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1.
The solution of optimisation problems and control for distributed systems is a major challenge for numerical simulation. Flow control can be seen as time-dependent aerodynamic shape optimisation. One important issue in this work is sensitivity analysis using automatic differentiation. Using these tools, we observe that boundary integral sensitivities are dominated by the geometrical part.  相似文献   

2.
3.
A new anisotropic poroelastic damage model is proposed for saturated brittle porous materials. The damage impact on the poroelastic coupling coefficients is investigated. The contribution of pore pressure in damage growth mechanism is identified.  相似文献   

4.
Synthesis and properties of Np(V) compounds formed with nitrogen planar ligand Tptz. Under special conditions, Np(V) compounds are formed with N-donor aromatic ligands. In this work, synthesis as well as optical properties and thermal stability of solids [NpO2Cl(Tptz)H2O]·H2O (I) and NpO2Br(Tptz)·n H2O (II) are investigated. To cite this article: N.A. Budantseva et al., C. R. Chimie 8 (2005).  相似文献   

5.
Résumé Les auteurs étudient, comparativement, les combustions de composés organiques fluorés, en vue du microdosage du fluor, en fiole remplie d'oxygène, d'aprèsSchöniger, ou dans la flamme d'un microchalumeau oxhydrique d'aprèsLévy.Ils leur associent le dosage par colorimétrie spectrophotométrique en solution aqueuse des ions F obtenus après la mise en uvre de l'une ou l'autre des deux méthodes de combustion.La méthode colorimétrique repose sur le principe de la mesure de la diminution de densité optique d'une solution du complexe ferrisulfosalicylique lorsqu'on la mélange à la solution d'ions F à doser.
Summary A comparative study was made of the combustion of fluorine compounds for the micro determination of the fluorine in flasks filled with oxygen afterSchöniger as opposed to the flame of an oxy-hydrogen burner. The fluoride in the aqueous receiving solution was then determined spectrophotometrically. The photometric measurement rests on the decrease of the optical density of iron (III) sulfosalicylic acid on the addition of fluoride solutions.

Zusammenfassung Die Verbrennung organischer Fluorverbindungen zur Mikrobestimmung des Fluors im sauerstoffgefüllten Kolben nachSchöniger bzw. in der Flamme eines Knallgasbrenners wurde vergleichsweise untersucht. Anschließend wurde das in wäßriger Lösung vorliegende Fluorid spektrophotometrisch bestimmt. Die photometrische Messung beruht auf der Minderung der optischen Dichte von Eisen(III)-sulfosalicylsäurelösungen beim Zusatz von Fluoridlösungen.


A M. le Professeur Dr. Ing.Fritz Feigl à l'occasion de son 70ème anniversaire.  相似文献   

6.
The reaction between graphite and liquid potassium, containing small amounts of sulphur or selenium, leads to the synthesis of new lamellar compounds, of which the three-layered intercalated sheets can be regarded as potassium sulfide or selenide slices, being arranged between the graphene planes. These slices retain the hexagonal symmetry that they possess in the 3D binary chalcogenides, thanks to some adaptations. Particularly, they become commensurate with respect to the graphene planes.  相似文献   

7.
During the first stage of the slow drying of a liquid within a bead pack, capillary liquid transfers dominate and are governed by the pore size distribution. Deep layers made of coarse grains can be invaded first by air, and the drying rate is controlled by the characteristics of the layers close to the free surface. © 1999 Académie des sciences/Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS  相似文献   

8.
Martin  F. 《Mikrochimica acta》1951,36(2):653-659
Résumé Ce bref exposé montre que le dosage chimique direct,rapide et sélectif des divers halogènes, en micro ou semi-microanalyse, peut prêter encore à des controverses.L'emploi de la microbombe se révèle très avantageux pour la minéralisation des substances organiques et peut être très utile soit pour le travail en série, soit pour un laboratoire non équipé spécialement pour faire des microcombustions.Mais le dosage des halogènes, après minéralisation par ce procédé exige des conditions de travail très précises, qui sont encore susceptibles d'être perfectionnées.Il serait donc particulièrement souhaitable que les analystes qui s'intéressent à ces méthodes générales de micro ou semi-microdosages fassent connaître le résultat de l'expérience qu'ils ont pu acquérir sur ce sujet, non par quelques essais seulement mais par accumulation de résultats sur des produits très divers.
Summary It is shown that there is still room for the discussion of suitable rapid and selective methods for the microchemical or semi-microchemical determination of the various halogens. The microParr bomb has proven very advantageous for the destruction of organic substances, especially in series analyses. However, the actual determination of the halogens following this type of ashing demands exceptionally close maintenance of the experimental conditions, which are still to be perfected. An exchange of experiences of the microanalysts active in this field would be very desirable, particularly with respect to the use of the procedure on various analysis products.

Zusammenfassung Es wird gezeigt, daß die für eine mikrochemische oder halbmikrochemische Bestimmung der verschiedenen Halogene geeigneten schnellen und selektiven Methoden immer noch Anlaß zu Diskussionen geben. Die Anwendung der Mikro-Parr-Bombe erweist sich für die Zerstörung organischer Substanzen als sehr vorteilhaft, besonders wenn es sich um Serienanalysen handelt. Aber die eigentliche Bestimmung der Halogene nach dieser Art der Veraschung erfordert außerordentlich genaue Einhaltung der Versuchsbedingungen, die im übrigen noch zu vervollkommnen wären. Ein Erfahrungsaustausch der auf diesem Gebiet tätigen Mikroanalytiker wäre besonders wünschenswert, vor allem auch hinsichtlich der Anwendung auf verschiedene Analysenprodukte.
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9.
10.
Résumé La séparation du cobalt, du cuivre et du zinc par Chromatographie sur papier a été étudiée à l'échelle du microgramme. Lesfacteurs d'influence, ont été précisés jusqu'à atteindre desconditions opératoires standard. Le contrôle quantitatif de la séparation de ces trois éléments chromatographiés dans ces conditions standard, permet de descendre pour le cobalt jusqu'à 0,3g et jusqu'à 0,1g pour le cuivre.Alors que visuellement les taches sont à peine visibles, la photométrie permet encore de déceler la présence et de doser ces éléments.
Summary The Separation of cobalt, copper, and zinc by chromatography on paper has been studied on the microgram scale. The influencing factors have been stated definitely to obtain standard operating conditions. The quantitative control of the separation of these three chromatographed elements under the standard conditions allows the amount of cobalt to become as low as 0.3g and that of copper 0.1g. Since the stains are scarcely visible to the eye, the photometric method makes it possible to detect the presence of these elements and to determine them.

Zusammenfassung Die papierchromatographische Trennung von Kobalt, Kupfer und Zink wurde im Mikrogramm-Maßstab untersucht. Die Versuchsbedingungen wurden genau festgelegt und eine Standard-Arbeitsvorschrift angegeben. Die quantitative Überprüfung der unter diesen Bedingungen ausgeführten Trennung der drei Elemente ergab für Kobalt 0,3g, für Kupfer 0,1g als untere Grenze der anzuwendenden Mengen. Wiewohl die Flecken dann kaum mehr sichtbar sind, ist der Nachweis und die Bestimmung auf photometrischem Wege noch durchführbar.
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11.
The pyrolysis behaviours of titanocene dichloride and vanadocene used as a precursor for the chemical vapor deposition of titanium carbide and vanadium carbide, respectively, are studied. The influence of the gas-phase transport of these compounds on the properties of the deposits is also discussed according to the vaporization procedure.  相似文献   

12.
Phenylzinc bromide enables a pseudo three-component reaction of methyl glutaconate and aromatic aldehydes. Unsaturated trisubstituted δ-valerolactones (dihydropyranones) are obtained in fair to good yields by an aldol/aldol/elimination/lactonization domino process that allows the formation of four new bonds in a single step. A putative reaction mechanism is proposed.  相似文献   

13.
A model of wind-generated surface waves is discussed. The energy equilibrum between excitation effects, nonlinearity, and dissipation are governed by a self-regulating process. The numerical results are compared with experimental data. © 1999 Académie des sciences/Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS  相似文献   

14.
We consider a parabolic equation with highly contrasted diffusion coefficients in the blocks set ℳ(ɛ) and in the surrounding fissures system ℱ(ɛ). Without a assumption, for a large range of contrast and by mean of variational homogenization, we find the global behavior when the numbers of blocks tends to infinity, for both the non stationary and the stationary model.  相似文献   

15.
Chemical decontamination of toxic compounds (warfare agents and pesticides) is of increasing importance. Oxidation of sulphur-containing model toxic agents in micellar media (in water or binary systems) was investigated through the relationship between the reactivity/ selectivity and the lipophilicity (log P)) of the model.Two substrates with lipophilicities close to that of mustard seem to be the best suited for miming the degradation of the toxin. The micellar medium composed of cetylpyridinium chloride and of the binary system water/ formamide (1:1; vol/vol) gave the best results: quantitative yield with over 90 % of the product in the form of sulphoxide.  相似文献   

16.
Monometallic and heterobtmetallic titanium and vanadium compounds were prepared and studied as precursors to the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of carbide and nitride ceramic thin films. Their thermal properties are discussed according to the chemical environment of the metal atom and their CVD behavior is studied. Two of them, CpTiCl2N(SiMe3)2 and Cp2VMe2, are applied to the deposition of thin films within the Ti-V-C-N quaternary system.  相似文献   

17.
18.
The 2-(4-methylphenyl)acyl-l,3-benzothiazole 3b reacts with the N-bromosuccinimide to give the dimerised compound 4. This product leads to the furane 5 by refluxing in triethylphosphite. The 2-phenylacyl1,3-benzothiazole 3a leads to 1,3,4-thiadiazoles 9 and 10 by sulfurisation and condensation with nitrilimines 7 and 8.  相似文献   

19.
If one deproteinises blood serum by sodium tungstate and sulphuric acid, the excess tungstate impedes the formation of the colourless complex of salicylic acid with the iron. The intervening reactions are not yet well understood. One can use this method if a sufficient concentration of iron is present to eliminate all the tungstate; but the method then becomes slow and delicate. It is shown finally that the most satisfactory method consists of extracting the salicylic acid by dichlorethylene and then bringing it again into aqueous solution by means of a ferric solution.  相似文献   

20.
Retention indices of some phthalates, separated by temperature-programmed gas chromatography, computed using B-spline interpolations are more consistent with the scheme of this retention parameter. In applying this technique to a mixture of reference n-alkanes, which two successive members do not defer of more than four carbon atoms, it is possible to recover classical retention indices.  相似文献   

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