圆形均布荷载作用下分数导数型黏弹性土基变形分析

土体的蠕变特性是影响工后沉降和工程安全的重要因素.基于半空间弹性土基受圆形均布荷载作用弹性理论解,根据弹性与黏弹性理论的对应原理,建立了分数导数型黏弹性土基在竖向圆形均布荷载作用下的地表位移与分数阶导数等参数的关系,并分析了不同分数阶下地表变形的时效特性.结果表明,与经典黏弹性本构模型相比,分数导数黏弹性模型能够在较宽的范围内描述黏弹性土基变形的特性,采用分数导数Kelvin黏弹性本构模型计算的地表沉降较经典的Kelvin黏弹性模型小,土基的蠕变特性与分数导数的阶数有关,具有更为广泛的适用性和应用前景.     

单轴拉伸条件下细观非均匀性岩石损伤局部化和应力应变关系分析

岩石在拉应力状态下的力学特性不同于压应力状态下的力学特性．利用细观力学理论研究了细观非均匀性岩石拉伸应力应变关系包括:线弹性阶段、非线性强化阶段、应力降阶段、应变软化阶段.模型考虑了微裂纹方位角为Weibull分布和微裂纹长度的分布密度函数为Rayleigh函数时对损伤局部化和应力应变关系的影响,分析了产生应力降和应变软化的主要原因是损伤和变形局部化.通过和实验成果对比分析验证了模型的正确性和有效性．     

基于分数阶损伤蠕变模型的圆形隧洞黏弹塑性解

深埋隧洞围岩变形是一个与时间相关的复杂力学过程.为了描述这一过程,首先基于分数阶理论,提出一个新的非线性蠕变损伤本构模型.然后基于该模型,并引入Hoke-Brown屈服准则,推导出深埋条件下圆形隧洞围岩位移的黏弹塑性解析解.最后,以锦屏二级水电站辅助洞为工程实例,对解析解的有效性进行验证,并分析了流变参数对流变位移的影响.研究结果表明:1)分数阶蠕变损伤本构可以较好的描述岩石蠕变全过程,即衰减蠕变、常速蠕变及加速蠕变过程.2)随着模型中分数阶阶次及损伤因子量值的增加,围岩的蠕变变形更为明显.3)解析曲线与现场实测位移平均值曲线在量值与形态上均吻合较好,验证了解析解的有效性.     

锚索预应力损失多元件耦合模型研究

根据预应力锚索作用机理,将锚索自由段与锚固段分别用不同的流变元件代替,并将锚固段分为周围介质和钢绞线锚固体两部分,建立预应力锚索锚固系统的耦合计算模型,确定耦合模型的蠕变方程,从理论上解释了锚固力变化与锚索自由段松弛、锚固段流变、周围岩土体蠕变之间的关系.通过现场监测值验证了耦合模型的合理性,得到深基坑锚固力损失预测公式.并统计多个深基坑锚索预应力变化监测值,得到线性拟合结果与耦合模型计算结果相符.     

高压水射流作用下岩石破碎机理及过程的数值模拟研究

根据连续介质力学和有限元理论,给出了高压水射流破岩系统中流体和岩石的控制方程,并建立了相应的有限元列式．运用连续损伤力学和细观损伤力学理论,建立了适用于水射流破岩全过程分析的岩石损伤模型以及宏细观损伤的耦合模式．数值计算的结果较真实地反映了水射流破岩过程中,岩石的动态响应以及水射流动力学特性的演化过程,普通连续水射流破碎岩石主体所用的时间为毫秒量级,破岩的主要形式是卸载及射流冲击所产生的拉伸破坏,并呈“阶跃式”发展．数值计算与相关试验结果基本吻合,表明该分析方法是可行的,可用来指导高压水射流破岩理论的进一步研究及应用．     

基于有限元的金属基短纤维复合材料MMC的一种统计蠕变模型

在有限元分析的基础上建立了一个单向应力状态下金属基短纤维复合材料(MMC)的统计蠕变模型.首先建立细胞模型并进行有限元分析,得到了单向应力状态下材料细观尺寸及载荷方向对宏观蠕变响应的影响规律.通过在细胞模型中增加一界面层(考虑材料特性和厚度)来研究基体和纤维的界面对MMC宏观蠕变响应的影响.基于细胞模型的数值结果,提出了一适用于纤维平面随机分布的随机统计模型,该模型考虑了纤维的断裂.通过试验获得纤维的统计分布规律.分析结果表明随机统计模型可以满意地描述试验结果.进一步讨论了材料细观尺寸,纤维的断裂特性以及界面层的材料特性和厚度对MMC宏观蠕变响应的影响.     

泥质盐岩单轴蠕变寿命研究

岩石流变力学的研究中，蠕变寿命是一个重要问题.由于长期蠕变试验资料的缺乏，难以估计蠕变破坏时间.该文进行了泥质盐岩单轴全应力 应变压缩试验，并采用陈氏加载法进行了单轴蠕变试验.对蠕变曲线进行了处理，获得了不同应力水平下的蠕变曲线簇，进而得到了等时应力-应变曲线簇.通过拟合分析，建立了等时应力-应变曲线割线模量随时间变化关系模型和等时应力 应变曲线的数学模型.对等时应力 应变曲线与全应力-应变曲线之间的关系进行了分析，获得了蠕变破坏强度和破坏应变分别与蠕变寿命之间的数学表达式.该文研究成果可以估计泥质盐岩的蠕变寿命、长期强度、长期模量、蠕变破坏线和蠕变终止线，对相关岩石流变寿命的估计具有借鉴意义.     

镍基定向结晶合金蠕变损伤的细观模型

针对镍基定向结晶合金的蠕变变形和损伤,本文建立了有限元和自洽两种晶体滑移细观模型。在这两种模型中同时考虑了晶粒滑移损伤和晶界损伤。通过一组镍基单晶合金和一组特殊结晶取向的定向结晶合金标定了模型参数。数值分析结果表明,这两种模型都可以比较准确地描述定向结晶合金的蠕变损伤变形和失效规律,尤其是定向结晶合金蠕变性能的结晶取向相关性。     

电动力学电磁场边值问题的广义变分原理

给出了线性各项异性电磁场边值问题的广义虚功原理表达式,运用钱伟长教授提出的方法建立了该问题的广义变分原理,可直接反映该问题的全部特征,即4个Maxwell方程、2个场强-位势方程、2个本构方程和8个边界条件．继而导出了一族有先决条件的广义变分原理．作为例证,导出了两个退化形式的广义变分原理,和已知的广义变分原理等价．此外还导出了两个修正的广义变分原理,可为该问题提供杂交有限元模型．建立的各广义变分原理可为电磁场边值问题的有限元应用提供更为完善的理论基础．     

一类非线性积分微分方程的整体解

的粘弹性材料和筒壁涂有粘性润滑剂的活塞并联而成的广义非线性Kelvin模型,在力学上代表一些由高分子聚合物构成的粘性材料.关于(1.1)中常数μ及函数p,λ_1的     

武器系统生存能力模型分析

对抗过程中，武器系统的生存概率包括以下的四个方面，即：被发现的可能性、被命中的可能性、易毁性和可修理性。武器系统生存能力的动态描述主要划分为四个阶段：被发现阶段、被命中阶段、被毁伤和修复阶段。本文从这四个阶段给出了对抗过程中武器系统生存能力的动态描述，并分析了各个阶段的计算模型。     

Efficiency decomposition in two-stage data envelopment analysis: An application to non-life insurance companies in Taiwan

The efficiency of decision processes which can be divided into two stages has been measured for the whole process as well as for each stage independently by using the conventional data envelopment analysis (DEA) methodology in order to identify the causes of inefficiency. This paper modifies the conventional DEA model by taking into account the series relationship of the two sub-processes within the whole process. Under this framework, the efficiency of the whole process can be decomposed into the product of the efficiencies of the two sub-processes. In addition to this sound mathematical property, the case of Taiwanese non-life insurance companies shows that some unusual results which have appeared in the independent model do not exist in the relational model. In other words, the relational model developed in this paper is more reliable in measuring the efficiencies and consequently is capable of identifying the causes of inefficiency more accurately. Based on the structure of the model, the idea of efficiency decomposition can be extended to systems composed of multiple stages connected in series.     

碾压混凝土坝施工层面变形分析模型

针对碾压混凝土坝施工层面对大坝变形产生显著影响的问题,深入研究了施工层面的变化性质及规律,提出了层面不同阶段变形的模拟方法,建立了施工层面有厚度和无厚度分析模型,提出的模型能反映层面的弹性变形、衰减蠕变、不可逆变形以及加速蠕变等变形状态．实例分析表明:所提出的碾压混凝土坝施工层面有厚度和无厚度分析模型能较客观地模拟大坝的结构变化形态,尤其是施工层面有厚度分析模型较完整地模拟了层面的渐变规律,其计算结果与原位监测成果吻合较好．同时,提出的方法和建立的分析模型可推广应用于常规混凝土坝,特别是坝基内断层和夹层等变形规律的分析．     

非局部Kelvin粘弹性直杆受轴向拉力作用的应变分析

在Kelvin粘弹性体模型中引入非局晨应力应变关系,得到了粘弹性体的非局部本构方程,研究了符合该种本构关系的直杆受到轴向拉力作用的应变响应问题．首先通过变换将应变响应的求解问题转化为Volterra积分方程形式,然后采用对称的指数型核函数,利用Neumann级数展开求解了Volterra积分方程,得到了直杆的应变场．数值算例的计算结果显示了直杆受轴向拉力作用后的蠕变过程,当时间趋近无穷大时,计算结果则退化为非局部弹性计算结果．     

引入时间变量的数据包络分析模型

考虑到实际中的生产过程大多数都是多阶段的生产过程,而传统的数据包络分析模型只能对单阶段的生产过程进行评价.传统的数据包络分析模型在应用中的局限性很大.本文是在传统数据包络分析模型的基础上,通过引入离散的时间变量来建立对整个多阶段生产过程进行评价的数据包络分析模型.     

Creep of Heat-Resistant Composites of an Oxide-Fiber/Ni-Matrix Family

A creep model of a composite with a creeping matrix and initially continuous elastic brittle fibers is developed. The model accounts for the fiber fragmentation in the stage of unsteady creep of the composite, which ends with a steady-state creep, where a minimum possible average length of the fiber is achieved. The model makes it possible to analyze the creep rate of the composite in relation to such parameters of its structure as the statistic characteristics of the fiber strength, the creep characteristics of the matrix, and the strength of the fiber-matrix interface, the latter being of fundamental importance. A comparison between the calculation results and the experimental ones obtained on composites with a Ni-matrix and monocrystalline and eutectic oxide fibers as well as on sapphire fiber/TiAl-matrix composites shows that the model is applicable to the computer simulation of the creep behavior of heat-resistant composites and to the optimization of the structure of such composites. By combining the experimental data with calculation results, it is possible to evaluate the heat resistance of composites and the potential of oxide-fiber/Ni-matrix composites. The composite specimens obtained and tested to date reveal their high creep resistance up to a temperature of 1150°C. The maximum operating temperature of the composites can be considerably raised by strengthening the fiber-matrix interface.     

Anisotropic creep modeling based on elastic projection operators

The paper presents a unified approach for creep modeling of anisotropic materials, and is specified in more detail to the cases of isotropy, cubic symmetry and transversal isotropy. Thereby an additive decomposition of the elastic and inelastic strain tensors into dilational and isochoric Kelvin modes is assumed. Each of these modes is obtained from fourth order projection operators, resulting from solution of the eigenvalue problem for the fourth order anisotropic elasticity tensor. For simplicity the amount of strain rate for each mode is determined with a Norton type ansatz in terms of an equivalent stress, and the experimental phenomenon of primary creep is taken into account by a back stress tensor of Armstrong‐Frederick type, which is also decompose into Kelvin modes. Two numerical creep simulations investigate the crystal orientation for a compact tension specimen made out of CMSX‐4 superalloy.     

Network DEA: Additive efficiency decomposition

In conventional DEA analysis, DMUs are generally treated as a black-box in the sense that internal structures are ignored, and the performance of a DMU is assumed to be a function of a set of chosen inputs and outputs. A significant body of work has been directed at problem settings where the DMU is characterized by a multistage process; supply chains and many manufacturing processes take this form. Recent DEA literature on serial processes has tended to concentrate on closed systems, that is, where the outputs from one stage become the inputs to the next stage, and where no other inputs enter the process at any intermediate stage. The current paper examines the more general problem of an open multistage process. Here, some outputs from a given stage may leave the system while others become inputs to the next stage. As well, new inputs can enter at any stage. We then extend the methodology to examine general network structures. We represent the overall efficiency of such a structure as an additive weighted average of the efficiencies of the individual components or stages that make up that structure. The model therefore allows one to evaluate not only the overall performance of the network, but as well represent how that performance decomposes into measures for the individual components of the network. We illustrate the model using two data sets.