One-pot synthesis of benzochromeno-pyrazole derivatives

Abstract  

One-pot synthesis of different benzochromeno-pyrazole derivatives has been reported via reaction of aldehydes, 3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one and α-naphthol/β-naphthol in the presence of sulfamic acid.     

An experimental study on swirling flow in a cylindrical annuli using the PIV technique

Abstract  

An experimental investigation was conducted to study the characteristics of turbulent swirling flow in an axisymmetric annuli. The swirl angle measurements were performed using a flow visualization technique using smoke and dye liquid for Re = 60,000–80,000. Using the two-dimensional particle image velocimetry method, this study found the time-mean velocity distribution and turbulent intensity in water with swirl for Re = 20,000, 30,000, and 40,000 along longitudinal sections. There were neutral points for equal axial velocity at y/(R − r) = 0.7–0.75, and the highest axial velocity was recorded near y/(R − r) = 0.9. Negative axial velocity was observed near the convex tube along X/(D − d) = 3–23.     

Pattern of distribution and cycling of SLOB,Slowpoke channel binding protein,in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Drosophila</Emphasis>

Background  

SLOB binds to and modulates the activity of the Drosophila Slowpoke (dSlo) calcium activated potassium channel. Recent microarray analyses demonstrated circadian cycling of slob mRNA.     

Motor coordination deficits in Alpk1 mutant mice with the inserted piggyBac transposon

Background  

ALPK1 (α-kinase 1) is a member of an unconventional alpha-kinase family, and its biological function remains largely unknown. Here we report the phenotypic characterization of one mutant line, in which the piggyBac (PB) transposon is inserted into the Alpk1 gene.     

One-pot microwave-assisted protocol for the synthesis of substituted 2-amino-1<Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis>-imidazoles

Abstract  

An efficient microwave-assisted one-pot two-step protocol was developed for the construction of disubstituted 2-amino-1H-imidazoles. This process involves the sequential formation of 2,3-dihydro-2-hydroxyimidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidinium salts from readily available 2-aminopyrimidines and α-bromoketones, followed by cleavage of the pyrimidine ring with hydrazine.     

Effects of monoclonal anti-PcrV antibody on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</Emphasis>-induced acute lung injury in a rat model

Background  

The effects of the murine monoclonal anti-PcrV antibody Mab166 on acute lung injury induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa were analyzed in a rat model.     

Green chemistry approaches to the regioselective synthesis of spiro heterobicyclic rings using iodine as a new and efficient catalyst under solvent-free conditions

Abstract  

Iodine catalyzes the pseudo four-component reaction of an aldehyde, a urea or thiourea, and cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds under microwave irradiation in a solvent-free condition to yield various σ symmetric spiro heterobicyclic rings in excellent yields.     

The <Emphasis Type="Italic">recombination activation gene 1</Emphasis> (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Rag1</Emphasis>) is expressed in a subset of zebrafish olfactory neurons but is not essential for axon targeting or amino acid detection

Background  

Rag1 (Recombination activation gene-1) mediates genomic rearrangement and is essential for adaptive immunity in vertebrates. This gene is also expressed in the olfactory epithelium, but its function there is unknown.     

Kv1.1 null mice have enlarged hippocampus and ventral cortex

Background  

Mutations in the Shaker-like voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.1 are known to cause episodic ataxia type 1 and temporal lobe epilepsy. Mice that express a malfunctional, truncated Kv1.1 (BALB/cByJ-Kv1.1 ^mceph/mceph ) show a markedly enlarged hippocampus and ventral cortex in adulthood.     

Membrane trafficking and mitochondrial abnormalities precede subunit c deposition in a cerebellar cell model of juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis

Background  

JNCL is a recessively inherited, childhood-onset neurodegenerative disease most-commonly caused by a ~1 kb CLN3 mutation. The resulting loss of battenin activity leads to deposition of mitochondrial ATP synthase, subunit c and a specific loss of CNS neurons. We previously generated Cln3 ^Δex7/8 knock-in mice, which replicate the common JNCL mutation, express mutant battenin and display JNCL-like pathology.     

Flow measurement around a cycloidal propeller

Abstract  

An experimental investigation was conducted to study the flow around a cycloidal propeller. Flow fields were obtained using a particle image velocimetry system whose data acquisition was synchronized with the propeller’s angular position. The chord-based Reynolds number was Re _c = u _r c/υ = 1.4 × 10⁴, where u _r is the rotational velocity of the propeller and c is the chord length of the airfoil. Flow characteristics such as mean velocity, vorticity and the RMS value of velocity fluctuation were derived from the measurements. The results demonstrated the presence of a downwash around the propeller during the generation of lift. Detailed observations around each airfoil visualized distinct vortex shedding and reattaching flow at certain phase angles of the propeller.     

POD analysis on the sphere wake at a subcritical Reynolds number

Abstract  

Flow characteristics of turbulent wake behind a sphere at a subcritical flow regime were experimentally investigated. The particle image velocimetry measurements and proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) modal analysis were employed to get detailed flow information such as the wavy structure, swirling motion and coherent structures of the sphere wake. The variation of turbulent intensities of the radial and circumferential velocity components showed the swirling motion of sphere wake in the cross-sectional planes. The relative contribution of the POD mode 1, 2 and 3 in eigenvalues was 26, 11, and 8%, respectively. The general pattern of velocity fields for the POD mode 1 in the near-wake region of x/d = 0.7–1.4 is similar with that of time-averaged mean velocity fields. In addition, the sweeping flow in the region from x/d = 1.5 to x/d = 2.0 possesses wavy structure of the sphere wake. The experimental results of the present study would contribute to the fundamental understanding of the turbulent near-wake behind a sphere.     

Activation profiles of opioid ligands in HEK cells expressing δ opioid receptors

Background  

The aim of the present study was to characterize the activation profiles of 15 opioid ligands in transfected human embryonic kidney cells expressing only δ opioid receptors. Activation profiles of most of these ligands at δ opioid receptors had not been previously characterized in vitro. Receptor activation was assessed by measuring the inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP production.     

Microarray-based gene expression profiles of silkworm brains

Background  

Molecular genetic studies of Bombyx mori have led to profound advances in our understanding of the regulation of development. Bombyx mori brain, as a main endocrine organ, plays important regulatory roles in various biological processes. Microarray technology will allow the genome-wide analysis of gene expression patterns in silkworm brains.     

Expression of ionotropic glutamate receptors in the retina of the rdta transgenic mouse

Background  

The expression of retinal CaMKII is up-regulated in the retina of the rdta mouse in which rod photoreceptors are genetically ablated. As ionotropic glutamate receptors are known substrates of CAMKII, this study set out to determine if the protein levels of ionotropic glutamate receptors in the rdta mouse retina are also affected.     

Antillatoxin is a sodium channel activator that displays unique efficacy in heterologously expressed rNa<Subscript>v</Subscript>1.2, rNa<Subscript>v</Subscript>1.4 and rNa<Subscript>v</Subscript>1.5 alpha subunits

Background  

Antillatoxin (ATX) is a structurally unique lipopeptide produced by the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula. ATX activates voltage-gated sodium channel α-subunits at an undefined recognition site and stimulates sodium influx in neurons. However, the pharmacological properties and selectivity of ATX on the sodium channel α-subunits were not fully characterized.     

Synthesis of cyano-2,3-dihydropyrrolo[1,2-<Emphasis Type="Italic">f</Emphasis>]phenanthridine derivatives via a domino-Knoevenagel-cyclization

Abstract  

In a new multicomponent reaction phenanthridine reacts with isocyanides and malonitrile in the presence of benzaldehyde derivatives to produce 2-aryl-3-(alkyl- or arylimino)-2,3-dihydropyrrolo[1,2-f]phenanthridine-1,1(12b H)-dicarbonitrile in a simple, mild, and efficient protocol in excellent yields.     

Microwave-assisted rapid synthesis of Ag nanoparticles/graphene nanosheet composites and their application for hydrogen peroxide detection

Abstract  

Ag nanoparticles/graphene nanosheet (AgNPs/GN) composites have been rapidly prepared by a one-pot microwave-assisted reduction method, carried out by microwave irradiation of a N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solution of graphene oxide (GO) and AgNO₃. Several analytical techniques including UV–vis spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have been used to characterize the resulting AgNPs/GN composites. It suggests that such composites exhibit good catalytic activity toward reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), leading to a H₂O₂ sensor with a fast amperometric response time of less than 2 s. The linear detection range is estimated to be from 0.1 to 100 mM (r = 0.999), and the detection limit is estimated to be 0.5 μM at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3.     

The <Emphasis Type="Italic">Adhesion</Emphasis> GPCR GPR125 is specifically expressed in the choroid plexus and is upregulated following brain injury

Background  

GPR125 belongs to the family of Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). A single copy of GPR125 was found in many vertebrate genomes. We also identified a Drosophila sequence, DmCG15744, which shares a common ancestor with the entire Group III of Adhesion GPCRs, and also contains Ig, LRR and HBD domains which were observed in mammalian GPR125.     

Synthesis of novel 4H-pyrimido[1,6-a]pyrimidines via a one-pot three-component condensation

Abstract  

Highly substituted novel 4H-pyrimido[1,6-a] pyrimidines were prepared by a trifluoromethanesulfonic acid catalyzed one-pot three-component condensation of 4-aminopyrimidines, aldehydes, and β-ketoesters. A preliminary feasibility study was undertaken on these compounds, to assess the potential production of a library of further diversified compounds by nucleophilic replacement of Cl (R¹) or by reaction of electrophiles with the NH₂ (R²) group.