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1.
将引发剂偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)、共聚单体苯乙烯(St)和马来酸酐(MA)溶解于甲苯中,采用沉淀聚合法合成苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物(SMA).分别研究了反应温度、引发剂用量、反应时间、单体配比和单体浓度对聚合物得率和酸酐含量的影响.采用正交实验确定最优反应条件为:单体浓度20%,单体物质的量比为1∶1,引发剂用量为0.60%,反应温度为86℃,反应时间2h,产物得率为86.86%,酸酐含量为50.28%.并利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、核磁共振碳谱(~(13)C NMR)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)和热分析法分别研究聚合物的分子结构、相对分子质量及相对分子质量分布和热稳定性.结果表明产物是苯乙烯-马来酸酐交替共聚物,相对分子质量分布较窄,具有良好的热稳定性. 相似文献
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A series of electrospun mats of styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers has been functionalized by modification with two types of spacers - a polymer with a flexible hydrophilic polyether chain (Jeffamine® ED) and a rigid low-molecular-weight spacer (р-phenylenediamine). The successful modification of the microfibrous mats with these bifunctional compounds has been proved by ATR-FTIR and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses. In a further step, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) has been covalently immobilized onto the modified mats using glutaraldehyde as a binding agent. The amount of bound protein and the specific activity of the immobilized AChE have been determined. The highest activity has been displayed by AChE covalently bound to Jeffamine-modified microfibrous mats. Moreover, the immobilized AChE is characterized by enhanced thermal and storage stability as compared to the free enzyme. 相似文献
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A styrene-maleic anhydride (SMA) alternating copolymer with ultrahigh molecular weight (Mw > 106) synthesized in super critical carbon dioxide (SC CO2) medium was used as hydrophilic polymeric additive in the preparation of polyethersulfone (PES) membranes. The PES/SMA blend membranes were prepared by immersion precipitation process. X-ray photoelectronic spectroscopy (XPS) measurements confirmed that the hydrolyzed SMA preferentially segregated to membrane–coagulant interface during membrane formation. For the PES/SMA blend membranes, no big change was observed in the cross-sectional structure and the mechanical properties were well maintained after SMA addition except that a thicker top layer was formed. The surface morphology analysis by atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed that the membrane surface roughness increased with the added SMA amount. The results of water contact angle, water absorbance measurements and static protein adsorption experiments revealed that the surface enrichment of SMA endowed PES/SMA blend membranes with significantly improved surface hydrophilicity and protein-adsorption resistance. 相似文献
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LLDPE was blended with esterified styrene-maleic anhydride (ESMA) to improve the environmental degradation characteristics of LLDPE. ESMA was synthesized by esterifying styrene maleic anhydride (SMA) with n-decanol. LLDPE was blended with ESMA (EDP blends) and SMA separately in a single screw extruder by melt mixing. Composition of ESMA was varied from 20 to 40 wt% in the blends. LLDPE grafted with glycidyl methacrylate (LLDPE-g-GMA) was used as compatibilizer to improve the compatibility. Scanning electron photomicrograph (SEM) of cryofractured impact specimens showed significant reduction in domain size and uniform distribution of ESMA in LLDPE matrix in presence of compatibilizer in 70/30 blends. Environmental degradability was assessed by subjecting the films to soil burial test and exposure to buffer solution of different pH. Environmental degradation was followed by measuring the periodic change in weight of the blend samples. Films were exposed to accelerated and natural weathering and photodegradation was assessed by noting the embrittlement time of the film. Films of compatibilized blends fragmented at a faster rate than the films of uncompatibilized blend. Carbonyl index of films subjected to natural weathering was also found to be higher than that for the virgin LLDPE films. 相似文献
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A preliminary study of using maleic anhydride copolymer for protein binding has been carried out.The polymeric films were prepared by compression of the purified resin and annealing the film to induce efficient back formation of the anhydride groups.The properties of the film surface were analyzed by attenuated total reflection Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy and water contact angle measurements.The protein content was determined by Bradford assay.To obtain optimum conditions,immersion time for protein binding was examined.Results revealed that proteins can be successfully immobilized onto the film surface via covalent linkage.The efficiency of the covalent binding of the extractable protein to maleic anhydride-polyethylene film was estimated at 69.87μg/cm~2,although the film had low anhydride content(3%) on the surface. 相似文献
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Milena Marinovi?-Cincovi? 《Polymer Degradation and Stability》2006,91(2):313-316
A synthetic procedure based on thermal hydrolysis of iron(III) chloride solutions for the preparation of hematite (α-Fe2O3) sol consisting of nano-crystals (NCs) is described. The α-Fe2O3 NCs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction measurements. Incorporation of α-Fe2O3 NCs into polystyrene (PS) was based on the transfer of α-Fe2O3 NCs from the aqueous phase to the organic solvent. A significant shift in the glass transition temperature of PS by 17 °C towards higher temperatures was observed after incorporation of α-Fe2O3 NCs. Also, the thermal stability of PS was improved by about 100 °C in the presence of 3.6 wt% of α-Fe2O3 NCs. 相似文献
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M. Ignatova O. Stoilova N. Manolova D.G. Mita N. Diano C. Nicolucci I. Rashkov 《European Polymer Journal》2009,45(9):2494-2504
Novel bicomponent microfibrous mats containing targeted amount of reactive maleic anhydride groups were prepared by electrospinning of mixed solutions of poly(styrene-alt-maleic anhydride) and poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride). Then, amino-functionalized P(St-alt-MA)/P(St-co-MA) mats were obtained by reaction with p-phenylenediamine. ATR-FTIR and XPS spectroscopy were used to characterize pristine and modified P(St-alt-MA)/P(St-co-MA) mats. On the next step, laccase from Trametes versicolor was covalently attached onto the modified mats; the average amount of immobilized enzyme was 40 ± 0.7 mg/g mat. The catalytic activity of the immobilized enzyme was studied in respect to bisphenol A (BPA) endocrine disruptor. The optimum activity of the immobilized enzyme was reached at maximum flow rate of 1.3 mL/s. After 90 min the BPA concentration was reduced by 60% and the catalytic activity of microfibrous mats remained stable for about 30 successive reuses. In addition, the relative activity of laccase immobilized on the microfibrous mats was displayed in a broader pH range as compared to that of the free one. 相似文献
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Qilong Tai Lijuan Chen Shibin Nie Richard K.K. Yuen 《Polymer Degradation and Stability》2010,95(5):830-778
A monomer, acryloxyethyl phenoxy phosphorodiethyl amidate (AEPPA), was synthesized and characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) and 31P NMR. The copolymer with various amounts of styrene (St) was obtained by the free radical bulk polymerization between AEPPA and St, and characterized using 1H NMR. The thermal properties of the copolymers were investigated with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in air and nitrogen atmosphere, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The TGA results in air indicated the copolymers with AEPPA show higher thermal stability than those without AEPPA. However, the TGA results in nitrogen showed that the decomposition temperature decreased and the char residue increased with the increase of AEPPA. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the copolymers from DSC indicated that a inverse proportion was observed between Tg and the amount of AEPPA incorporated. The flammability of the copolymers was evaluated by microscale combustion calorimeter (MCC). The MCC results showed that AEPPA can decrease the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and the heat release capacity (HRC), and the sample CP10 shows the lowest PHRR and HRC. 相似文献
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J. Kuljanin-Jakovljevi? 《Polymer Degradation and Stability》2009,94(6):891-897
The thermal degradation kinetics of polystyrene/CdS composites were studied by thermogravimetry. The samples were heated in nitrogen, with three different heating rates: 5, 20 and 40 °C min−1. We calculated kinetic parameters using KAS isoconversion method. The results showed that the maximum activation energy of thermal degradation is achieved for PS/CdS composite with about 10% of the CdS filler. Higher concentration of CdS in the composite (20%) induced acceleration of the thermal degradation, approaching the rate of degradation of the pure polystyrene matrix. 相似文献
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光敏感双亲性梳状SMA聚合物的合成及其胶束化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以含香豆素型苯乙烯类光敏单体(coumarin-containing styrene monomer, CS)与苯乙烯(St)、马来酸酐(MA)为反应单体, 以偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂制备了光敏感三元苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物(SMA)双亲交替聚合物P(St/CS-alt-MA), 再利用羧酸酐基元与正辛胺的室温胺解反应获得光敏感双亲性梳状聚合物P(St/CS-alt-MAA8). 用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)、1H核磁共振(1H-NMR)等对该双亲梳状聚合物进行结构表征. 通过香豆素基元的光二聚作用, 使梳状聚合物溶解在DMSO中进行光照预交联; 非交联与预交联聚合物分别在选择性溶剂中自组装形成胶束; 利用羧酸基元与NaOH的离子化作用改变聚合物胶束的亲疏水性质. 动态激光光散射(DLS)与芘荧光探针实验表明预交联聚合物胶束较非交联胶束粒径大, 负载芘的能力强; 离子化作用使聚合物胶束解离重组成粒径更小的胶束, 但预交联胶束较非交联胶束小, 离子化后胶束疏水微区更加紧密, 负载芘的能力也增大. 相似文献
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Microcapsules containing polar phase change material (PCM) n-dodecanol were synthesized by in situ polymerization using melamine-formaldehyde resin as shell and styrene-maleic anhydride
copolymer (SMA) as emulsifier. The effects of polarity of PCM and types and amounts of SMA emulsifier on the properties of
microencapsulated PCMs (microPCMs) were studied and characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning
electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and laser particle diameter analyzer.
The results show that thermal properties of microPCMs are affected greatly by the types and amounts of SMA. Anionic SMA emulsifier
is suitable for the encapsulation of n-dodecanol. The polarity of PCM leads to the higher adding amount of SMA emulsifier. When mass ratio of emulsifier to n-dodecanol is 4.8%, the phase change latent heat and encapsulation efficiency reach to the maximum value of 187.5 J/g and
93.1%, respectively. Irregular spherical microPCMs with mean diameter of 30.6 μm and phase change temperature of 21.5 °C are
obtained and can be used for energy storage. 相似文献
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Erh-Chiang Chen 《Polymer Degradation and Stability》2009,94(4):550-557
This study describes the preparation of polyaniline (PANI) coated on the surface of monodispersed 400 nm polystyrene (PS) particles by in situ chemical oxidative polymerization. The monodispersed 400 nm PS particles served as cores were synthesized using the emulsion polymerization. Both images observed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy show the presence of a thin PANI layer uniformly coated on the surface of PS particle. The electrical conductivity of various amounts of PANI-coated PS particles is significantly increased about 13 orders of magnitude compared to that of the pristine PS particles. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) were used to investigate the thermal stability and thermal degradation behavior of PS and PANI-coated PS particles. Both DSC and TGA curves revealed that the coating of a thin PANI layer on the surface of PS can drastically increase the thermal stability of PS matrix. TGA isothermal degradation data illustrate that the activation energy of the PANI-coated PS particle is larger than that of PS. This phenomenon can be attributed to the incorporation of PANI coating on the surface of PS particle caused a decrease in the degradation rate and an increase in the residual weight for the PANI-coated PS particle. 相似文献
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A. Karaduman E. H.
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ek B. iek A. Y. Bilgesü 《Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis》2001,60(2):179-186
Plastic waste minimization and recycling are important for both economical and environmental reasons. In this flash pyrolysis study, polystyrene wastes were degraded in a free-fall reactor under vacuum to regain the monomer. A set of experiments varied the temperature between 700 and 875°C and determined its effects on the phase yields, the benzene, styrene, toluene, and naphthalene distribution of the liquid output and C1–C4 content of the gaseous output. The liquid yield maximized around 750°C and the styrene yield at 825°C. In general, operating at higher temperatures lessened the solid residue and increased the gaseous yield and total conversion. Employing waste particles in four size ranges, a second set of runs indicated that the finer the waste particles fed the higher the gaseous yield and total conversion. This recycling method can be made more promising if the feed particles are allowed more time for degradation and the removal of the primary products speeded up thereby preventing their decomposition. Ways are suggested to obviate these residence time problems. 相似文献
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Exfoliated nanocomposite, based on Zn, Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) and polystyrene (PS), has been achieved by in-situ
atom transfer radical polymerization reaction from initiator-modified LDH. The exfoliated structure is characterized by X-ray
diffraction and transmission electronic microscope. The results suggest that the exfoliated ZnAl(DS) LDH sheets with a thickness
of less than 1 nm disperse individually in the PS matrix, and the thermal stability of the nanocomposite shows a marked improvement.
When the 50 wt% weight loss is selected as a comparison point, the decomposition temperature of PS/LDH nanocomposite is about
45 °C higher than that of pure PS. 相似文献
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用TMA、DSC和丁G/DTG研究了氯化乙丙共聚物CEP的热行为和稳定性。结果表明:在相同氯含量时,丙烯组份含量高的CEP的软化温度和分解活化能均较高;乙、丙组份比相同的CEP的软化温度随氯含量增加而升高。在氯含量大于50%时,CEP脱HCl活化能显著增加。在CEP中加入热稳定剂,可有效地改善它的稳定性。在所试验的6种稳定剂中,以二盐基亚磷酸铅的效果最好。 相似文献
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J. KuljaninM. Vu?kovi? M.I. ?omorN. Bibi? V. Djokovi?J.M. Nedeljkovi? 《European Polymer Journal》2002,38(8):1659-1662
Influence of CdS-filler particles in the micrometer size range on the properties of the polystyrene (PS) matrix was studied using structural and thermal techniques. Improvement of the thermal stability of the PS matrix for about 50 K was found in the presence of the CdS-filler. Infrared measurements revealed that interaction between the surface of CdS-filler particles and the PS chain is weak. Non-significant changes in the glass transition temperature of the PS matrix upon the incorporation of CdS-filler particles also suggest weak interaction between filler and polymer. 相似文献