玻璃基板作用下高分子共混物薄膜相形态发展过程

研究了玻璃基板作用下极性高聚物为低组分的共混物薄膜在退火条件下相形态的发展过程 .选用聚苯乙烯 (PS) 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 (PMMA)与聚苯乙烯 (PS) 聚ε 己内酯 (PCL)两个体系 ,在玻璃基板上Spin Coating成膜后退火 .由于共混物薄膜中极性相对较大的高聚物组分 (PMMA和PCL)相对于极性较小的PS组分对玻璃基板具有更好的润湿性 ,所以在上述的两个共混薄膜体系中其相形态分别显示PMMA和PCL在低组分比例下最终发展成为连续相 .利用扫描电镜以及元素分析很好地验证了以上的结论 ,并且对其机理进行了解释 .此外 ,改变PS的分子量与PCL共混 ,研究了组分粘度对薄膜相形态发展的影响 .结果表明 ,PS组分粘度越大 ,共混物薄膜相结构发展速度越慢     

基板界面对PS/PMMA溶液共混物溶剂挥发成膜相结构的影响

研究了PS PMMA的共混物溶液溶剂蒸发成膜时的基板界面效应 .利用扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)研究了PS PMMA(5 5 ) (W W) THF高分子共混物溶液在不同基板上通过溶剂挥发成膜的相形态结构 .通过FTIR及ATR FTIR检测了共混物薄膜及其表面的共混组成 .研究结果表明 ,成膜基板对高分子共混物溶液成膜后的相形态有很重要的影响 .控制共混物溶液体系成膜过程中的动力学因素 ,可以调控出所设想的各种复杂的相结构形态     

两相聚合物熔体中相区粗化过程的格子Boltzmann研究

在自由能格子Boltzmann方法的基础上, 采用附加的作用力项描述非理想流体作用, 得到了改进自由能形式的格子Boltzmann模型. 对于高分子共混体系, 采用了Flory-Huggins自由能函数形式, 对两相聚合物熔体中的相区粗化过程进行了模拟. 首先通过格子Boltzmann方法计算得到了聚合物共混物的相分离曲线, 该曲线与两相共存曲线的解析值吻合得较好. 应用此模型, 研究了聚合物共混体系不稳分相机理的相区粗化过程. 在此基础上, 探讨了分相后期相区尺寸随时间的增长指数与高分子链长和Flory-Huggins相互作用参数的关系. 模拟结果表明, 相区的后期增长机理与高分子链长和Flory-Huggins相互作用参数关系不大, 而流体的粘度决定了相区的后期增长机理, 是影响相区后期增长指数的重要因素.     

基板界面对ＰＳ／ＰＭＭＡ共涨物薄膜相逆转组成比的影响

近年来高分子共混体系中的界面,表面效应逐渐引起了越来越多研究者的兴越,人们发现,当共混物薄膜厚度减至一定程度时,聚合物共混物薄膜中的相形态,相容性和相分离动力学与本体中有较大的不同^[1~3].基板界面作用对共混薄膜体的热力学,动力学行为产生很大的影响,我们以往的研究^[4,5]也发现,ＰＰ／ＥＶＡc(70/3０）共混体系退火过程中,基板界面（如玻璃）作用可大大加速分散相（ＥＶＡc)粒子的粗化凝聚过程,本研究用聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯和聚苯乙烯共混物押氢呋喃深液在不同在板介质（如玻璃基板,ＰＰ基板）上成膜,用相产左显微镜观测了膜的相形态变化并确定共混和的的相逆转区域,用界面张力和共混物薄膜上下表面的ＡＴＲ－ＦＴＩＲ实验结果探讨了成膜过程中的基板界面效应对相逆转区域的影响。     

基板界面对PS/PMMA共混物薄膜相逆转组成比的影响

近年来高分子共混体系中的界面、表面效应逐渐引起了越来越多研究者的兴趣 .人们发现 ,当共混物薄膜厚度减至一定程度时 ,聚合物共混物薄膜中的相形态、相容性及相分离动力学与本体中有较大的不同[1～ 3] .基板界面作用对共混薄膜体系的热力学、动力学行为产生很大的影响 .我们以往的研究 [4 ,5]也发现 ,PP/EVAc(70 /30 )共混体系退火过程中 ,基板界面 (如玻璃 )作用可大大加速分散相(EVAc)粒子的粗化凝聚过程 .本研究用聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯和聚苯乙烯共混物的四氢呋喃溶液在不同基板介质 (如玻璃基板 ,PP基板 )上成膜 ,用相差显微镜观测了…     

PMMA/超支化聚(酯-酰胺)共混物薄膜中柱状相结构的形成

利用相差显微镜、三维形貌测量仪对聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 超支化聚 (酯 酰胺 ) (PMMA HBP)共混物薄膜在玻璃基板作用下的相分离行为进行了研究 .结果表明 ,不同组分比的共混物薄膜会呈现不同的相形态和相分离过程 .当薄膜厚度在 5 0 0nm左右 ,HBP为低组分时 ,发现了一种特殊的分散相为圆柱状的相形态 ,并对该相形态出现的条件进行了研究 .认为基板与组分之间的相互作用和薄膜厚度决定了圆柱状结构形成 .     

高分子共混物梯度相结构形成过程中的界面效应

通过在高分子共混物内部引入不同的第三相界面,系统地研究了退火热处理条件下该界面对于共混物梯度相形态形成的影响.对具有一定初始粒径的共混物体系或初始近似为均相的共混体系,在第三相界面的诱导下,均能形成梯度相形态.探讨了诱导界面间距与体系相结构的关系.结果表明,当两个诱导界面间距小于所生成梯度层厚度的两倍时,梯度结构趋于交叠.继续减小诱导界面间距,则梯度结构趋于消失,诱导界面间共混物中分散相粒子快速长大,界面的诱导作用遍布整个样片,证实了我们所提出的“高分子共混物中二维条件下界面诱导加速分散相粒子粗化凝聚”的结论.     

聚苯乙烯／等规聚丙烯共混中双重海／岛复合结构的形成

从理论上详细分析了非相容共混体系液滴形变、破碎的机理和双重海／岛复合结构的形成条件．应用电子显微镜和光学显微镜法，以聚苯乙烯／等规聚丙烯共混物为试样，对聚合物共混中双重海／岛复合结构的形成机理、结构形态和形成条件进行了研究．提出了双重海／岛复合结构形成过程的模型．     

聚苯乙烯／等规聚丙烯共混中双重海／岛复合结构的形成

 从理论上详细分析了非相容共混体系液滴形变、破碎的机理和双重海／岛复合结构的形成条件．应用电子显微镜和光学显微镜法，以聚苯乙烯／等规聚丙烯共混物为试样，对聚合物共混中双重海／岛复合结构的形成机理、结构形态和形成条件进行了研究．提出了双重海／岛复合结构形成过程的模型．     

原子力-红外光谱定量分析聚1-丁烯／聚丙烯共混物的相区组成

在聚1-丁烯（PB）中混入聚丙烯（PP）能够调节前者的结晶行为，二者的共混物因此引起了人们的兴趣，其中关于两个组分的相容性目前还存在争议。本文首先建立PB／PP共混物组成的傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FT-IR）定量分析方法，以1460和1378 cm^－1吸收峰的面积比来确定共混物中PB的质量分数，进而利用原子力-红外（AFM-IR）光谱与FT-IR光谱的一致性将其应用于AFM-IR谱的数据处理，以获得共混物中微相区的组成。研究发现PB质量分数为70%的PB／PP共混物发生了相分离，两个组分部分互溶，形成了富PB相和富PP相，分别含有78%和19%的PB。     

Interface-Induced Coarsening Process in Polymer Blends

The coarsening process of the droplets in a two-phase polymer blend (PP/EVAc) was studied under two-dimensional and three-dimensional conditions using a phase contrast microscope and computer image analyzer. The results showed that under three-dimensional conditions the growth of the droplet's radius with time follows r(3) approximately t(1.01), corresponding to the evaporation-condensation theory of Lifshitz-Slyozov, r(3) approximately t, while under two-dimensional conditions the growth law is r(3) approximately t(1.31). The growth rate of the droplets under two-dimensional conditions is faster than that under three-dimensional conditions. This difference is caused by an interfacial interaction (wetting effects) between the substrates and polymer blend. The existence of the interface promoted the coarsening process of the polymer blend under two-dimensional conditions. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.     

第三相界面对高分子共混物粗化过程的影响研究

共混物相分离的机理已有研究［１］．但对共混物分散相的粗化过程的研究则不多见．１９７７年,Ｃａｈｎ等［２］预言第三相界面与低分子共混物之间存在的浸润作用对相分离过程应有较大影响．近年Ｔａｎａｋａ等［３］的研究结果表明,在几何空间受限的条件下,含有小分子...     

Characterization of fluorocarbon-in-water emulsions with added triglyceride

Fluorocarbon-in-water emulsions are being explored clinically as synthetic oxygen carriers in general surgery. Stabilizing fluorocarbon emulsions against coarsening is critical in maintaining the biocompatibility of the formulation following intravenous administration. It has been purported that the addition of a small percentage of long-chain triglyceride results in stabilization of fluorocarbon emulsions via formation of a three-phase emulsion. In a three-phase emulsion, the triglyceride forms a layer around the dispersed fluorocarbon, thereby improving the adhesion of the phospholipid surfactant to the dispersed phase. In the present study, we examined the effect of triglyceride addition on the physicochemical characteristics of the resulting complex dispersion. In particular, we examined the particle composition and stability of the dispersed particles using a method which first fractionates (classifies) the different particles prior to sizing (i.e., sedimentation field-flow fractionation). It was determined that the addition of a long-chain triglyceride (soybean oil) results in oil demixing and two distinct populations of emulsion droplets. The presence of the two types of emulsion droplets is not observed via light scattering techniques, since the triglyceride droplets dominate the scattering due to a large difference in the refractive index between the particles and the medium as compared to fluorocarbon droplets. The growth of the fractionated fluorocarbon emulsion droplets was followed over time, and it was found that there was no difference in growth rates with and without added triglyceride. In contrast, addition of medium-chain-triglyceride (MCT) oils results in a single population of emulsion droplets (i.e., a three-phase emulsion). These emulsions are not stable to droplet coalescence, however, as significant penetration of MCT into the phospholipid lipid interfacial layer results in a negative increment in the monolayer spontaneous curvature, thereby favoring water-in-oil emulsions and resulting in destabilization of the emulsion to the effects of terminal heat sterilization or mechanical stress.     

界面张力在基板诱导共混物分散相粒子粗化生长加速现象中的作用

通过相差显微镜和计算机图像处理来研究两相聚合物体系的粗化过程 .将具有不同聚比的乙烯 聚醋酸乙烯酯 (EVAc)共聚物与聚丙烯 (PP)共混 ,制备不同相界面张力的系列共混物薄膜 .观察了在玻璃基板的作用下 ,不同界面张力体系的分散相粒子粗化行为 ,发现界面张力在约 0 4 8·1 0 - 5N cm以上的体系中分散相粒子的粗化有明显的加速现象 ,粒子体积生长与时间关系的指数大于 1 0 ;而两相界面张力较低的情况下 ,选择具有不同表面极性的基板对同一体系试验 ,我们均未发现有粗化加速现象产生 ,且采用不同基板之间的试验结果差异很小 ,亦即当高分子共混物的相界面张力大于一定值时 ,仅与基板存在有关 ,粒子的粗化行为被加速     

壳聚糖在二氯乙酸中的溶致液晶性

制备了不同脱乙酰度和分子量在１－３ ～１５－１ ×１０５ 范围内的壳聚糖样品,并用傅里叶变换红外光谱法（ＦＴＩＲ）和粘度法进行了表征．借助偏光显微镜研究了不同壳聚糖样品在二氯乙酸中的液晶相转变和液晶状态．实验结果表明,分子量在１０５ ～１０６ 范围内的增大使壳聚糖形成液晶相的临界浓度（ Ｃ＊ ） 略有降低;脱乙酰度在７０ ～９０ ％ 范围内,对Ｃ＊ 的影响基本可以忽略．临界浓度的实验值与根据Ｋｈｏｋｈｌｏｖ Ｓｅｍｅｎｏｖ Ｏｄｉｊｋ 理论预示的值比较一致,说明蠕虫链模型可以很好地描述壳聚糖分子链在二氯乙酸中的溶致液晶行为．     

不完全相反转乳化过程分散相水滴形态发展研究

相反转乳化技术是制备高分子树脂水基分散体系的新方法[1～4].相反转指多组分体系(如油/水/乳化剂)中的连续相在一定条件下相互转化的过程,如在油/水/乳化剂体系中,其连续相由水相向油相(或从油相变为水相)的转变.在连续相转变区,体系的界面张力最低,因而分散相的尺寸最小.同理,可利用相反转技术直接将高分子树脂乳化为尺寸很小的水基微粒,即制备高分子树脂的水基分散体系.由于高分子树脂的粘弹性及相反转过程的复杂性,对高分子树脂的相反转乳化过程的机理研究较少.杨振忠[5]等通过调节高分子非离子型乳化剂浓度,可以有效地控制相反转完善程…     

Kinetics of colloidal templating using emulsion drop consolidation

The emulsion templating of ordered colloidal microsphere assemblies by Manoharan et al. involves a consolidation process where dispersed phase fluid is transported from droplets into a continuous phase. Consolidation can be approximated as a diffusion process with moving boundaries. The kinetics of consolidation are investigated here by following droplet shrinkage with time as a prelude to understanding rate effects on assembly structure. Consolidation kinetics are influenced by liquid diffusivity, the number of colloidal particles in a droplet, and the surfactant concentration. While surfactant exhibits little effect well below its critical micelle concentration (CMC) value, it significantly slows consolidation above the CMC. For a specific continuous phase (i.e., silicone oil and fluorinated silicone oil), with proper scalings, the droplet size shrinks with time following a power law independent of droplet diameter, surfactant concentrations, and particle number concentration. The power law exponent varies from 1/2 to 2/3 with different continuous oil phases as a result of concentration and interfacial effects. This study leads to an improved understanding of colloidal microstructure development at interfaces that can be applied in novel materials synthesis and drug delivery areas.     

聚氧乙烯链构象性质的三级相互作用近似

基于旋转异构态近似模型 ,用半经验势函数计算了聚氧乙烯 (POE)链在三级相互作用下构象能 ,并用三级相互作用近似下的统计权重矩阵方法计算了POE链的特征比、偶极矩比等构象性质 .结果表明 ,当考虑了三级相互作用时 ,计算结果和实验值符合得比较好 ,与由二级相互作用近似得到的结果相比 ,在很大程度上得到了改善     

Stochastic diffusion interactions and coarsening in a system of droplets growing from a supersaturated gas mixture

In this work we study diffusion interactions among liquid droplets growing in stochastic population by condensation from supersaturated binary gas mixture. During the postnucleation transient regime collective growth of liquid droplets competing for the available water vapor decreases local supersaturation leading to the increase of critical radius and the onset of coarsening process. In coarsening regime the growth of larger droplets is prevailing noticeably broadening the droplet size-distribution function when the condensation process becomes more intensive than the supersaturation yield. Modifications in the kinetic equation are discussed and formulated for a stochastic population of liquid droplets when diffusional interactions among droplets become noteworthy. The kinetic equation for the droplet size-distribution function is solved together with field equations for the mass fraction of disperse liquid phase, mass fraction of water vapor component of moist air, and temperature during diffusion-dominated regime of droplet coarsening. The droplet size and mass distributions are found as functions of the liquid volume fraction, showing considerable broadening of droplet spectra. It is demonstrated that the effect of latent heat of condensation considerably changes coarsening process. The coarsening rate constant, the droplet density (number of droplets per unit volume), the screening length, the mean droplet size, and mass are determined as functions of the temperature, pressure, and liquid volume fraction.