硅钡钙联合测定

硅钡钙是炼钢中很好的新型脱氧剂 ,并且有很好的脱硫、磷能力 ,对冶炼含硫、磷较低的钢种起着非常重要的作用 ,在特钢系统有着广阔的应用前景。本文提出了硅钡钙联合测定分析方法 ,该法快速、准确、简便、易掌握。1　试验部分1 .1　试剂混合熔剂 :无水碳酸钠 硼砂 过氧化钠 =2 0 1 0 3,硼砂在 350°C马弗炉中烘去结晶水分。NH4 CNS:50 g· L-1Ag NO3溶液 :1 0 g·L-1(NH4 ) 2 SO4 溶液 :1 0 0 g·L-1Ba Cl2 溶液 :1 0 0 g·L-1KOH溶液 :40 0 g·L-1EDTA标准溶液 :0 .0 2 mol· L-1,称取 EDTA基准试剂 7.4452 g溶于水中 ,用…     

茜素红荷移光度法测定片剂中盐酸伊托必利含量

试验表明在pH 9的碱性溶液中,伊托必利(ITPR)与茜素红(AZR)试剂反应生成1比1的荷移络合物,其吸收峰位于波长528nm处,表观摩尔吸光率为2.8×103L·mol-1·cm-1。ITPR的质量浓度在20~80mg·L-1范围内服从比耳定律。该法用于ITPR片剂的分析。取片剂20片,研细成粉末,称取其1/20溶于水中,定容至50mL,分取25.00mL,加入0.1mol·L-1氢氧化钠溶液0.45mL使其酸度为pH 9.2,加水定容至50mL。取此试液适量(mITPR不大于0.40mg,溶液体积不大于2.5mL)置于5mL比色管中,加入5×10-4 mol·L-1 AZR溶液2.5mL,加水定容至5mL,10min后,于528nm处测量其吸光度。样品中ITPR的测定值与标准方法的测定值相符。     

流动注射微柱预富集-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定海水中铅(Ⅱ)

应用流动注射技术,用D412螯合树脂微柱富集海水中的铅(Ⅱ),并与火焰原子吸收光谱法相结合测定海水中铅(Ⅱ)。20mL海水样品以3mL.min-1流量进柱,被树脂螯合吸附富集,以0.2mol.L-1乙酸铵溶液5mL淋洗柱体去除干扰物,以4mol.L-1硝酸溶液4mL为洗脱剂(流量为7mL.min-1),洗脱液直接引入火焰原子吸收光谱仪雾化器,在线检测。当海水样进样20mL时,铅(Ⅱ)测定灵敏度可提高约35倍;检出限(3s)为1.3μg.L-1。实际应用于海水样品分析,加标回收率为94.5%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为2.2%。     

微波消解-分光光度法测定水果中铅(Ⅱ)含量

在pH 5.6的六次甲基四胺(简称六胺)缓冲介质中,铅(Ⅱ)与二甲酚橙(XO)及溴化十六烷基三甲铵(CTMAB)形成三元配合物,其吸收峰在570~580nm之间。试验选择的显色反应条件:于25mL总体积中依次加入400g·L-1六胺溶液3.6mL,2.0g·L-1 XO溶液2mL和2.0g·L-1 CTMAB溶液2.5mL,加水定容放置10min,于波长570nm处测量吸光度。制作了铅(Ⅱ)的质量浓度在0.2~1.0mg·L-1范围内的标准曲线,线性关系良好。将上述方法用于测定水果中含铅量,水果样品(3.0g)用硝酸(5mL)和过氧化氢(2mL)进行微波消解,所得溶液蒸缩至约1~2mL,用水定容至50mL。分取5.00mL试液,按上述方法测定其中铅量。取5种水果样品进行分析,并同时用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定,所得结果表明两种方法的测定值之间无显著差异。     

催化光度法测定痕量钒——钒（V）-溴甲酚紫-过氧化氢体系

催化光度法测定钒已有报道[1~3],在0.45 mol·L-1磷酸介质及加热条件下,过氧化氢氧化溴甲酚紫褪色反应非常缓慢,而痕量钒对此反应具有较高的催化活性,且在一定浓度范围内,钒量与褪色反应程度呈线性关系,据此可建立测定痕量钒的方法。方法的检出限为1.9×10-6g·L-1,测定范围为0·003~1.8 mg·L-1。方法操作简便,重现性好,用于钢样中痕量钒的测定,结果满意。1试验部分1.1仪器与试剂721型分光光度计LB801-2型超级恒温器钒(Ⅴ)标准溶液:1.000 0 g·L-1,称取偏钒酸铵0.229 7 g溶于热水中,冷却,定容于100 mL容量瓶中。溴甲酚紫(用R表示)溶液:…     

纳氏试剂分光光度法测定土壤中全氮含量

提出了纳氏试剂分光光度法测定土壤中全氮含量。以硫酸铜为加速剂,用硫酸对土壤样品进行消解。消解完毕的溶液用400g·L-1氢氧化钠溶液调节其酸度至pH 10左右,溶液与沉淀一起移入容量瓶中,定容至200mL。移取上清液10mL于50mL比色管中,加入酒石酸钾钠溶液作掩蔽剂,加入纳氏试剂显色后,加水定容,于波长420nm处测量其吸光度并计算土壤样品中全氮含量。氮的质量浓度在2mg·L-1以内与吸光度呈线性关系。方法用于土壤样品分析,测定值与滴定法测定值相符,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=10)为0.24%;回收率在92.3%~112%之间。     

金属材料分析方法的选择和施行——第四讲 金属材料中钛的测定（续）

③显色及光度测定　将分取的两份试液分别置于100ml容量瓶中,各加硫酸(1+1)25.0ml,加水至约65ml,加入50g·L-1硫酸铜溶液2滴,20g·L-1抗坏血酸溶液(用时现配)2.0ml,摇匀,加入50g·L-1DAPM溶液(1mol·L-1盐酸)10 0ml,加水至标线,摇匀。放置30min,用1cm或3cm的吸收皿,以试剂空白作参比,在400nm波长处测得其吸光度。④工作曲线的制备钛量为0～0.050mg的工作曲线:于一组100ml容量瓶中,依次加入0.010mg·ml-1钛标准溶液0,0.50,1.00,1.50,3.00及5.00ml,各加入20mg·ml-1铝溶液(约1.3mol·L-1盐酸)25 0ml,以下操作同③。钛量为0～0.160mg的…     

离子色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用法测定卷烟中Cr(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅵ)的含量

称取卷烟烟丝0.200 0g,用100mmol·L-1 EDTA溶液(pH 7.5)20mL,于50℃水浴中提取3h;取此提取液5mL经过炭黑小柱净化,得到烟丝的样品溶液。为制得烟气中粒相物样品溶液,取20支卷烟经转盘吸烟机用静电捕集法捕集烟气中的粒相物;用上述EDTA溶液将捕集管上的粒相物全部冲洗于20mL容量瓶中,定容后在相同条件下提取并净化。将在标准抽吸条件下所得一整支卷烟的烟灰和烟蒂,按上述相同条件用EDTA溶液提取后,取提取液5mL,经0.45μm滤膜过滤,滤液为烟灰和烟蒂的样品溶液。以上所得3份样品溶液分别收集于离子色谱进样瓶中,用IonPac AG11-HG色谱柱分离,用50mmol·L-1硝酸铵溶液(pH 6.8)作为流动相进行洗脱;按所选条件用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定洗脱液中Cr(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅵ)。结果表明:Cr(Ⅲ)与Cr(Ⅵ)的质量浓度分别在0.15~1 500,0.06~600μg·L~(-1)内与对应的峰面积之间呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)分别为0.15,0.06μg·L~(-1)。用标准加入法测得方法的回收率依次在95.2%~98.6%,90.6%~96.8%;对同一样品重复进样7次,峰面积的相对标准偏差依次为3.3%,4.8%。结果显示:卷烟中铬的主要来源于烟丝,以Cr(Ⅲ)为主;在抽吸过程中,熔点较低的Cr(Ⅲ)化合物容易转移至烟气的粒相物中,从而被滤嘴截留或进入主流烟气中,而Cr(Ⅵ)则大部分残留在烟灰中。     

用水少量多次洗涤烧杯的原理

在配制一定物质的量浓度或其它浓度的溶液时,都有用少量水洗涤烧杯和玻璃棒二至三次的操作步骤。为什么不用多量的水一次洗涤呢?现在以配制1L2mol·L-1氢氧化钠溶液的实验为例来说明。称取80g氢氧化钠晶体放在烧杯中,再加入水约500ml,用玻璃棒搅拌使其溶解。设溶液的体积是500ml,则烧杯中氢氧化钠溶液的浓度为4mol·L-1。     

金属材料分析方法的选择和施行第六讲金属材料中稀土元素的测定(续)

(4)加入邻联甲苯胺试剂:该试剂属二胺类化合物,其结构式如图6-14所示.使用时配成0.5 g·L-1的溶液,可称取0.1 g试剂于烧杯中,加入硫酸(1 1)数滴,用玻璃棒将其调成糊状,再加硫酸(1 1)20 mL,加水稀释至200 mL,温热使其溶解完全,铈的显色一般在50 mL容量瓶中进行.     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。