振动对水平管内液氢两相流影响的数值模拟

液氢加注过程中,管路的振动会影响液氢加注的安全性与效率。为了研究低温管路振动对液氢加注过程的影响,从而使得加注过程快速安全进行,建立了液氢管路的三维模型,采用流体体积函数(VOF)耦合水平集(Level-Set)方法,针对不同管路振动频率及振幅条件,模拟并分析了管内液氢两相流的流动及传热特性。研究结果表明,管路振动在频率和振幅较大时增强了液氢与管路之间的换热,使得管内气泡增多;管内的压降随着振幅频率的增加而增大,管路的振动破坏了管内液氢气液两相流的稳定边界,并且促进了气泡的分离与聚合,进而影响了低温输运管路的稳定性。通过数值模拟为液氢的加注提供了理论指导。     

Frenkel-Kontorova模型中基底势振动的影响

基于一维Frenkel-Kontorova模型, 研究了振动的基底势对系统纳米摩擦现象的影响. 分别在相邻原子间的距离与周期势场的周期比为不公度(incommensurate)、可公度(commensurate)两种情形下, 探讨了基底势振动的振幅和频率对滞回现象(hysteresis)、最大静摩擦力以及超滑现象的作用机理. 两种情形下, 固定频率, 随着振幅的增大, 滞回区域的面积以及最大静摩擦力都将减小, 对于不同的频率, 减小的趋势不同. 系统甚至产生了超滑现象. 但当频率过大时, 振幅的改变不会影响滞回区域的面积以及最大静摩擦力的大小, 此时与基底不加振动时的情形一致; 当振幅固定, 随着频率的增大, 滞回区域的面积将增大, 对于不同振幅, 增大的趋势不同. 特别地, 对于某些固定的振幅, 最大静摩擦力随着振动频率的增大先逐步减小直至出现超滑现象, 再进一步增大频率, 最大静摩擦力又转而逐步增大. 这一现象类似于共振, 表明存在最佳的振动频率促进系统内所有原子的共同运动, 使得整个系统的最大静摩擦力几乎消失. 另外, 两种情形的区别是, 对于某些固定的频率(如ω= 0.5)和不同的小振幅, 不可公度情形往往具有相同的平均终止速度, 而可公度情形则不同, 表明相同前提下后者具有更复杂的动力学行为. 关键词： Frenkel-Kontorova模型 滞回 最大静摩擦力 超润滑     

巴西果效应分离过程的计算颗粒力学模拟研究

采用离散单元模型对巴西果问题进行了模拟研究,采用本数学模型可以准确地预测出垂直机械振动导致的不同大小颗粒的分离现象.分析了影响振动床内颗粒分层的因素,讨论了振动频率、振动幅度等参数对分层的影响,发现振动频率和振动幅度会对分离效果造成较大的影响.当振动频率或振动幅度较小时,颗粒整体分离效果都较差,但分离的稳定性较好,当振动频率或振动幅度较大时,整体分离效果仍然较差,同时分离的稳定性也较差,振动分离过程中存在一个频率和振幅适中的最优操作点. 关键词： 分层 振动 模式形成 离散单元方法     

大攻角翼型的锁频现象及气弹稳定性研究

翼型大攻角下涡激振动的锁频问题给飞行安全带来潜在的安全隐患。本文采用非定常雷诺时均N-S方程模拟了翼型在大攻角下的强制扭转振动,对翼型在40°攻角下的锁频振动现象进行研究。基于非定常数值模拟的结果,获得翼型表面振动周期气动功均值判断翼型的气动弹性稳定性。计算结果表明：扭转振动的锁频区间呈“V”形,锁频区间内振动频率较小侧气动功显著增加,涡激振动现象发生,而振幅的增大延迟了上仰过程尾缘涡的脱落,会使得其上表面尾缘附近气动功降低,使振动趋于稳定;相空间重构及递归图可以捕捉到非线性动力学系统锁频及非锁频下的状态差异。     

全光纤激光多普勒测振仪空气耦合振动检测

采用外差探测方式, 建立了全光纤结构的激光多普勒测振仪,用来测量经空气传播耦合引起的散射体振动,以期感知振源振动信息。实验探索了散射体材料、固定方式和相对振源位置等对空气耦合振动的影响,得到了200~2700 Hz频率范围内6种散射体振动响应特性曲线。结果表明:通过空气耦合引起的散射体振动,在相同振源振幅下,散射体振动的振幅一般随频率升高而升高; 在材料、固定方式和相对振源位置等因素中,散射体材料对振动响应特性的影响是主要的,后两者只影响局部细节。     

基于VLES模型的振动圆柱数值模拟

本文将一种VLES(Very Large Eddy Simulation)模型引入到动网格数值计算中,并验证了VLES模型用于模拟类似振动圆柱绕流的动边界问题的有效性.数值求解了不同振幅和频率下非稳态振动圆柱绕流问题.研究表明:随着振幅和激励频率的增加,绕圆柱流动涡脱离形式从2S模式转换到2P0模式,再到P+S模式.在...     

侧壁振动所产生的表面波

侧壁振动所产生的小振幅表面波的理论问题是一个求解具有混合边界条件的Laplace方程的问题.我们在引入一新的变量后,将它化为一Dirichlet问题,及使用复变函数方法求解,得到计算表面波复速势的普遍式.使用它得到了侧壁的三种典型振动的复速度、自由面的鉛直位移,无限远的波幅及辐射功率等.在实验中,装置了两种测量表面波的设备,证明了小振幅波的理论结果并观测了大振幅表面波的一些现象.发现在壁的恒定振幅下,侧壁振动频率有一临界值,超过它表面波的频率成为侧壁振动频率的一半,我们称这种波为半频波.关于半频波还需要可靠的理论解释.     

采用DDS的近场扫描光学显微镜探针-样品的纳米距离检测

近场扫描光学显微术中, 近场距离的检测和控制是需要解决的核心技术之一. 本文研究了基于DDS驱动的压电传感器, 在一个压电陶瓷片上, 电极被分成相同的两部分, 分别用于振动驱动和振幅检测. 近场扫描的光纤探针固定于此压电陶瓷片上. 振动驱动信号采用DDS, 在样品的远场时, 可以通过频率扫描得到误差在0.006 Hz以内的压电陶瓷片谐振频率驱动信号, 而当光纤探针处于样品的近场距离之内时, 压电陶瓷片的谐振频率偏离驱动信号频率, 振幅明显减小, 从而检测出近场距离. 高精度振动驱动源DDS和高灵敏度压电传感器的采用提高了检测灵敏度和工作稳定性.     

垂直振动床中的能量传递与耗散

本文采用数值方法分析了一维垂直振动床内颗粒动能/温度、能量耗散以及体积分数的分布规律.离散元模拟结果表明:当床底做低频、小振幅振动时,床层内颗粒整体随床底上下运动,沿床高方向颗粒动能逐渐增加;对于高频振动,床层内的颗粒做无规则的运动,沿床高方向颗粒动能逐渐降低.在不同振动频率(高频、低频)下体积分数、能量耗散也表现出不同的分布规律.将离散元模拟结果与动力学理论计算值对比,当系统做高频振动时,两模型所得结果基本吻合;而对于低频、小振幅振动,所得结果存在较大差异.由于低频、小振幅振动时床内颗粒并非做无规则运动,动力学理论的适用性需进一步完善.     

壁面局部振动的二维管可压缩流动分析

本文通过求解二维雷诺时均Navier-Stokes方程,对壁面局部振动的二维管内流场进行可压缩流体的数值模拟,分析振动频率、振幅及相位对流场的影响。研究表明:振动频率上升,可使静压变化区域缩小,同时静压变化幅度增加;振幅变化不影响静压变化范围,仅作用于静压变化幅度;振动相位变化,局部振动壁面向管内输入能量,生成交替的高低压圈。此研究结果为进一步模拟燃气轮机叶片振动对气膜冷却的影响提供参考。     

A molecular dynamics simulation of segregation behaviours of horizontally vibrated binary granular mixture

This paper performs the two-dimensional, soft-sphere molecular dynamics simulations to study the granular segregation in a binary granular mixture with the same size but different density in the container with the sawtooth base under horizontal vibration. The segregation phase diagram is presented in the acceleration-frequency space. When the acceleration is high enough to result in relative motions of the particles, the system can be in various states (mixed state, vertical and horizontal segregation state), which depend on both acceleration and frequency. Due to the sawtooth base there is stratified flow effect besides density effect. The density effect raises the light particles. The stratified flow drives the particles in the upper levels to the right and the particles in the lower particles to the left, those fact results in the appearance of the left segregation state. The left segregation state can be changed to the right segregation by changing the shape of the sawtooth. As the vibration frequency increases, the stratified flow effect becomes weaker and weaker, so at high vibration frequencies the vertical segregation state appears instead of the left segregation state.     

Horizontal segregation of mono-layer granules coordinated by vertical motion

We experimentally investigate the segregation of a binary mixture of spherical beads confined between two horizontal vertically vibrating plates. The two kinds of beads are of equal diameter and mass but have different restitution coefficients. Segregation occurs in particular ranges of vibration amplitude and frequency. We find that the collisions between beads at an angle to the horizontal plane induce an effective horizontal repulsive force. When one or both bead types bounce up and down in synchronization, the effective repulsive force between the two types of beads is likely to be larger than that found within a single bead type, resulting in the mixture segregating. Non-horizontal collisions also play a role in stabilizing the segregation state by transferring the horizontal kinetic energy back into vertical motion.     

静电波对磁化等离子体的共振加热的理论及数值模拟研究

利用多标度展开得到了更一般的静电波与磁化等离子体回旋运动间的共振条件；通过数值模拟证实了理论分析，发现分数频率同样可以产生共振加热；发现加热效果即使对于相同频率的波，也不是随驱动波的振幅单调增强，而是存在一些优势振幅，即在特定频率特定振幅下有特别好的加热效果. 关键词： 等离子体 共振加热 非线性动力学     

滚筒内非等粒径二元颗粒体系增混机理研究

提出了在圆形滚筒内设置十字形内构件的增混方式,并采用离散单元方法对设置不同大小内构件的滚筒内非等粒径二元颗粒体系的混合进行了数值模拟试验.通过模拟结果重点分析了内构件对混合的影响,讨论了内构件的尺寸对混合效果的作用,分析和探讨了滚筒内构件对二元颗粒体系的增混机理.研究发现,当滚筒内无内构件时,对流、扩散和离析三种作用机制对颗粒体系的混合和分离都起到了重要作用;当滚筒内含内构件时,颗粒的混合则只受到颗粒对流和扩散机制的作用,而颗粒的离析效应得到了很大程度的抑制.十字形内构件很大程度上会破坏滚筒内的自由表面流,从而使发生在自由表面流中的颗粒分离不能发生,最终可有效地增加颗粒之间的混合.对于采用在滚筒内设置十字形内构件的方式来增加颗粒间的混合,存在一个最优的内构件尺寸,内构件过小或过大都不利于颗粒间的混合. 关键词： 分离 混合 离散单元法     

Dynamics of polarization reversal in thin PZT films

New experimental data on the dynamics of polarization reversal in thin PZT films prepared by rf sputtering are reported. The frequency and amplitude dependences of the hysteresis loop area and coercive field are investigated. It is shown that, at infralow frequencies, there exists a critical frequency at which the shape of the hysteresis loop changes stepwise. Theoretical analysis of the related problems is given.     

Granular species segregation under vertical tapping: effects of size, density, friction, and shaking amplitude

We present extensive molecular dynamics simulations on species segregation in a granular mixture subject to vertical taps. We discuss how grain properties, e.g., size, density, friction, as well as shaking properties, e.g., amplitude and frequency, affect such a phenomenon. Both the Brazil nut effect (larger particles on the top, BN) and the reverse Brazil nut effect (larger particles on the bottom, RBN) are found and we derive the system comprehensive "segregation diagram" and the BN to RBN crossover line. We also discuss the role of friction and show that particles which differ only for their frictional properties segregate in states depending on the tapping acceleration and frequency.     

Sudden chain energy transfer events in vibrated granular media

In a mixture of two species of grains of equal size but different mass, placed in a vertically vibrated shallow box, there is spontaneous segregation. Once the system is at least partly segregated and clusters of the heavy particles have formed, there are sudden peaks of the horizontal kinetic energy of the heavy particles, that is otherwise small. Together with the energy peaks the clusters rapidly expand and the segregation is partially lost. The process repeats once segregation has taken place again, either randomly or with some regularity in time depending on the experimental or numerical parameters. An explanation for these events is provided based on the existence of a fixed point for an isolated particle bouncing with only vertical motion. The horizontal energy peaks occur when the energy stored in the vertical motion is partly transferred into horizontal energy through a chain reaction of collisions between heavy particles.     

Wave convection regimes in a binary mixture in a modulated gravitational field

Nonlinear wave convection regimes are studied in a horizontal layer of an incompressible binary mixture with anomalous thermal diffusion in the gravitational field modulated with an arbitrary amplitude and finite frequency. Oscillation regimes are numerically simulated by the finite difference method for the case of a layer with impenetrable rigid boundaries, which better corresponds to experimental laboratory conditions. A qualitative difference is found in the dynamics of nonlinear quasi-periodic and subharmonic oscillations appearing in the initially stratified mixture and behaving as modulated and regular standing waves. The dependences of the intensity of convective flows on the modulation amplitude are obtained. The results of nonlinear calculations are compared with data on the boundaries of the equilibrium stability found from the linear theory. It is shown that a region of parameters exists where alternating action suppresses the convective motion.     

Granular phase transition as a precondition for segregation

Experimental results are presented on the segregation of a mixture of spheres with two different sizes, rolling on a circularly vibrating table. Beyond a critical density of particles a demixing occurs leading to a clustering of the larger ones. A monodisperse layer of spheres shows a liquid-solid-like phase transition at a slightly lower critical density. These critical particle densities are both found to be independent of the driving frequency, but decrease with increasing vibration amplitude.