Large time behavior of solutions to degenerate parabolic equations with weights

We study the degenerate parabolic equation t_∂u=a(δ(x))upΔu−g(u) in Ω×(0,∞), where Ω⊂RN (N?1) is a smooth bounded domain, p?1, δ(x)=dist(x,∂Ω) and a is a continuous nondecreasing function such that a(0)=0. Under some suitable assumptions on a and g we prove the existence and the uniqueness of a classical solution and we study its asymptotic behavior as t→∞.     

Boundary blow-up for differential equations with indefinite weight

We obtain results of existence and multiplicity of solutions for the second-order equation x″+q(t)g(x)=0, with x(t) defined for all t∈]0,1[ and such that x(t)→+∞ as t→0⁺ and t→1⁻. We assume g having superlinear growth at infinity and q(t) possibly changing sign on [0,1].     

Extensions of a theorem of Cauchy-Liouville

We deal with the equations Δpu+f(u)=0 and Δpu+(p−1)g(u)p|∇u|+f(u)=0 in RN, where g(t) is a continuous function in (0,∞), p>1 and f(t) is a smooth function for t>0. Under appropriate conditions on g and f we show that the corresponding equation cannot have nontrivial non-negative entire solutions.     

A generalization of the Strassen converse

This note is devoted to a generalization of the Strassen converse. Let gn:R^∞→[0,∞], n?1 be a sequence of measurable functions such that, for every n?1, and for all x,y∈R^∞, where 0<C<∞ is a constant which is independent of n. Let be a sequence of i.i.d. random variables. Assume that there exist r?1 and a function ?:[0,∞)→[0,∞) with limt→∞?(t)=∞, depending only on the sequence such that lim supn→∞gn(X₁,X₂,…)=?(Er|X|) a.s. whenever Er|X|<∞ and EX=0. We prove the converse result, namely that lim supn→∞gn(X₁,X₂,…)<∞ a.s. implies Er|X|<∞ (and EX=0 if, in addition, lim supn→∞gn(c,c,…)=∞ for all c≠0). Some applications are provided to illustrate this result.     

Convergence of the Dirichlet solutions of the very fast diffusion equation

For any −1<m<0, positive functions f, g and u₀≥0, we prove that under some mild conditions on f, g and u₀ as R→∞ the solution u^R of the Dirichlet problem u_t=(u^m/m)_xx in (−R,R)×(0,∞), u(R,t)=(f(t)|m|R)^1/m, u(−R,t)=(g(t)|m|R)^1/m for all t>0, u(x,0)=u₀(x) in (−R,R), converges uniformly on every compact subset of R×(0,T) to the solution of the equation u_t=(u^m/m)_xx in R×(0,T), u(x,0)=u₀(x) in R, which satisfies some mass loss formula on (0,T) where T is the maximal time such that the solution u is positive. We also prove that the solution constructed is equal to the solution constructed in Hui (2007) [15] using approximation by solutions of the corresponding Neumann problem in bounded cylindrical domains.     

A Liapunov functional for a singular integral equation

We consider a scalar integral equation where a∈L²[0,∞), while C(t,s) has a significant singularity, but is convex when t−s>0. We construct a Liapunov functional and show that g(t,x(t))−a(t)∈L²[0,∞) and that x(t)−a(t)→0 pointwise as t→∞. Small perturbations are also added to the kernel. In addition, we consider both infinite and finite delay problems. This paper offers a first step toward treating discontinuous kernels with Liapunov functionals.     

The set of periodic scalar differential equations with cubic nonlinearities

We study the structure induced by the number of periodic solutions on the set of differential equations x^′=f(t,x) where f∈C³(R²) is T-periodic in t, fx³(t,x)<0 for every (t,x)∈R², and f(t,x)→?∞ as x→∞, uniformly on t. We find that the set of differential equations with a singular periodic solution is a codimension-one submanifold, which divides the space into two components: equations with one periodic solution and equations with three periodic solutions. Moreover, the set of differential equations with exactly one periodic singular solution and no other periodic solution is a codimension-two submanifold.     

Asymptotic behavior of positive solutions for heat equation with nonlinear term

We study the nonlinear parabolic equation , in Rn×(0,∞) with boundary condition u(x,0)=u₀(x), not necessarily bounded function. The nonlinearity φ((x,t),u) is required to satisfy some conditions related to the parabolic Kato class P^∞(Rn) while allowing existence of positive solutions of the equation and continuity of such solutions. Our approach is based on potential theory tools.     

Regularity of the extremal solution for some elliptic problems with singular nonlinearity and advection

In this note, we investigate the regularity of the extremal solution u^? for the semilinear elliptic equation −△u+c(x)⋅∇u=λf(u) on a bounded smooth domain of Rn with Dirichlet boundary condition. Here f is a positive nondecreasing convex function, exploding at a finite value a∈(0,∞). We show that the extremal solution is regular in the low-dimensional case. In particular, we prove that for the radial case, all extremal solutions are regular in dimension two.     

On oscillatory solutions of certain forced Emden-Fowler like equations

We give a constructive proof of existence to oscillatory solutions for the differential equations x^″(t)+a(t)λ|x(t)|sign[x(t)]=e(t), where t?t₀?1 and λ>1, that decay to 0 when t→+∞ as O(t−μ) for μ>0 as close as desired to the “critical quantity” . For this class of equations, we have limt→+∞E(t)=0, where E(t)<0 and E^″(t)=e(t) throughout [t₀,+∞). We also establish that for any μ>μ^? and any negative-valued E(t)=o(t−μ) as t→+∞ the differential equation has a negative-valued solution decaying to 0 at + ∞ as o(t−μ). In this way, we are not in the reach of any of the developments from the recent paper [C.H. Ou, J.S.W. Wong, Forced oscillation of nth-order functional differential equations, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 262 (2001) 722-732].     

On a generalization of Minkowski's convex body theorem

Given a lattice $\text{Λ ? R}{}^{\mathrm{n}}$ and a bounded function g(x), x ∈ Rⁿ, vanishing outside of a bounded set, the functions ?(x)$\text{g}\text{?}\text{(x)?}$max_u∈Λg(u +x), ?(x)?Σ_{u∈Λ g(u +x)}, and ?₊(x)?Σ_u∈Λ max_{v∈Λ min {g(v + x); g(u + v + x)}} are defined and periodic mod Λ on Rⁿ. In the paper we prove that ?(x) + ?₊(x) ? 2?(x) ≥ ?(x) + h?₊(x) ? 2?(x) holds for all x ∈ Rⁿ, where h(x) is any “truncation” of g by a constant c ≥ 0, i.e., any function of the form h(x)?g(x) if g(x) ≤ c and h(x)?c if g(x) > c. This inequality easily implies some known estimations in the geometry of numbers due to Rado [1] and Cassels [2]. Moreover, some sharper and more general results are also derived from it. In the paper another inequality of a similar type is also proved.     

Algebraic properties of codimension series of PI-algebras

Let c _n (R), n = 0, 1, 2, …, be the codimension sequence of the PI-algebra R over a field of characteristic 0 with T-ideal T(R) and let c(R, t) = c ₀(R) + c ₁(R)t + c ₂(R)t ² + … be the codimension series of R (i.e., the generating function of the codimension sequence of R). Let R ₁,R ₂ and R be PI-algebras such that T(R) = T(R1)T(R ₂). We show that if c(R ₁, t) and c(R ₂, t) are rational functions, then c(R, t) is also rational. If c(R ₁, t) is rational and c(R ₂, t) is algebraic, then c(R, t) is also algebraic. The proof is based on the fact that the product of two exponential generating functions behaves as the exponential generating function of the sequence of the degrees of the outer tensor products of two sequences of representations of the symmetric groups S _n .     

Positive entire solutions of semilinear elliptic equations with quadratically vanishing coefficient

We establish that for n?3 and p>1, the elliptic equation Δu+K(x)up=0 in Rn possesses a continuum of positive entire solutions with logarithmic decay at ∞, provided that a locally Hölder continuous function K?0 in Rn?{0}, satisfies K(x)=O(σ|x|) at x=0 for some σ>−2, and ²|x|K(x)=c+O([log|x|]^−θ) near ∞ for some constants c>0 and θ>1. The continuum contains at least countably many solutions among which any two do not intersect. This is an affirmative answer to an open question raised in [S. Bae, T.K. Chang, On a class of semilinear elliptic equations in Rn, J. Differential Equations 185 (2002) 225-250]. The crucial observation is that in the radial case of K(r)=K(|x|), two fundamental weights, and , appear in analyzing the asymptotic behavior of solutions.     

Existence of homoclinic solution for the second order Hamiltonian systems

An existence theorem of homoclinic solution is obtained for a class of the nonautonomous second order Hamiltonian systems , ∀t∈R, by the minimax methods in the critical point theory, specially, the generalized mountain pass theorem, where L(t) is unnecessary uniformly positively definite for all t∈R, and W(t,x) satisfies the superquadratic condition W(t,x)/|x|²→+∞ as |x|→∞ uniformly in t, and need not satisfy the global Ambrosetti-Rabinowitz condition.     

Blow-up problem for semilinear heat equation with absorption and a nonlocal boundary condition

In this paper we consider a semilinear parabolic equation u_t=Δu−c(x,t)u^p for (x,t)∈Ω×(0,∞) with nonlinear and nonlocal boundary condition u∣_{∂Ω×(0,∞)}=∫_Ωk(x,y,t)u^ldy and nonnegative initial data where p>0 and l>0. We prove some global existence results. Criteria on this problem which determine whether the solutions blow up in finite time for large or for all nontrivial initial data are also given.     

Complete quenching for singular parabolic problems

We prove finite time extinction of the solution of the equation ut−Δu+χ{u>0}(u−β−λf(u))=0 in Ω×(0,∞) with boundary data u(x,t)=0 on ∂Ω×(0,∞) and initial condition u(x,0)=u₀(x) in Ω, where Ω⊂RN is a bounded smooth domain, 0<β<1 and λ>0 is a parameter. For every small enough λ>0 there exists a time t₀>0 such that the solution is identically equal to zero.     

Convergence to strong nonlinear diffusion waves for solutions to p-system with damping on quadrant

In this paper, we consider the so-called p-system with linear damping on quadrant. We show that for a certain class of given large initial data (v₀(x),u₀(x)), the corresponding initial-boundary value problem admits a unique global smooth solution (v(x,t),u(x,t)) and such a solution tends time-asymptotically, at the Lp (2?p?∞) optimal decay rates, to the corresponding nonlinear diffusion wave which satisfies (1.9) provided the corresponding prescribed initial error function (V₀(x),U₀(x)) lies in (H³(R⁺)∩L¹(R⁺))×(H²(R⁺)∩L¹(R⁺)).     

Duality for a Class of Multiobjective Control Problems

In this paper, a class of multiobjective control problems is considered, where the objective and constraint functions involved are f(t, x(t), ?(t), y(t), z(t)) with x(t) ∈ Rⁿ, y(t) ∈ Rⁿ, and z(t) ∈ R^m, where x(t) and z(t) are the control variables and y(t) is the state variable. Under the assumption of invexity and its generalization, duality theorems are proved through a parametric approach to related properly efficient solutions of the primal and dual problems.