Cu-Zn/HZSM-5催化剂上甲烷与丙烷的共活化

 研究了xCu-6%Zn/HZSM-5(x=0～0.9%)系列催化剂对甲烷和丙烷混合气体无氧芳构化反应的催化性能. 结果表明,在此系列催化剂上,丙烷促进了甲烷的活化,使之参与到芳烃的形成过程中. 在600 ℃和甲烷/丙烷摩尔比为1.0的条件下,0.7%Cu-6%Zn/HZSM-5催化剂表现出最佳活性,甲烷转化率达到36%,芳烃选择性达到85.7%. 这说明在Zn/HZSM-5中添加第二组分Cu有助于提高催化剂的活性和稳定性. 考察了反应时间和甲烷/丙烷摩尔比对甲烷和丙烷转化率及产物分布的影响. 13CH4同位素示踪实验发现13C进入到了C6H+6, C7H+8和C8H+10碎片中,这进一步证实甲烷参与了芳烃的形成.     

Mo-Zn/HZSM-5催化剂上甲烷与丙烷混合物的无氧芳构化

研究了甲烷和丙烷的混合气体在x%Mo+6%Zn/HZSM-5催化剂上(x=0.3,0.5,0.7,0.9)的无氧芳构化反应性能.结果表明,在873K,GHSV=3L/(g·h)和n(C₁)/n(C₃)=1.0条件下,甲烷的转化率在29%～35%之间,芳烃选择性大于80%.其中0.7%Mo+6%Zn/HZSM-5对甲烷表现出最优的活性,甲烷转化率达到34.8%,丙烷转化率为69.6%.探讨了反应时间和n(C₁)/n(C₃)比对甲烷和丙烷转化率及其产物分布的影响.结果显示,丙烷的存在促使甲烷活化并参与芳构化反应.同位素13^CH₄示踪实验发现,13^C进入了C₆H₆⁺,C₇H₈⁺和C₈H₁₀⁺碎片中,进一步证实了甲烷进入芳烃形成过程.此种用丙烷活化甲烷的过程可能为天然气和炼厂气的直接利用提供了一个新的反应途径.     

Zn/HZSM-5分子筛催化剂对丙烷芳构化反应中芳烃分布的影响

采用浸渍法,制备了Ｚｎ／ＨＺＳＭ－５分子筛催化剂,考察了锌含量、反应温度对丙烷芳构化反应的影响,根据产物分布情况,讨论了锌物种在丙烷芳构化反应中的作用,并以氮气作载气,带入烷基芳烃乙苯、二甲苯、甲苯,考察了温度对催化剂脱烷基反应的影响。结果表明,锌物种不公能够催化丙烷的脱氢活化,提高其转化率,而且能促进随后进行的齐聚、脱氢芳构化第一系列反应,提高芳烃的选择性,并进一步催化烷基芳烃的脱烷基反应,导致     

CH_4在Mo/HZSM-5及其改性催化剂上的无氧芳构化(英文)

运用微型固定床反应器装置,研究了Mo/HZSM-5催化剂的Mo载量、金属助剂改性、载体模数对甲烷无氧芳构化反应性能的影响。结果表明,Ni/Mo摩尔比为0.1的Mo-Ni/HZSM-5(SiO2/Al2O3=25)催化性能最好,其稳定性较好,芳烃收率最高可达15.74%;此时甲烷转化率60.24%,芳烃选择性26.13%。     

四丙基氢氧化铵改性Mo/HZSM-5催化甲烷甲醇共芳构化反应性能

采用四丙基氢氧化铵（TPAOH）处理HZSM-5分子筛,并负载金属Mo。利用XRD、低温氮气吸附、27Al MAS NMR、29Si MAS NMR和NH3-TPD等表征技术对TPAOH改性前后催化剂的结构和酸性进行了研究,考察了其对甲烷甲醇共芳构化反应的催化性能。结构表征结果表明,适量的TPAOH改性可提高HZSM-5分子筛的相对结晶度,样品中介孔含量明显增加并且弱酸量和强酸量也有所增加。反应性能测试表明,以6 % Mo 负载的HZSM-5（6Mo/HZSM-5）为催化剂,在700 ℃、甲烷体积空速为2000h-1的反应条件下,甲烷中添加少量甲醇（nCH4/nCH3OH=20）时,甲烷转化率稳定在10 %左右,苯选择性在70 %以上,C7-C9高碳芳烃的选择性为4 %。在0.1 M TPAOH改性6Mo/HZSM-5催化剂上,甲烷转化率为8%左右,苯选择性稳定在60%以上,C7-C9高碳芳烃的选择性提升到10-17 %。利用TG和TPO技术对反应后样品的积碳情况进行了表征,发现甲烷甲醇共进料时催化剂积碳量由甲烷单独进料时的15%降低至5%,0.1 M的TPAOH改性后积碳量则进一步降低至1.4 %。TPAOH改性的催化剂上介孔含量的增加和强酸中心上的稠环芳烃含量的减少是反应后积碳量显著下降的主要原因,这有利于提高芳构化催化剂的稳定性和碳原子的有效利用率。     

In/HZSM-5催化剂上CH4选择还原NO的研究: 反应条件对催化剂性能的影响

用浸渍法制备的In/HZSM-5催化剂在甲烷还原一氧化氮反应中显示了很高的活性,500℃时,氧化氮的转化率可达100%.过量氧气的存在并没有对催化剂的活性产生很大的影响,这可能与In/HZSM-5催化剂上甲烷选择还原一氧化氮的反应机理有关.随着反应气体空速的增大,氧化氮的转化率缓慢下降,同时,甲烷的转化率也缓慢下降.这说明还原剂甲烷的适度活化在本反应中起着关键作用.     

Zn/HZSM-5催化剂上正/异丁烷芳构化反应性能研究

采用脉冲微反装置评价了纯正丁烷(原料I)、含有少量异丁烷的混合丁烷(原料Ⅱ)和富含异丁烷的混合丁烷(原料Ⅲ)在锌改性的纳米HZSM-5催化剂上的反应性能.通过红外吸附正丁烷羟基谱图,研究了Zn/HZSM-5催化剂的活性中心.结果表明,反应温度为550℃时,两种混合丁烷在催化剂上的转化率和芳构化选择性都远高于纯正丁烷.即异丁烷比例越高,反应效果越好,说明二者共存时,异丁烷在竞争反应中抑制了正丁烷的转化.另外,芳烃选择性均随Zn负载量的增加而增加.这是因为异丁烷在酸中心作用下脱氢生成叔碳正离子的能力高.而正丁烷的活化方式可能同时存在脱氢活化和脱甲基活化.因此,以工业碳四饱和烃为芳构化原料时,正丁烷和异丁烷可不必分离,直接以混合原料进行芳构化反应.     

基于脉冲微反装置的Au/HZSM-5催化剂上正丁烷反应性能研究

以HZSM-5沸石分子筛为载体,尿素为沉淀剂,采用常压沉积-沉淀法和负压沉积-沉淀法制备了系列Au/HZSM-5沸石催化剂并采用常规催化剂表征方法对其进行了表征.用脉冲微反装置评价了纯正丁烷(99.9%)在氢型和金改性的纳米HZSM-5催化剂上的反应活性和烯烃选择性.结果表明,在550℃下,负压沉积-沉淀法制备的不同金负载量的纳米HZSM-5催化剂上的转化率和烯烃选择性都远高于常压沉积沉淀法制备的催化剂.改性量为2.0%的Au/HZSM-5-A(负压)催化剂正丁烷转化率达到了58.0%、烯烃选择性为57.2%.脱氢和脱甲基活化是正丁烷的重要活化方式,也是影响其烯烃选择性的主要因素.金改性在提高正丁烷转化率的同时,也促进了正丁烷的脱氢和脱甲基活化.纳米HZSM-5因晶粒度小,孔道短和微孔扩散阻力低而有利于正丁烷转化.负压有利于清除HZSM-5内部的无定型杂质和脱气净化处理,有利于金的负载量和分散度.     

水热处理Zn/HZSM-5催化剂对丙烷芳构化反应的影响

考察了水热处理对Ｚｎ／ＨＺＳＭ－５催化剂丙烷芳构化反应的影响,并采用ＦＴ－ＩＲ手段,研究了处理温度对催化剂表面酸性的影响,结果表明,随着水热处理温度的升高,单位晶胞中的Ｂ酸中心数减少,而上酸中心数增加,丙烷的转化率和芳烃选择性升高,水热处理温度为４００℃时达到最大值,此时催化剂的脱氢中心Ｚｎ＾２＋与聚合,环化的Ｂ酸中心为最佳匹配状态,随着处理温度的进一步升高、Ｂ酸中心数显著下降,丙烷的转化率和芳烃     

预处理条件对Zn/Al-CLM的丙烷芳构化性能的影响

在脉冲微反装置上考察了不同的预处理条件对Zn/Al-CLM催化剂的丙烷芳构化反应的影响。结果表明，丙烷在Zn/Al-CLM催化剂上具有一定的的反应活性和芳烃选择性，而且芳构化主要转化为苯；载体Al-CLM的焙烧温度、金属锌负载量、活化温度等对Zn/Al-CLM催化剂的丙烷芳构化性能具有重要影响。载体经500℃预焙烧制备的Zn/Al-CLM催化剂具有最好的柱结构保留度，从而表现出最佳的芳构化性能；随着锌含量的增加，Zn/Al-CLM催化剂的酸量增大，从而使丙烷转化率增大，而选择性则是锌含量质量分数为5．8％时具有极大值；400℃活化处理可使Zn与Al-CLM之间具有适中的相互作用，从而使得Zn/Al-CLM具有较高的芳烃收率。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.     

Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by novel Nmm-based ionic liquids in water

A series of novel N-methyl morpholine (Nmm) based ionic liquids with 1,2-propanediol group were synthesized and used as catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation at room temperature in water. Under the effect of the catalyst, various aldehydes or aliphatic ketones could react with a wide range of activated methylene compounds well, including malononitrile, alkyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide, β-diketone, barbituric acid, 2-arylacetonitrile and thiazolidinedione. Furthermore, most of the products could be separated just by filtrating and washing with water. Additionally, the catalyst is recyclable and applicable for the large-scale synthesis.     

Construction of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives via sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction

A series of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields via a catalyst-free sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 under mild conditions. We also present the first asymmetric sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 with moderate to good enantioselectivities catalyzed by readily available chiral phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs).     

Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor NS2028: a non-product specific route to C-8 substituted analogues

Both soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitors ODQ 1 and NS2028 2 are synthesized via improved protocols. In the former case treating 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one oxime 8, which can be prepared in two steps from 1,2-benzenediamine, with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) gives the dihydro-ODQ 10 that in the presence of KMnO₄ oxidises to give ODQ 1 in an overall yield of 46% starting from 1,2-benzenediamine. In the latter case, the synthesis affords NS2028 2 from 2-amino-4-bromophenol 3 in three steps with an overall yield of 85% and avoids the need for chromatography. Furthermore, Suzuki-Miyaura reaction conditions are described that enable the preparation of 8-aryl and 8-heteroaryl derivatives of NS2028 directly from NS2028 2. Finally, demethylation of the 8-(methoxyphenyl) substituted analogues afforded the 8-(hydroxyphenyl) derivatives 40-42. All new products are fully characterised.