Electroflotation Recovery of Poorly Soluble Lanthanum Compounds from Highly Concentrated Salt Systems

Electroflotation of poorly soluble lanthanum compounds from model solutions simulating with high accuracy highly concentrated industrial salt systems was studied. The influence of various kinds of microadditives (flocculants and surfactants; cationic, anionic, and nonionic) on the efficiency of the recovery of lanthanum compounds from highly concentrated salt solutions was examined. For each supporting electrolyte (chloride, carbonate, sulfate, oxalate, nitrate), additives intensifying the process and enhancing its efficiency were found. The mean size and ζ-potentials of the dispersed phase particles were measured to account for the degrees of recovery reached in lanthanum electroflotation. A design of an installation for lanthanum recovery, allowing solution processing on the commercial scale, was suggested.     

Effect of the composition of the medium and electroflotation processing parameters on extraction efficiency of chromium(III) dispersed phase from aqueous solutions

Influence exerted by the composition of the medium (solution pH, ionic composition, presence of flocculants and surfactants), physicochemical properties of the dispersed phase (particle size, electrokinetic potential), and technological parameters of the electroflotation process (volume current density, magnetic treatment, solution temperature) on the efficiency of the electroflotation extraction of poorly soluble chromium(III) compounds from aqueous solutions was studied. It was shown that the extraction efficiency directly depends on the composition of the medium, which determines the physicochemical properties of poorly soluble chromium(III) compounds, and on the size of particles and their minimum surface charge. The optimal technological parameters of the electroflotation process are suggested.     

Development of Electroflotation Technology for Extraction of Anionic Surfactants and Nonferrous Metal Ions from Wastewater Produced at Electroplating Industries

Sorption extraction of anionic surfactants NaDDS and NaDBS on freshly formed iron(III) and aluminum(III) hydroxides and on a highly dispersed activated carbon of OU-B brand was experimentally studied. It was shown that NaDDS is the most fully sorbed on Al(OH)₃ and OU-B, whereas on Fe(OH)₃, the maximum sorption is observed for NaDBS. The electroflotation extraction of anionic surfactants and poorly soluble iron(III) and aluminum(III) hydroxides was examined and the influence exerted by the following factors (pH, nature of electrolyte, surfactant concentration) on the degree of extraction of these substances was analyzed. In addition, electroflotation extraction of OU-B in the presence on nonferrous metal hydroxides and surfactants of varied nature from aqueous solutions was performed. The results obtained were used to develop a technological scheme for electroflotation of complex-composition wastewater.     

Recovery of metals from raw materials of industrial origin

Interaction of d elements and their compounds (oxides, sulfides, carbonates, and other compounds poorly soluble in water) with organic ligands in aprotic solvents was studied. Methods for recovery of metals from nonaqueous solutions of the resulting complex compounds are suggested.     

Physicochemical efficiency of electroflotation of finely divided carbon nanomaterial from aqueous solutions containing surfactants

Electroflotation of finely divided carbon nanomaterials—carbon nanoflakes (CNFls)—from aqueous solutions with a wide pH range of 3.0 to 11.0 in the presence of surfactants of various types was studied experimentally. The efficiency indices were determined for the electroflotation of CNFls from CNFls–surfactant–Na₂SO₄ solutions in the presence of a coagulant (iron(III) chloride) and flocculants, which enabled one to find the optimal conditions for electroflotation of carbon nanomaterials.     

Raising the Efficiency of Electroflotation Extraction of Metals in Multicomponent Systems from Aqueous Media

Specific features of the electroflotation extraction of hydroxides of nonferrous metals (Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cr³⁺, Fe³⁺) from a five-component system in the presence of sodium sulfate as supporting electrolyte were examined. The fundamental aspects of the extraction process upon introduction into the system of surfactants of varied nature and flocculants were determined. It was shown that addition of a nonionogenic flocculant N-300 makes it possible to raise the efficiency and stabilize the process of the electroflotation extraction of difficultly soluble metal hydroxides contained in multicomponent systems from wastewater formed in various galvanic shops, with the degrees of extraction possibly reaching a value of 97%.     

电浮选方法在净化镍离子中的应用研究

采用电浮选方法,对水溶液中的Ni^2 的净化效果进行了研究。通过考察溶液的pH、离子强度、Ni^2 的初始浓度以及电极电流密度等因素,讨论了电浮选方法影响重金属Ni^2 净化的情况;并与传统的自然沉降法对照,认为电解过程所产生的微小气泡除参与浮选之外,还参与了金属胶体颗粒形成的絮凝过程,使电浮选工艺过程不仅能浮选不溶性胶体颗粒,而且还可以进一步去除溶液中可溶性重金属Ni^2 ,从而使净化效果更佳。实验结果也表明,电浮选对于净化处理含低浓度重金属Ni^2 溶液效果优于重量沉淀法。并对其它含重金属离子污水净化提供了参考。     

微粉化技术提高水不溶性药物溶解度

药物的微粉化可以改善颗粒的润湿性,进而提高水不溶性药物的溶解度和溶解速率。目前普遍采用的药物微粒化技术主要包括机械研磨、超临界流体过程、低温喷淋和溶剂蒸发沉积过程。本文介绍了这些微粉化制备技术的基本原理以及该类技术的应用进展。     

Raising the efficiency of electroflotation purification of wastewater formed in production of printed-circuit boards to remove copper ions in the presence of complexing agents,surfactants, and flocculants

It was found that the solution composition, pH value, concentration, and nature of surfactants and flocculant affect the process of electroflotation extraction of copper hydroxide in the presence of an excess amount of ammonia. A relationship between the ζ-potential of the dispersed phase and the degree of copper extraction was found. It is shown that a cationic surfactant and flocculants positively affect the efficiency of the electroflotation extraction of copper. Under the optimal conditions, the degree of the electroflotation extraction reaches values of 95–96%, and that with additional filtration, 97–99%. A technological scheme for implementing the electroflotation process is suggested.     

某些希土茜素红的固体三元配合物的研究

本文报道了镧、镨、铕、钇等元素分别与茜素红、邻菲咯啉和茜素红、喹啉生成三元配合物的制备方法,并通过化学分析、红外、紫外、热分析和溶解性能等测定,对所合成配合物的组成、结构以及性质等进行了研究。     

Selective separation and extraction of copper(II), iron(II,III), and Cerium(III,IV) ions from aqueous solutions by electroflotation method

Possibility of the electroflotation separation and extraction of cerium(II, IV), copper(II), and iron(II, III) from aqueous solutions is demonstrated. The optimal pH value and the concentration ratio of ions of the metals being separated, at which their electroflotation separation and extraction from aqueous solutions is the most efficient, was determined. It was shown that the electroflotation method is promising for selective separation and extraction of metal ions with various hydrate-formation pH values from aqueous solutions.     

镧在Wistar大鼠肝脏中的物种分布

采用ICP MS、凝胶过滤层析及超滤技术 ,通过动物实验研究了长时间、低剂量镧作用后 ,镧在Wistar大鼠肝脏中的代谢累积及其物种分布。结果表明 ,随着给药剂量的增加及作用时间的增长 ,镧在肝脏中的累积量有规律地增大 ;停止给药一段时间后 ,积累在肝脏中的镧有不同程度的代谢 ,其代谢速度很慢 ;累积在肝脏中的镧主要分布于分子量大于 6 0 0 0 0的水溶性蛋白中 ;经SephacrylS 2 0 0层析分离得到的六个蛋白洗脱峰中均含有稀土 ,在第一个洗脱峰中含量最大 ,约占肝脏含镧大分子蛋白 (分子量大于 6 0 0 0 0 )总量的 88%     

尺寸可控氢氧化镧纳米棒的水热合成及表征

以硝酸镧为镧源、三乙胺为碱源和络合剂,通过简便的水热法成功合成了大量均一的氢氧化镧纳米棒。详细研究了三乙胺的用量、表面活性剂、反应温度和时间对产物形貌及尺寸的影响。基于实验结果,提出了氢氧化镧纳米棒的形成机理。同时制备了稀土掺杂的氢氧化镧纳米棒。利用X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、选区电子衍射（SAED）和高分辨透射电子显微镜（HRTEM）对所得产物的物相、结构和形貌进行了表征分析。     

新型单和双取代四氢茚基稀土氯化物的合成

以四氢呋喃为溶剂,将四氢茚与金属钾反应得到针晶状四氢茚钾(THIK)。后者与无水稀土氯化物反应,得到新型单取代或双取代的四氢茚基稀土氯化物[THI]_xLnCl_(3-x)(x=1,2;Ln=La,Nd及Er)。其中[THI]LaCl_2和[THI]NdCl_2是文献中尚未报道过的单取代轻稀土化物。这些化合物均经元素分析、熔点、紫外-可见光谱、红外光谱、质谱、~1H和~(13)C核磁谱等鉴定。     

Electroflotation Extraction of Valuable Components from Wash Waters of Electroplating Works,with Water Recycling

An electroflotation technology for extracting ions of heavy nonferrous metals from the wash and waste waters of electrolytic baths is proposed. The main regularities and basic parameters of the electroflotation extraction of ions of copper, zinc, nickel, chromium, and iron in the form of hydroxides, phosphates and sulfides of the metals are determined. Optimum technological parameters for the extraction of copper ions in the presence of complexing agents are established. Advantages of an electroflotation with electrocorrection of pH are shown.     

电镀污水净化新工艺--电浮选方法简介

综述了电浮选方法处理电镀污水的基本原理和提高电浮选净水技术的途径。重点介绍了俄罗斯门捷列夫化工大学的电浮选两种新工艺方法。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定钼镧合金中镧元素

采用盐酸-硝酸溶解钼镧合金样品,建立电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法（ICP-AES）测定钼镧合金中镧元素的分析方法,给出影响测量结果的不确定度分量。选择379.478nm为镧的分析谱线,通过基体匹配法消除基体钼的干扰。在优化条件下对钼镧合金样品进行测定,线性相关系数在0.999以上,定量下限为0.048%,测定结果的相对标准偏差（RSD,n=11）小于3%,回收率为93.00%~105.00%。该方法快速、准确,可以满足实际生产中钼镧合金样品的测定要求。     

Photometric determination of trace uranium(VI), phosphorus(V), arsenic(V), and vanadium(V) in saturated aqueous solutions of poorly soluble compounds

A procedure for extraction-photometric determination of uranium(VI) was developed and procedures for the determination of phosphorus(V), arsenic(V), and vanadium(V) were modernized. The solubility of some poorly soluble uranium compounds in aqueous solutions was determined. Deceased.     

Substoichiometric determination of lanthanum by using EDTA and 8-hydroxyquinoline

The substoichiometric separation of lanthanum was studied on the system EDTA —lanthanum—8-hydroxyquinoline. The optimum conditions for the substoichiometric separation of lanthanum were calculated theoretically and these results were examined experimentally. By using the two chelating agents, EDTA and 8-hydroxyquinoline, lanthanum could be separated substoichiometrically with good accuracy and precision. This method was applied to the determination of lanthanum by activation analysis, and found to be available for the determination of trace amount of lanthanum.     

Effect of the synthesis temperature on some properties of aqueous dispersions of nanoparticles of oxygen-containing lanthanum compounds

The effect of the synthesis conditions of aqueous dispersions of oxygen-containing lanthanum compounds on the size, shape, and phase composition of nanoparticles is studied. It is established that the hydrolysis of lanthanum nitrate at the boiling point of a solution affords sols with a narrower particle size distribution and a higher degree of particle crystallinity. The ranges of [OH^?]/[La³⁺] concentration ratios are determined within which aggregatively stable aqueous dispersions of oxygen-containing lanthanum compounds can be synthesized.