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1.
Excited-state dynamics of 2-methyl furan has been studied by femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron imaging. The molecule 2-methyl furan was simultaneously excited to the n=3 Rydberg series of S1[1A\"(π3s)], 1A'(π3px), 1A\"(π3py) and 1A\"(π3pz) and the valence state of 1A'(ππ*) by two 400 nm photons and subsequently probed by two 800 nm photons. The average lifetime of the Rydberg series and the valence state was measured to be on the time scale of 50 fs by the time-dependent ion yield of the parent ion. Ultrafast internal conversions among these excited states were observed and extracted from the time-dependences of the photoelectron kinetic energy components of these excited states in the photoelectron kinetic energy spectra. Furthermore, it is identified that the 1A'(ππ*) state might play an important role in internal conversions among these excited states. The Rydberg-valence mixings, which result in numerous conical intersections, act as the driving force to accomplish such ultrafast internal conversions.  相似文献   

2.
利用飞秒泵浦-探测技术结合飞行时间质谱(TOF-MS),研究了丙烯酸分子被200nm泵浦光激发到第二电子激发态(S2)后的超快预解离动力学.采集了母体离子和碎片离子的时间分辨质谱信号,并利用动力学方程对时间分辨离子质谱信号进行拟合和分析,揭示了预解离通道的存在.布居在S2激发态的分子通过快速的内转换弛豫到第一电子激发态(S1),时间常数为210fs,随后再经内转换从S1态弛豫到基态(S0)的高振动态,时间常数为1.49ps.分子最终在基态高振动态势能面上发生C-C键和C-O键的断裂,分别解离生成H2C=CH和HOCO、H2C=CHCO和OH中性碎片,对应的预解离时间常数分别约为4和3ps.碎片离子的产生有两个途径,分别来自于母体离子的解离和基态高振动态势能面上中性碎片的电离.  相似文献   

3.
利用时间分辨的飞秒光电子影像技术结合时间分辨的质谱技术, 研究了2-氯吡啶分子激发态的超快过程. 实时观察到了2-氯吡啶分子第二激发态(S2)向第一激发态(S1)高振动能级的的超快内转换过程,该内转换的时间常数为(162±5)fs. 实验结果表明, 通过S2/S0的锥形交叉衰减到基态的衰减通道也是退布居的重要通道, 其时间尺度为(5.5±0.3) ps.  相似文献   

4.
用微扰密度矩阵和瞬态线性极化率理论,模拟了四特丁基酞菁(BuPc)和四苯基卟啉(TPP)分子的飞秒荧光亏蚀谱.初步定量地确定了它们的Huang-Rhys因子.振动弛豫和电子激发态溶剂化的速率常数.飞秒荧光亏蚀谱在零延时附近的尖峰.归结为S2→S1的内转换所造成的后果.通过对光谱的模拟,比较可靠地确定了内转换速率常数。  相似文献   

5.
采用微扰密度矩阵和瞬态线性极化率理论,自编计算机程序,模拟了液相LDS698染料分子第一激发电于态S1的飞秒受激辐射荧光亏蚀谱,初步定量地确定了该分子S1态的超快振动弛豫速率以及S1与S0态间的Huang-Rhys因子,通过理论分析确认,测量的受激辐射荧光亏蚀谱,前面一段快速增加的信号主要反映了S1态的超快振动弛豫过程,后一段慢增加的信号主要反映了激发态的溶剂化过程.  相似文献   

6.
超快多维振动光谱技术目前已经被广泛应用到各种凝聚态分子体系中分子的结构以及快速变化动力学过程的测量之中,并有望成为新一代解析分子体系微观结构及超快行为的常规手段。本文从两个主线出发,介绍如何利用超快多维振动光谱技术解析分子体系的三维空间构型。一方面通过测量分子内各个振动模式跃迁偶极矩间的夹角来获得分子体系内不同基团的相对空间取向,并最终确定分子的空间构型。另一方面,通过详细解析分子间振动能量转移的机理,进而将实验中测得的振动能量转移速率转化为分子之间的距离信息。  相似文献   

7.
利用飞秒时间分辨的光电子影像技术结合时间分辨的质谱技术,研究了3-甲基吡啶分子激发态的超快过程. 实时观察到了3-甲基吡啶分子S2态向S1态高振动能级的超快内转换过程,该内转换的时间大约为910fs. 二次布居的S1态主要通过内转换衰减到基态S0,该内转换的时间尺度为2.77 ps. 光电子能谱分布和光电子角分布显示,S2态和S1态在电离的过程中跟3p里德堡态发生偶然共振. 本次实验中还用400 nm两个光子吸收的方法布居了3-甲基吡啶的3s 里德堡态. 研究表明,3s 里德堡态的寿命为62 fs,并主要通过内转换快速衰减到基态.  相似文献   

8.
利用飞秒时间分辨的光电子影像技术结合时间分辨的质谱技术,研究了3-甲基吡啶分子激发态的超快过程.实时观察到了3-甲基吡啶分子S2态向S1态高振动能级的超快内转换过程,该内转换的时间大约为910fs.二次布居的S1态主要通过内转换衰减到基态S0,该内转换的时间尺度为2.77 ps.光电子能谱分布和光电子角分布显示,S2态和S1态在电离的过程中跟3p里德堡态发生偶然共振.本次实验中还用400 nm两个光子吸收的方法布居了3-甲基吡啶的3s里德堡态.研究表明,3s里德堡态的寿命为62 fs,并主要通过内转换快速衰减到基态.  相似文献   

9.
本文结合玻尔兹曼输运方程和电声散射速率计算研究锐钛矿和金红石二氧化钛中光生载流子的超快动力学过程. 其中,动力学模拟所需的结构参数均通过第一性原理计算获得. 结果表明,由于存在强Fröhlich型电声耦合,纵光学声子模对两个晶相的能量弛豫过程均有十分显著的影响,但是两个晶相的弛豫机理却表现出明显的差异. 对于单条导带内的弛豫过程,锐钛矿和金红石的能量弛豫时间分别为24.0 fs和11.8 fs,前者约为后者的二倍. 这一差异来源于两个晶相中不同的电子扩散分布以及不同的声学模散射贡献. 对于涉及多条导带的弛豫过程,预测的锐钛矿和金红石的总体弛豫时间分别为47 fs和57 fs,其相对大小与单条导带的情况相反. 分析表明金红石相弛豫较慢是因为存在多个速率控制步骤. 这些发现为调控电子动力学以及设计高效的二氧化钛器件提供了有价值的信息.  相似文献   

10.
系统研究了含有不同杂原子的共轭单元(联呋喃、联噻吩及联硒酚)的三种有机染料C210、C214和C216的超快发光动力学,双己氧基取代的三苯胺作为电子给体,氰基丙烯酸作为电子受体。详细考察了三种染料分别在不同媒介中的激发态动力学:四氢呋喃及甲苯溶液、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯及聚苯乙烯聚合物薄膜、氧化铝及二氧化钛薄膜表面。发现在以上介质中都普遍存在动态斯托克斯位移现象,表明发生了非平衡激发态的分子内多步弛豫过程。由于扭转弛豫和电子注入过程之间的竞争作用,非平衡激发态的电子注入产率比平衡激发态的低得多。此外,由于激发态能量弛豫导致的能量损失,电子注入时间常数变化超过了一个数量级,这在未来的染料设计及器件发展中应进行控制。三种染料在平衡激发态处的电子注入效率相近,由于C210和C216加快的电子注入速率补足了它们较C214小的平衡激发态寿命。  相似文献   

11.
In a previous paper [M. Schade, P. Hamm, Vibrational energy transport in the presence of intrasite vibrational energy redistribution, J. Chem. Phys. 131 (2009) 044511], it has been shown that on ultrashort length and time scales, the speed of vibrational energy transport along a molecular chain is limited by intrasite vibrational relaxation rather than the actual intersite propagation. However, since intrasite vibrational relaxation is length independent, the intersite propagation rate is expected to become rate-limiting at some length scale, where propagation approaches the bulk limit. In the present paper, we investigate the transition between both regimes. The response of different types of modes may be very different at early times, depending on how much they contribute directly to energy transport. Surprisingly though, when averaging the energy content over all vibrational modes of the various chain sites, the complexity of the intrasite vibrational relaxation process is completely hidden so that energy transport on the nanoscale can be described by an effective propagation rate, that equals the bulk value, even at short times.  相似文献   

12.
利用飞秒分辨的激光泵浦-探测技术结合飞行时间质谱和光电子速度成像方法研究了邻二氯苯第一电子单重激发态(S1)的超快动力学.邻二氯苯的S1态振动基态寿命为(651 ± 10) ps,对应于S1振动基态向三重态的系间窜越过程.邻二氯苯S1的高振动激发9a218a2对应两个衰减通道,其中寿命为(458 ± 12) fs的超快过程对应于由处于振动激发的S1向高振动激发的基态(S0)发生的内转换过程,而寿命为(90 ± 10) ps过程则对应由S1态向三重态(T1)的系间窜越过程,电离产生的光电子能谱中长寿命的谱峰可能与系间窜越过程有关. S1态高振动态的旋轨耦合程度比低振动态的更强,导致系间窜越过程更快.  相似文献   

13.
    
Vibrational relaxation dynamics of monomeric water molecule dissolved in d-chloroform solution were revisited using the two dimensional Infrared (2D IR) spectroscopy. The vibrational lifetime of OH bending in monomeric water shows a bi-exponential decay. The fast component (T1=(1.2±0.1) ps) is caused by the rapid population equilibration between the vibrational modes of the monomeric water molecule. The slow component (T2=(26.4±0.2) ps) is mainly caused by the vibrational population decay of OH bending mode. The reorientation of the OH bending in monomeric water is determined with a time constant of τ=(1.2±0.1) ps which is much faster than the rotational dynamics of water molecules in the bulk solution. Furthermore, we are able to reveal the direct vibrational energy transfer from OH stretching to OH bending in monomeric water dissolved in d-chloroform for the first time. The vibrational coupling and relative orientation of transition dipole moment between OH bending and stretching that effect their intra-molecular vibrational energy transfer rates are discussed in detail.  相似文献   

14.
In this paper previous results are compared for two different types of velocity mapping studies which probe vibrational energy disposal following the A-band photodissociation of methyl iodide, CH3I + hv → CH3 (v) + 1(2P3/2), 1*(2P1/2). Full three-dimensional state-specific speed and angular distributions of the nascent fragments have been recorded for the photoelectrons, iodine atoms, and methyl radicals, using state- and mass-selective (2+1) resonance-enhanced multi-photon ionization (REMPI)/time-of-flight spectrometry. Two sources of information on the vibrational energy disposal are available from velocity mapping: (a) the photoelectron images, which give information on the initial stages of vibrational excitation in electronically excited CH3I, and (b) methyl radical images, which indicate the final energy disposal channels. Even though the two signals are believed to probe very different time-scales of the dissociation process, good agreement between the two is found for the vibrational energy disposal trends. Several trends found in the data for methyl iodide photodissociation indicate that readjustment of the ab initio multi-dimensional potential energy surfaces calculated for this molecule appears to be needed.  相似文献   

15.
3-糠醛分子是呋喃分子的一个醛基取代衍生物,其呋喃环上3号位的氢原子被醛基所取代.本文试图利用飞秒时间分辨光电子成像的实验方法研究3-糠醛分子S2(1ππ*)态的超快衰变动力学.在259.5,238.6和218.3 nm的泵浦激发波长下,讨论了两种可能的S2(1ππ*)态衰变机制.具体而言,暂时更倾向于以下机制.一部分S2(1ππ*)态上的波包经历了亚皮秒的弛豫过程布居到了S1(1nπ*)态,随后在大概4 ps时间尺度下发生了由S1(1nπ*)态到T2(3ππ*)态的系间窜越.而T2(3ππ*)态的进一步衰变过程与其振动能量密切相关.对于259.5,238.6和218.3 nm初始激发波长,T2(3ππ*)态的寿命分别为 1.6±0.2 ns,280±30 ps和50±10 ps.  相似文献   

16.
    
3-Furfural(C5H4O2) is a furan(C4H4O) derivative compound formed by replacing the hydrogen (H) atom at the ring 3-position with the aldehyde (CHO) group substituent. In this work, we intend to investigate the ultrafast decay dynamics of electronically excited 3-furfural using the femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron imaging technique. At pump wavelengths of 259.5, 238.6 and 218.3 nm, two alternative decay mechanisms for the S2(1ππ*) state are tentatively proposed and discussed. Specifically, we prefer to suggest that a fraction of the initially prepared wavepacket in the S2(1ππ*) state is likely to undergo the subpicosecond relaxation via the S1(1nπ*) state. Presumably the lower lying T2(3ππ*) state is subsequently populated on a ~4 ps timescale via intersystem crossing from the minimum of the S1(1nπ*) state surface. The relaxation of the T2(3ππ*) state is sensitive to its vibrational excess energy and the value of its lifetime is 1.6±0.2 ns, 280±30 ps and 50±10 ps for pump wavelengths of 259.5, 238.6 and 218.3 nm, respectively.  相似文献   

17.
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