含预制单裂隙石膏裂纹孕育与能量演化的应变率效应研究

基于高速相机和MTS万能试验机对含预制裂纹石膏样品进行了单轴压缩应变率效应试验研究,在应变率10~(-5)/s～10~(-3)/s之间选取6种应变率进行单轴压缩试验,对应力应变曲线、裂纹扩展路径、起裂应力、起裂角、弹性模量、峰值强度等与裂纹扩展相关的信息进行了应变率效应分析,并基于岩石材料破坏能量演化原理对其进行解释。试验表明:应变率在10~(-5)/s～2×10~(-4)/s范围时,石膏样品应力应变曲线台阶式上升或回落,波动较多,翼型裂纹发展充分,起裂应力、弹性模量、峰值强度等相差不大,裂纹起裂角82°左右,验证了最小应变能密度因子理论;应变率在5×10~(-4)/s、 10~(-3)/s时,石膏样品应力应变曲线峰前斜率较大,峰后跌落快,表现出岩石类材料典型的脆性特征,起裂应力、弹性模量、峰值强度等力学参数明显增大,起裂角为105°,此时应变能密度因子理论不再适用。     

正交各向异性功能梯度材料反平面裂纹尖端应力场

采用积分变换-对偶积分方程方法,研究了正交各向异性功能梯度材料反平面裂纹问题,文中假定材料沿两个主轴方向的剪切模量成比例按双参数梯度模型变化,通过求解对偶积分程并考虑变形Bessel函数的渐特性,推导出了裂纹尖端应力场,最后考察了材料非均匀性及正交性对应力强度因子的影响。     

杂交有限元构造的正交假设应力场方法

分别对各向同性和正交各向异性材料的假设应力场进行正交化并形成相应的杂交元,由于避免了柔度矩阵求逆运算,从而提高了杂交元分析效率。对各向同性材料杂交元直接利用柔度矩阵特征向量导出了正交假设应力场,其正交性不依赖于材料,因而具有更好的适用性。此外由于不需要借助本征变形模式进行迭代而避免了复杂的数值计算。对于正交各向异性材料提出了一种材料矩阵分裂法对假设应力场进行正交化,研究结果表明,所得的正交应力场只与材料两个主方向弹性模量的比值有关,因而不受横向泊松效应的影响。采用本文方法对2D-4节点单元和3D-8节点单元的常用应力场进行正交化,给出了十分简洁的结果。     

“论两种不同正交异性楔弹性接触”中应力奇异性

一般楔形体受面力作用时,其应力及位移有时会变为无限大。本文继续[1]的工作,分析均匀正交异性楔和两种不同正交异性复合楔的应力奇异性问题。由于假定了G_(rθ)=((E_rE_θ)/(1/2))/(2(1+(μ_(rθ)μ_(θr))/(1/2)),可用解析法得到应力奇异阶次为γ~(-s)型。对于均匀正交异性楔s只与材料弹性模量比值平方根kl=(E_θ/E_r)/(1/2)有关;对于正交异性复合楔,当k＇=k＇＇,s与复合楔中材料剪切模量比值e(=G_(rθ)~＇/G_(rθ)~＇＇)是无关的。     

正交各向异性平面断裂问题应力强度因子的边界元解法

本文研究单向复合材料或正交各向异性体平面断裂问题,构造了一个1/4节点混合参数应力奇异边界元,综合运用该元素与1/4节点等参边界元,提出了求解应力强度因子的混合边界元解法,用所述方法计算了含中心裂纹无限大与有限大正交各向异性板的应力强度因子,算例表明,本文所述方法不仅计算精度高,而且适应性强,便于工程应用。     

含椭圆夹杂正交各向异性体的界面应力研究

本文研究了远场作用反平面载荷时含椭圆夹杂正交各向异性体的界面应力分布规律．利用解析函数边值问题理论和共形映射技术,推导了反平面载荷下含椭圆夹杂正交异性体的精确解,获得了夹杂和基体内应力场的闭合解,并通过有限元结果验证了本文解析解的有效性．研究表明：基体材料主方向弹性模量比C55/C44和夹杂形状比 对界面应力影响显著;基体材料主方向模量比C55/C44对界面应力的影响受夹杂/基体模量比Cf/C44的限制．     

无胶结材料的离散元微观参数交互作用研究

为研究无胶结材料离散元参数之间的交互影响,采用抗转动模型进行三轴排水试验模拟。首先,采用完全试验设计方法和析因试验设计方法,分别对宏微观参数相依规律以及参数之间的交互作用进行定性分析;然后,采用多元非线性回归分析方法对其进行定量分析,并提出了考虑交互作用的宏微观参数换算理论公式。着重探讨了无胶结材料微观参数中的刚度比α=k_s/k_n(0.3~0.9)、滚动刚度系数β(0.1~3)、颗粒内摩擦角θ(10~40)、法向接触刚度k_n(1×10~7~7×10~7)以及塑性弯矩系数η(0.1~3)与材料宏观力学性质峰值应力σ_p、残余强度σ_r、弹性模量E、泊松比ν以及内摩擦角φ之间的相关关系。研究结果表明,(1)颗粒材料的宏观强度参数主要受颗粒内摩擦角以及抗转动参数影响,而其变形参数主要由颗粒接触刚度及接触刚度比控制;(2)各个微观参数之间就存在不同程度的交互作用,且交互作用对试样宏观性质将产生一定影响;(3)对峰值强度、残余强度和宏观内摩擦角而言,两抗转动参数之间以及抗转动参数与颗粒内摩擦角之间存在较强交互作用。对于宏观弹性模量和泊松比而言,颗粒接触刚度和颗粒接触刚度比与其他微观参数产生较强的交互作用。研究成果对合理科学地确定离散元模型的微观参数具有一定的指导意义。     

正交各向异性功能梯度涂层-基底结构共线裂纹问题的断裂分析

论文研究了一正交各向异性功能梯涂层粘结到一均匀基底含共线裂纹的平面I型断裂问题.引入新的双参数指数函数模拟连续改变的材料性质,正交各向异性的主轴方向分别为平行和垂直于带的边界,采用积分变换技术,所求的问题转化为第一类的Cauchy奇异积分方程,获得了共线裂纹尖端应力场,结果显示了材料常数和几何参数对应力强度因子的影响.     

梯度多孔材料单轴压缩弹塑性变形的宏微观数值分析

针对闭孔的密度梯度多孔材料,建立含球形孔洞的三维数值分析模型,研究其单轴压缩力学行为。首先,研究密度梯度对多孔材料宏观力学行为(如弹性模量和屈服强度)的影响;其次,研究密度梯度与材料局部力学性能的关系,得到了沿梯度方向弹性模量和屈服强度的分布规律;最后,讨论梯度多孔材料单轴压缩变形局部化机制。结果表明:当梯度材料与均质材料的总体相对密度相同时,梯度材料的宏观弹性模量和屈服强度均低于均质材料水平,其宏观应力-应变关系曲线降低;梯度多孔材料沿梯度方向的力学性能发生急剧变化,等效弹性模量沿梯度方向呈线性分布,屈服强度呈非线性曲线分布,导致沿梯度方向应力、应变呈现高度的不均匀性;多孔材料的变形局部化产生于孔隙率较大的薄弱位置,再逐渐向孔隙率较小的位置发展。由此可知,孔隙率的梯度变化影响多孔材料的力学性能,通过改变孔隙率的分布可实现材料预期的力学性质。     

理想正交各向异性弹塑性材料平面应力条件下Ⅰ型静止裂纹尖端场

在本文中,以 Hill 的塑性理论为基础,详细地讨论了理想正交各向异性弹塑性材料,平面应力条件下Ⅰ型静止裂纹尖端场解。裂纹尖端应力场不包含应力间断线,但包含弹性区。分析的结果表明(i)对于平面应力静止裂纹问题,应力场解不是唯一的,场解中的自由参数必须由远场条件来确定。(ii)裂纹尖端的应力、应变的奇异性,无论是各向异性材料还是各向同性材料,都是相同的。但在各向异性材料中,各向异性参数影响着应力、应变的幅度和分布。     

GUIDED THERMOELASTIC WAVE PROPAGATION IN LAYERED PLATES WITHOUT ENERGY DISSIPATION

In this paper, the propagation of guided thermoelastic waves in laminated orthotropic plates subjected to stress-free, isothermal boundary conditions is investigated in the context of the Green-Naghdi (GN) generalized thermoelastic theory (without energy dissipation). The coupled wave equations and heat conduction equation are solved by the Legendre orthogonal polynomial series expansion approach. The validity of the method is confirmed through a comparison. The dispersion curves of thermal modes and elastic modes are illustrated simultaneously. Dispersion curves of the corresponding pure elastic plate are also shown to analyze the influence of the thermoelasticity on elastic modes. The displacement and temperature distributions are shown to discuss the differences between the elastic modes and thermal modes.     

正交各向异性韧性材料应力-应变关系

采用大变形弹塑性有限元方法分析了各向同性和正交各向异性韧性材料光滑圆棒拉伸试件的颈缩问题．首先给出了采用计算机模拟确定各向同性韧性材料真实应力-应变曲线的具体方法；对正交各向异性韧性材料的分析表明，颈缩截面呈椭圆形，其长短轴方向的等效塑性应变基本上均匀分布，与Bridgman假设一致；轴向拉伸载荷-位移曲线与其它两方向的各向异性参数关系不大．在此基础上，建议了一种确定正交各向异性韧性材料真实应力-应变曲线的方法．     

Size-dependent thermoelasticity of a finite bi-layered nanoscale plate based on nonlocal dual-phase-lag heat conduction and Eringen's nonlocal elasticity

The size effects on heat conduction and elastic deformation are becoming significant along with the miniaturization of the device and wide application of ultrafast lasers.In this work,to better describe the transient responses of nanostructures,a size-dependent thermoelastic model is established based on nonlocal dual-phase-lag(N-DPL)heat conduction and Eringen's nonlocal elasticity,which is applied to the one-dimensional analysis of a finite bi-layered nanoscale plate under a sudden thermal shock.In the numerical part,a semi-analytical solution is obtained by using the Laplace transform method,upon which the effects of size-dependent characteristic lengths and material properties of each layer on the transient responses are discussed systematically.The results show that the introduction of the elastic nonlocal parameter of Medium 1 reduces the displacement and compressive stress,while the thermal nonlocal parameter of Medium 1 increases the deformation and compressive stress.These findings may be beneficial to the design of nano-sized and multi-layered devices.     

Exact Analytical Solutions of Three-Dimensional Static Thermoelastic Problems for a Transversally Isotropic Body in Curvilinear Coordinate Systems

An approach to the solution of three-dimensional static thermoelastic problems for a transversally isotropic (the case of rectangular anisotropy) body is proposed. The results of construction of the general analytic solutions to thermoelastic problems for canonical bodies are systematized. The exact analytic solutions of three-dimensional problems are obtained. It is assumed that the bodies under consideration are thermoelastic and their boundary surface corresponds to the coordinate surfaces in coordinate systems that allow separating the variables in the three-dimensional Laplace equation. The stress concentration near cavities and inclusions is studied. The stress intensity factors near elliptic and hyperbolic cracks are determined. Formulas are presented for the stress intensity factors on the surface of a rigid elliptic inclusion and inside the body near a homogeneity under various thermal effects     

功能梯度矩形厚板的三维热弹性分析

直接从三维热弹性力学基本方程出发，通过引入两个位移函数和两个应力函数，导出了一个二阶的齐次状态方程和一个四阶的非齐次状态方程。分析中采用了层合近似模型，即将板划分成厚度足够小的若干薄层，从面可将每一层内的材料常数近似为常数。给出了任意厚度的四边简支横观各向同性功能梯度矩形板的热弹性分析，特别当板较薄时，与薄板理论进行了数值对比，发现两者结果吻合很好。最后研究了材料梯度指标对热弹性场的影响，结果显示梯度指标对热应力和位移都有着显著的作用：在不同的区间，梯度指标对它们有不同的影响；并且在同一区间，梯度指标对两者的影响程度也有所不同。     

Three-dimensional Green’s functions for transversely isotropic thermoelastic bimaterials

Green’s functions for transversely isotropic thermoelastic biomaterials are established in the paper. We first express the compact general solutions of transversely isotropic thermoelastic material in terms of harmonic functions and introduce six new harmonic functions. The three-dimensional Green’s function having a concentrated heat source in steady state is completely solved using these new harmonic functions. The analytical results show some new phenomena of temperature and stress distributions at the interface. The temperature contours are normal to the interface for the isotropic material but not for the orthotropic one. The normal stress contours are parallel to the interface at the boundary in the isotropic region only and shear failure is most likely at the heat source due to the highly degenerated direction of shear stress contours.     

Theory of thin thermoelastic rods made of porous materials

In this paper, we consider thin rods modeled by the direct approach, in which the rod-like body is regarded as a one-dimensional continuum (i.e., a deformable curve) with a triad of rigidly rotating orthonormal vectors attached to each material point. In this context, we present a model for porous thermoelastic curved rods, having natural twisting and arbitrary shape of cross-section. To describe the porosity, we employ the theory of elastic materials with voids. The basic laws of thermodynamics are applied directly to the one-dimensional continuum, and the nonlinear governing equations are established. We formulate the constitutive equations and determine the structure of constitutive tensors. We prove the uniqueness of solution to the boundary-initial-value problem associated with the deformation of porous thermoelastic rods in the framework of linear theory. Then, we show the decoupling of the bending-shear and extension-torsion problems for straight porous rods. Using a comparison with three-dimensional equations, we identify and give interpretations to the relevant fields introduced in the direct approach. Finally, we consider the case of orthotropic materials and determine the constitutive coefficients for deformable curves in terms of three-dimensional constitutive constants by means of comparison between simple solutions obtained in the two approaches for porous thermoelastic rods.     

杂交元本征应力模式和应力子空间的性质研究

详细讨论了有限元本征应力模式和应力子空间的性质，并着重讨论和进一步完善了与杂交应力有限元应力子空间有关的一些定理，为提出新方法提供了理论基础，主要包括：（1）证明了杂交元特征值不大于对应位移元的特征值；（2）证明了矩阵H非奇异的充分必要条件是假设应力模式线性无关；（3）证明了杂交元所对应位移元的本征应力模式形成的杂交元与该位移元相同；（4）证明了等价假设应力模式形成相同的杂交元；（5）证明了确定杂交元本征应力模式的充分必要条件是其范数平方等于所形成杂交元的变形模态特征值；（6）证明了杂交元假设应力模式与变形模态的能量一一对应的充分必要条件是假设应力模式彼此正交且与所对应位移元的本征应力模式除了一一对应者之外都正交。     

正交各向异性厚层压板的热弹性响应分析

对受温度场作用的正交各向异性厚层压板建立了单层的热弹性状态方程，运用现代控制理论传递求解得到温度场作用的层压板的精确热弹性响应。对典型的受沿面内正弦分布沿厚度方向线性分布的温度场作用的四边简支矩形板的精确热弹性响应进行了详细分析和求解，与国内外相关理论结果比较，令人满意。     

三维热弹性应力波传播问题的数值分析

为求解三维动态热弹性问题提出了一种基于特征线法的数值方法，并对矩形截面的热弹性棒在冲击载荷和热冲击作用下的三维应力波传播过程进行了数值模拟。