Mean-shift跟踪算法及其在光电跟踪系统中的应用

针对光电跟踪系统中实时提取运动目标脱靶量的应用需求,设计了一种基于灰度直方图的Mean-shift 图像跟踪算法,对算法中目标模型与候选模型的建立进行了改进,抑制了背景像素对目标跟踪产生的影响。算法在系统上位机Visual C+ + 6.0平台上实现,当光电跟踪系统捕获到运动目标后,利用Mean-shift图像跟踪算法跟踪运动目标,并实时将运动目标脱靶量作为伺服控制系统的输入信号,驱动跟踪器跟踪目标。实验结果表明：设计的算法可以实时、准确、有效地跟踪运动目标,使稳定后的脱靶量换算得到的角偏差量控制在30"之内。     

复杂背景下相关跟踪算法的研究

针对传统跟踪算法（如邻域法、传统的相关跟踪算法）只能跟踪海上或空中目标，不能跟踪复杂背景下目标的问题，提出了一种稳定快速跟踪复杂背景下目标的算法。该算法在传统相关跟踪算法的基础上进行改进，相关处理之前采用边缘检测、阈值分割等方法去除复杂背景，提取出具有特征的目标信息。在跟踪过程中，根据匹配的效果自动对模板进行刷新。给出了算法实现的硬件组成和程序流程图。实验证明对于传统算法无法稳定跟踪的目标，改进后的算法能够实现稳定跟踪。     

光电跟踪目标的强跟踪滤波算法及其仿真研究

针对光电武器对机动目标跟踪精度较差的问题,在"当前"统计模型的基础上,形成了机动目标"当前"统计模型下强跟踪滤波算法。该算法通过引入强跟踪滤波器的渐消因子,实时调节滤波器增益,增强了系统对突发机动目标的跟踪能力,同时保留了"当前"统计模型跟踪算法对一般机动目标跟踪精度高的特点。仿真结果表明,该算法对机动目标具有较好的跟踪精度和适中的计算复杂度,是一种较好的光电跟踪算法。     

Lidar utilisation for industrial stack plume automatic tracking

Summary The use of a lidar system for the automatic control of industrial emission of particulates is analysed. The problems involved in tracking a stack plume include the detection of the plume centre and propagation direction, as well as the management of the information already available in order to advance the track automatically. A computer simulation has been realized in order to refine and test a tracking algorithm, and some results are included here. A strong dependence of the tracking performances on the lidar placement has been pointed out by the simulation results.     

月球目标的探测与跟踪技术研究

研究了月球目标探测成像及自动跟踪系统。利用CCD图像传感器、图像处理技术以及图像跟踪算法可以取代对月球的手动跟踪,无需预知月球的运动轨道,在自动跟踪的同时记录月球影像,便于对月球表面数据的记录和处理,并能进行实时图像处理,利于对月球图像的分析,为月球探测跟踪做了一次有益的新方法尝试。     

基于高斯混合概率假设滤波的水下目标跟踪算法

为了解决传统水下目标跟踪中目标数目估计不准确、状态估计误差增长过快的问题,提出了一种基于高斯混合概率假设滤波的水下目标跟踪算法。该算法基于双基地观测模型,采用高斯混合概率假设滤波算法处理方位和时延信息,利用粒子群算法处理多普勒频率获得矢量速度,进一步提升算法的跟踪精度。结果表明,该算法能完成在杂波环境下对目标的跟踪,相比传统的关联算法,能够有效地实现目标个数估计和抑制状态误差增长的目的。     

基于模糊技术的非线性系统目标跟踪融合算法

提出了一种基于模糊技术的非线性系统中多传感器目标跟踪融合算法.在基于卡尔曼滤波器的分布式融合算法中,利用模糊技术中的决策距离思想,对实时跟踪目标的多传感器进行动态分组,以获得在非线性系统中目标跟踪的最佳融合数据精度.仿真结果证明,该算法是一种有效的分布式融合算法.     

基于颜色和空间信息的多特征融合目标跟踪算法

为解决单一特征目标跟踪鲁棒性较差的问题,提出一种基于颜色和空间信息的多特征融合目标跟踪算法。采用一种自适应划分颜色区间的方法提取目标颜色特征,利用空间直方图提取目标颜色的空间分布信息。在粒子滤波框架下将自适应颜色直方图和空间直方图相结合,在特征融合中引入特征不确定性度量方法,自适应调整不同特征对跟踪结果的贡献,提高算法的鲁棒性。仿真实验结果表明,该跟踪算法平均位置最小误差值仅6.967 像素,而单一特征跟踪算法以及传统融合算法的跟踪误差达192.576 像素和199.464像素。说明本文算法在跟踪准确性上优于单一特征跟踪算法及传统融合算法,具有更好的跟踪精度和更高的鲁棒性。     

基于补偿控制的无人地面车辆轨迹跟踪方法

针对无人地面车辆轨迹跟踪精度不高,鲁棒性差的问题,提出了一种基于补偿控制的算法。该算法分为运动学和动力学两部分：基于方向角调整策略的运动学控制律能确保无人地面车辆有效跟踪参考轨迹;基于PD与模型参考模糊滑模自适应控制相结合控制的动力学控制律能有效补偿建模不精确和外界扰动带来的影响。仿真结果表明：该算法能够有效跟踪参考轨迹,控制量分配合理且鲁棒性较好。     

一种结合ORB特征匹配的均值漂移目标跟踪算法

针对传统的mean-shift跟踪算法基于单一颜色特征空间,在复杂背景下难以对目标进行准确跟踪这问题,提出了一种结合ORB特征匹配的mean-shift目标跟踪算法。该算法在mean-shift算法的基础上利用改进的ORB特征匹配算法修正目标跟踪窗口并实时更新目标特征模板,通过计算前后两帧图像中目标中心的欧式距离与色彩模板的巴氏距离来判定跟踪是否失败,当目标跟踪失败时,不改变目标模板,继续搜索下一帧图像中的目标。实验结果表明,与均值漂移算法和基于其他同类特征的改进算法相比,该算法提高了在复杂背景下目标跟踪的精度,并能满足实时性要求。     

Localisation of moving sources in a multipath propagation environment

A new algorithm is presented for tracking correlated narrow-band sources in the presence of colored Gaussian noise. A fast cumulant-based preprocessing method is used to remove unknown noise and a Kalman filtering is used to track the source parameters. The use of a Kalman filtering avoids the data association problem and improves the tracking performance for crossing tracks. It is applied to the outputs of Newton’s algorithm to track moving sources. In this paper, the algorithm is developed for the special case in which the updated cumulant matrix is obtained by substituting a new matrix of the current data. The rank tracking problem is not considered in this study.We demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm by computer simulations of the tracking of moving targets emitting correlated signals, we also tested the proposed algorithm on the real data recorded during an underwater acoustic experiments.     

Infrared target tracking in multiple feature pseudo-color image with kernel density estimation

Tracking targets in infrared images is a challenging subject due to the low contrast and severe noise. Kernel density estimation (KDE) with robust performance is one of the well-known tracking algorithms. In essence, tracking targets with KDE algorithm is tracking the statistical features of their pixels by the histograms. The universal KDE which can track any features of targets has not been developed. We propose a strategy which does not need to improve on the KDE algorithm itself, but it can make KDE track other features. We first map the features into the pixel intensity and create the feature images. Then these feature images are used to construct the multiple feature pseudo-color images (MFPCIs). The kernel density estimation algorithm tracks targets in MFPCIs can indirectly track these features. Experiments validate that the performance of tracking targets in MFPCIs outperforms that of tracking them in the original infrared images.     

目标机动未知下的有源声呐跟踪滤波方法

为解决由有源声呐测量误差而引入的目标机动判决模糊问题,提出了基于延迟机动检测的跟踪滤波算法。利用多假设跟踪方法,在目标机动检测模糊时,生成匀速及机动的两种目标运动假设以延迟最终的决策时间,基于残差序列构造假设检验统计量,实施序列似然比检验并融合强跟踪滤波器和Kalman滤波器的优点,提高了有源声呐对先验信息未知目标的跟踪能力。通过仿真分析表明,该算法不仅能够精确的跟踪匀速运动目标,而且能够稳定的跟踪机动目标。海试数据处理进一步验证了算法跟踪真实水声目标的有效性。      

Modified particle filter-based infrared pedestrian tracking

Tracking infrared pedestrian targets is a crucial part in video surveillance. Many factors make this problem decidedly non-linear and non-Gaussian, and the appropriate solution at present is based on the particle filter technique which is powerful and simple to implement. But in many cases, the traditional particle filter tracking algorithm fails to track the targets robustly and accurately. To solve these problems, a modified particle filter algorithm that combines intensity and edge cues is proposed. The algorithm firstly extracts the intensity cue and edge cue of the target based on the visual models which are originally learnt from the first frame and will be updated during the tracking process according to an automatic model updating strategy. Secondly, these two cues are combined into the particle filter framework by an adaptive integration scheme. Furthermore, its performance is evaluated with real-world infrared pedestrian sequences and extensive experimental results show that the presented method can track the infrared pedestrian more effectively and reliably than the traditional particle filter algorithm.     

Track-before-detect algorithm for maneuvering infrared weak multiple targets via particle filter

We present a particle filter （PF）-based algorithm to detect and track maneuvering infrared weak multiple targets at different signal-to-noise ratios for the scenes with the multiple targets number unknown and vary- ing. A detecting filter and a tracking filter based on sequential likelihood ratio （LR） testing with fixed sample size are designed, respectively, for capturing new target and tracking confirmed targets. The algorithm is optimized with selectively particles sampling and adaptive process noise. Targets birth and death time are accurately estimated according to the change degree of the LR along with the corresponding state amended through PF backward recursion. Simulation results show that it is positive to detect and track maneuvering infrared weak multiple targets with the appearance and disappearance of more than one, which also achieves a significant improvement in state estimation especially for the time targets which appear and disappear.     

基于TLD算法的加油锥套跟踪

针对自主空中加油对接阶段锥套跟踪问题,提出了一种基于tracking learning detection (TLD)的锥套跟踪算法。该算法将加油锥套的跟踪任务分解成跟踪、学习、检测3个部分。跟踪模块在LK光流法的基础上添加跟踪失败自检测,筛选出好的跟踪点,跟踪加油锥套;检测模块构建级联分类器,对滑动窗遍历得到的图像块进行分类并返回含有目标的图像块,融合跟踪模块的跟踪框,给出最终跟踪结果;学习模块引入P N约束修正错误样本并学习更新检测模块。利用Creator/Vega Prime软件对空中加油进行视景仿真,在视景仿真视频上测试锥套跟踪算法。结果表明:TLD算法跟踪加油锥套成功率达95.5%,处理每帧平均耗时31.4 ms,能够满足加油锥套跟踪鲁棒性、准确率、实时性的要求。     

基于卡尔曼与模糊PID的高帧频图像识别跟踪系统

针对空间光通信系统对信标光斑实时准确跟踪需求,设计了基于高帧频相机的精跟踪处理控制平台,并将图像处理和控制算法全部集成在大规模现场可编程门阵列芯片内部.将模糊推理规则与常规比例、积分和微分算法结合,提高了非线性系统的控制准确度|将卡尔曼滤波器的预测功能与模糊比例、积分和微分结合起来,达到对快速倾斜镜的实时超前控制.现场实验表明,该系统能有效抑制外界干扰,实现对光斑弱小目标的准确跟踪,具有动态响应快、稳定准确度高和抗干扰能力强的特点.     

基于卡尔曼与模糊PID的高帧频图像识别跟踪系统

针对空间光通信系统对信标光斑实时准确跟踪需求,设计了基于高帧频相机的精跟踪处理控制平台,并将图像处理和控制算法全部集成在大规模现场可编程门阵列芯片内部.将模糊推理规则与常规比例、积分和微分算法结合,提高了非线性系统的控制准确度;将卡尔曼滤波器的预测功能与模糊比例、积分和微分结合起来,达到对快速倾斜镜的实时超前控制.现场实验表明,该系统能有效抑制外界干扰,实现对光斑弱小目标的准确跟踪,具有动态响应快、稳定准确度高和抗干扰能力强的特点.     

红外凝视系统下的多规则航迹起始算法

针对传统航迹起始算法在红外凝视跟踪系统应用中存在的弊端,提出了一种适用于凝视跟踪系统的多规则快速航迹起始算法.该方法通过深入分析红外凝视系统中目标自身特点及其运动特性,给出了能够对低速甚至静止的大威胁概率目标和断续点迹目标进行威胁概率判断和航向方差判断的起始规则,实现了凝视系统下对大威胁概率目标和断续点迹目标航迹的快速...     

MS-KF融合算法用于锥套跟踪

针对无人机自主空中加油过程中锥套跟踪,提出一种均值漂移-卡尔曼滤波(mean shift-Kalman filter, MS-KF) 融合算法。分析了基于均值漂移算法的锥套目标模型、相似性度量、锥套目标定位的锥套定位原理;引入卡尔曼滤波器对锥套运动状态进行预测,将锥套运动信息融合到均值漂移算法中,以保证锥套跟踪算法的稳定性和鲁棒性;给出了MS-KF融合算法用于锥套识别跟踪的流程;搭建了锥套跟踪半物理实验验证系统,分别进行MS-KF融合算法用于锥套跟踪的半物理实验验证及数值仿真分析。实验结果表明:MS-KF融合算法可以对锥套精确定位跟踪,无人机3个轴向的跟踪误差保持在0.3 m的范围内,保证了无人机自主空中加油的顺利进行。