环境温度对高压储氢罐泄漏扩散影响的数值模拟

基于FLUENT软件的物种传输与反应模块建立了高压储氢罐泄漏扩散的模型,提出了研究高压储氢罐泄漏扩散的数值模拟方法.考虑到不同地区和季度温差较大,对不同环境温度下高压储氢罐发生泄漏扩散进行数值模拟.模拟结果表明:随着环境温度的升高,氢气泄漏后扩散的速度逐渐增大,但从数值上看相差较小;在不同环境温度下,泄漏口处射流速度基本相同.     

机匣仿生顶室对压气机间隙流动影响研究

动叶叶顶产生的间隙泄漏流对压气机的效率和稳定性产生明显影响。为了减小泄漏流对流道内部流场结构的影响,本文基于蜻蜓翅翼的翅室和褶皱结构,在跨声速压气机叶栅的机匣上布置仿生顶室结构。采用数值模拟方法,研究不同高度的仿生顶室结构对间隙泄漏量和流动损失的影响。结果表明:流体流经仿生顶室时,顶室内部存在明显的驻留涡,抑制泄漏涡沿节距方向的发展,减小间隙的泄漏流量和流动损失;在间隙高度为2 mm情况下,仿生顶室对泄漏量和流动损失的控制效果最为明显,最佳方案能够使总压损失系数下降1.2%,间隙泄漏量降低1%。     

基于菲涅耳透镜开放光路天然气泄漏检测系统设计研究

天然气泄漏直接导致能源浪费和环境污染,造成重大经济损失。以可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱技术为基础的光学检测方法具有精度高、选择性强、响应速度快以及远距离遥测等优点,使其成为天然气站场以及天然气输运管道在线监测的理想方法。可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱与谐波探测相结合,设计了一套开放式长光程的用于天然气泄漏监测的实验系统。它以中心波长为1.65 μm的分布式反馈InGaAS激光器为光源,利用实心角反射器,在发射端以菲涅耳透镜为光学接收系统,把反射回来的光聚焦到InGaAs探测器。同时,在测量过程中,考虑到光强变化对浓度的影响,并通过归一化光强的方法进行消除,使光强波动引起的误差小于1%。在320 m的光程下模拟管道泄漏实验,系统的检测灵敏度为0.1(10-6体积比),根据光学系统收光效率以及探测器的可探测性能进行分析的最小光强,计算得到该系统可探测的光程可达2 000 m,证明完全满足天然气泄漏检测的需求。     

凹槽叶顶非定常间隙泄漏流动和传热的数值研究

应用数值方法研究了燃气透平中凹槽状叶顶非定常泄漏流动和传热问题.计算采用GE-E3发动机高压透平第一级动叶,叶顶间隙高度取1%叶高,叶顶凹槽深度取2%叶高.通过施加非定常边界条件模拟上游静叶尾迹,分析了非定常流动对动叶叶顶传热的影响.结果表明,叶顶附近的流场波动主要出现在叶顶前部及尾缘附近.叶顶凹槽底部传热系数变化主要出现在凹槽前部.定常计算获得的叶顶面积平均传热系数与非定常计算的时均结果相差很小.     

输气管道声波法泄漏检测技术的理论与实验研究

为探究输气管道声波法泄漏检测技术的基本原理和研究方法,建立了输气管道泄漏仿真模型和实验模型。首先,研究输气管道发生泄漏时声波产生机理,从而明确声波法泄漏检测技术的工作原理;其次根据声波法泄漏检测的原理建立Fluent仿真模型,通过CFD软件模拟输气管道泄漏得到流场和声场,得到声波信号特征;再次根据声波法泄漏检测的原理搭建实验管道,设计完成声波信号数据采集终端,并在仿真结果指导下完成输气管道泄漏检测实验,采集得到实验数据并进行分析,得到泄漏时声波信号特征并对仿真结果进行验证;最后对比多工况条件下的实验结果和仿真结果,分析不同工况条件对压力波动值的影响规律,从而总结输气管道声波法泄漏检测的仿真与实验研究方法,为声波法泄漏检测的实际工程应用提供理论基础。研究结果表明:输气管道泄漏产生的声波来源于泄漏时气体不稳定流动产生的偶极子声源和四极子声源;仿真模拟和实验研究的方法都可以完成声波法泄漏检测技术的研究,可以对声波法泄漏检测技术的推广和工程应用提供强大的理论支持和可行性保证。结论是:声波法泄漏检测技术可以很好的检测输气管道泄漏,是一种灵敏度高,检测时间短,值得推广的方法。     

激光推进的初步数值模拟研究

激光与等离子体相互作用研究的一个重要应用背景是激光推进,本文采用二维数值模拟方案,对激光推进所涉及的激光维持等离子体的特性进行了一些初步研究。研究中考虑了工质对激光能量的吸收与辐射热损失,以及吸收室形状对激光维持等离子体特性的影响。模拟结果有助于了解激光推进中激光维持等离子体产生的物理机制及有关的复杂流动与传热现象。     

TA15钛合金激光沉积温度场数值模拟与检测

在综合考虑热源模型、对流辐射换热、相变潜热、材料非线性因素对激光沉积修复温度场影响前提下,建立了激光沉积修复的数学模型,采用有限元参数化设计语言（APDL）对多道多层激光沉积修复温度场进行了数值模拟。研究了激光沉积修复瞬时温度场及其中心高度上节点温度随时间变化情况,分析了修复件中心高度上温度梯度分布情况。搭建了激光沉积修复温度测量系统,对修复时表面温度进行了测量,并与模拟温度进行了比较,两者吻合较好。为控制激光沉积修复组织、提高修复质量提供有效手段。     

开放式天然气泄漏甲烷气体检测技术研究

天然气集输站场是天然气输送和储存过程中的枢纽,也是天然气泄漏检测的重点对象。传统的天然气泄漏检测技术响应慢、效率低,难以满足实际所需。可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱技术(TDLAS)以其响应速度快、灵敏度高、无需维护等优点得到广泛应用。使用可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱技术实现了同时对天然气的主要成分甲烷、乙烯、乙炔三种气体实时测量的开放式检测和报警系统。实验结果表明,该系统响应时间小于2s,其甲烷、乙烯、乙炔的测量精度分别小于100ppm-m,40ppm-m,50ppm-m,为石油化工行业中天然气泄漏检测技术提供了新的技术方法。     

无过顶区的激光角度欺骗假目标布设方法研究

针对激光角度欺骗干扰中存在过顶区的问题,提出一种无过顶区的假目标布设方法。首先分析单个假目标的过顶区和有效防护区范围,得出消除过顶区至少需要4个假目标,采用假目标有效防护区覆盖其他假目标过顶区的方法,计算假目标的布设方位。研究结果表明,采用4个假目标按照0°,40°,180°,220°方位布设,能够避免过顶区的形成。此方法对于激光角度欺骗假目标的布设具有理论指导意义。     

炉内管道泄漏声检测与定位系统的研究现状

电站锅炉管道泄漏的声检测与定位系统,已经越来越广泛地应用于电站锅炉。该系统主要利用声学技术检测炉内管道的泄漏状态,并利用多传声器定位机理对泄漏点进行定位,有效地减少了由管道泄漏引起的非计划停炉,这对电站锅炉来说意义尤为重要。本文分析了炉内管道泄漏声检测与定位系统的关键技术,介绍了该系统的发展概况及应用现状,并提出了改进方向。     

Laser inhibited diffusion in rhodamine-ethanol solutions

The diffusion of rhodamine-6G dye in ethanol is observed to be inhibited by optical pumping by a cadmium laser. The diffusion process is observed as a function of the solution temperature. The relative difference in diffusion coefficients with and without optical pumping is calculated. The effect is interpreted as being due to a stronger solvent-dye interaction in the first excited singlet state of rhodamine-6G.     

Laser Doppler velocimetry analysis of transitional pipe flow

The objective of this study has been to experimentally analyze the correlation structure of the strong temporal intermittency which characterizes pipe flow close to the transition to turbulence. In doing so transitional pipe flow has been analyzed by Laser Doppler velocimetry and the Reynolds number dependence of the covariance function has been studied. The range which has been analyzed covers the transition to turbulence and moderately developed turbulence (Reynolds number from 1 500 to 5 000). The correlation structure which has been evidenced is generally in agreement with the deterministic, dynamical, interpretation of temporal intermittency which explains the intermittent behavior as a result of a saddle node bifurcation. However, the analysis has evidenced fluctuations even before the onset of turbulence. The structure of these fluctuations is perfectly autoregressive which leads us to conclude that the transition to turbulence can be viewed as a transition from linear randomness to (non-linear) homogeneity. Received 29 March 1999 and Received in final form 6 September 1999     

Coolant choice for the central beryllium pipe of the BESⅢ beam pipe

In order to take away much more heat on the BESⅢ beam pipe to guarantee the normal particle detection,EDM-1(oil No.1 for electric discharge machining),with good thermal and flow properties was selected as the candidate coolant for the central beryllium pipe of the BESⅢ beam pipe.Its cooling character was studied and dynamic corrosion experiment was undertaken to examine its corrosion on beryllium.The experiment results show that EDM-1 would corrode the beryllium 19.9 μm in the depth in 10 years,which is weak and can be neglected.Finite element simulation and experiment research were taken to check the cooling capacity of EDM-1.The results show that EDM-1 can meet the cooling requirement of the central beryllium pipe.Now EDM-1 is being used to cool the central beryllium pipe of the BESⅢ beam pipe.     

Improving sound diffusion in a reverberation tank using a randomly fluctuating surface

Underwater reverberation environments that satisfy the conditions of uniformity and isotropy of the diffuse field can be used to measure the acoustic characteristics of underwater targets. This study combines two practical indicators — the standard deviation of the absolute sound pressure field (to indicate uniformity) and the analysis of the wavenumber spectrum in the spherical harmonics domain (to indicate isotropy) — for an accurate evaluation of the diffusion of the sound field in a reverberation tank. A method is proposed that can improve the narrow-band diffusion of the sound field by employing a randomly fluctuating surface. An acoustic experiment was performed in a reverberation water tank (1.2 m×1 m×0.8 m), where a randomly fluctuating surface was generated by making waves. The experimental results show that as the wave motion contributes effectively to the random reflection of sound rays in all directions, the uniformity and isotropy are improved significantly when the surface is fluctuating randomly. This work helps to ensure accurate measurements of the characteristics of underwater targets in reverberation tanks.     

Site stability and pipe diffusion of hydrogen under localised shear in aluminium

This paper studies the effect of a plastic shear on the tetrahedral vs. octahedral site stability for hydrogen, in aluminium. Based on Density Functional Theory calculations, it is shown that the tetrahedral site remains the most stable site. It transforms into the octahedral site of the local hexagonal compact structure of the intrinsic stacking fault. The imperfect stacking is slightly attractive with respect to a regular lattice site. It is also shown that the shearing process involves a significant decrease of the energetic barrier for hydrogen jumps, at half the value of the Shockley partial Burgers vector, but not in the intrinsic stacking fault. These jumps involve a displacement component perpendicular to the shearing direction which favours an enhancement of hydrogen diffusion along edge dislocation cores (pipe diffusion). The magnitude of the boost in the jump rate in the direction of the dislocation line, according to Transition State Theory and taking into account the zero point energy correction, is of the order of a factor 50, at room temperature. First Passage Time Analysis is used to evaluate the effect on diffusion which is significant, by only at the nanoscale. Indeed, the common dislocation densities are too small for these effects (trapping, or pipe diffusion) to have a signature at the macroscopic level. The observed drop of the effective diffusion coefficient could therefore be attributed to the production of debris during plastic straining, as proposed in the literature.     

Laser detection of optical signals

A scheme is proposed for detecting optical signals in which electrons bound in atoms, molecules, or ions are used as a sensitive element rather than free electrons, as in conventional detectors (photoelements, photomultipliers, etc.). It is shown that such a scheme has a high sensitivity and a reduced shot-noise level.     

Laser spark ignition of a jet diffusion flame

In this work we report preliminary results on the laser ignition of a jet diffusion flame with jet flow rates ranging from 35 (Re=1086) to 103 cm³/s (Re=3197). The laser spark energy of about 4 mJ was used for all the tests. The relative amounts of fuel and air concentrations at the laser focus have been estimated using a variant of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. The ignition and the flame blow out times were measured using the time-resolved OH emission. Ignition times in the range from 3 to about 10 ms were observed depending on the experimental conditions and they increased towards the rich as well as the lean sides. The early time and late-time OH emissions indicate that chemical reactions during the initial stage of the blast wave expansion are not immediately responsible for the ignition. The ultimate fate of an ignition depends on the reactions at later times which determines whether the gas could undergo a transition from hot plasma to a propagating flame.     

Efficacy of magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging and three-dimensional fiber tractography in the detection of clinical manifestations of central nervous system lupus

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease frequently associated with neuropsychiatric manifestations. No follow-up case report has characterized white matter alterations in patients with neuropsychiatric lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) before and after treatment. In this study, a 16-year-old NPSLE patient with severe neuropsychological symptoms was treated with steroid pulse therapy, and was scanned with conventional magnetic resonance (MR) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) at onset and 17 months after treatment. Conventional MR images showed diffuse brain atrophy and focal vasogenic edema in the putamen, but they did not reveal abnormalities in the corpus callosum. Region-of-interest analysis of DTI images showed that fractional anisotropy and fiber tracts increased significantly, while axial diffusivity, radial, and mean diffusivity decreased significantly in the corpus callosum after treatment. The results indicated that the vasogenic edema was present in the corpus callosum at onset and was significantly reduced after treatment. These changes were generally compatible with the patient’s clinical manifestations. Hence, we concluded that MR-DTI and fiber tractography are helpful to reveal the relationship between white matter alterations and neurological dysfunctions in NPSLE patients.