymers can reduce the agglomeration of nanosized ferrite particles to some extent, which is good for the dispersedness and stabilization of nanoparticles. The PANI/ferrite nanocomposites under applied magnetic field exhibit the hysteretic loops of the ferromagnetic nature. The magnetic properties of nanocomposites are tailored by controlling the ferrite content.     

Rheological and Structure Investigation of Melt Mixed Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube/PE Composites

In this study a series of melt mixed multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT)/Polyethylene composites with several carbon nanotube (CNTs) concentrations were investigated. A good dispersion of the nanotubes in the matrix was seen using scanning electron microscopy. Melt rheological measurements in dynamic mode were used to estimate the percolation state of the CNTs within the polymer and to provide information about the structure of the CNT/polymer composites. The effect of nanotubes on the non-isothermal crystallization behaviour of the nanocomposites was also studied by differential scanning calorimetry.     

The Electrochemical Properties of Nanocomposite Films Obtained by Chemical In Situ Polymerization of Aniline and Carbon Nanostructures

Interactions between the π bonds in the aromatic rings of polyaniline (PANI) with carbon nanostructures (CNs) facilitate charge transfer between the two components. Different types of phenyleneamine‐terminated CNs, including carbon nano‐onions (CNOs) and single‐walled and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs and MWNTs, respectively), were prepared as templates, and the CN/PANI nanocomposites were easily prepared with uniform core–shell structures. By varying the ratio of the aniline monomers relative to the CNs in the in situ chemical polymerization process, the thickness of the PANI layers was effectively controlled. The morphological and electrical properties of the nanocomposite were determined and compared. The thickness and structure of the PANI films on the CNs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and infrared spectroscopy. TEM and SEM revealed that the composite films consisted of nanoporous networks of CNs coated with polymeric aniline. The electrochemical properties of the composites were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. These studies showed that the CN/PANI composite films had lower resistance than pure polymeric films of PANI, and the presence of CNs much improved the mechanical stability. The specific electrochemical capacitance of the CNO/PANI composite films was significantly larger than for pure PANI.