Extraction and spectrophotometric determination of titanium(iv) with 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-(4-tolyl)-4-pyridone

Titanium(IV) in sulphuric, perchloric and hydrochloric acid media reacts with 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-(4-tolyl)-4-pyridone (HY) to give a complex which is extractable into chloroform. The composition of the extractable complex depends on the acidity of the aqueous phase and on which mineral acid is used. The mixed titanium-perchlorate-HY complex which is formed in the presence of excess of perchlorate is the most suitable for the spectrophotometric determination of titanium. The molar absorptivity of the complex is 1.6×10⁴1·mole^–1·cm^–1 at 355 nm. The optimum titanium concentration range is 0.5–6,g/ml. The method has been successfully applied to the determination of titanium in samples of bauxite and alumina refractory.     

Extraction and complex formation of thorium(IV) with 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-(4-tolyl)-4-pyridone

The extraction of thorium(IV) from aqueous hydrochloric and nitric acid solution by 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-(4-tolyl)-4-pyridone (HY) dissolved in chloroform has been studied. Thorium(IV) is quantitatively extracted at pH > 3.8 from the hydrochloric acid solution containing an excess of chloride ions, and at pH > 2.5 from nitric acid solution containing an excess of nitrate ions. Extracted thorium can be quantitatively stripped with 1 M hydrochloric or nitric acid. The separation of protactinium from thorium is described. The mechanism of thorium extraction has been studied. The composition of the extractable thorium complexes depends on the HYTh concentration ratio and on the kind of mineral acid present in the aqueous phase. The solid complex ThCl₃Y·HY was isolated and its composition verified by chemical analysis.     

Extraction and complex formation of niobium(V) with 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-(4-tolyl)-4-pyridone

The extraction of niobium(V) from aqueous hydrochloric and sulphuric acid solutions with 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-(4-tolyl)-4-pyridone (HY) dissolved in chloroform is described. Niobium(V) can be quantitatively extracted with HY in the form of two different complexes depending on the chloride ion concentration in the aqueous phase. At a low chloride concentration or without chloride in the aqueous phase niobium(V) is extracted with HY in the form of Nb(OH)₃Y₂ and at a high chloride concentration as a mixed Nb(OH)₃ClY complex. Niobium extraction with HY enables the separation of niobium(V) from zirconium(IV) and hafnium(IV). The formation of a mixed chloro-4-pyridone complex is also applicable for the spectrophotometric determination of niobium in the organic phase at the maximum absorption at 350 nm.     

Crystal Structure of 3-Methyl-4-methoxy-3-(3-methyl-4- methoxy-2-benzofuranyl) -2-H-benzofuranyl

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮ3ｍｅｔｈｙｌ4ｈｙｄｒｏｘｙｂｅｎｚｏｆｕｒａｎｉｓａｎｉｎｔｅｒｍｅｄｉａｔｅｕｓｅｄｆｏｒｔｈｅｓｙｎｔｈｅｓｉｓｏｆｎａｔｕｒｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｓ[1].Ｉｔｈａｓｂｅｅｎｓｙｎｔｈｅｓｉｚｅｄｆｒｏｍ1,3ｄｉｈｙｄｒｏｘｙｂｅｎｚｅｎｅ[2-3].Ｔｏｓｙｎｔｈｅｓｉｚｅａｂｉｅｔａｎｅｑｕｉｎｏｎｅｄｉｔｅｒｐｅｎｏｉｄｓｗｉｔｈｉｔ[4,5],ｗｅｉｎｔｅｎｄｅｄｔｏｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｔｈｅｈｙｄｒｏｘｙａｔｔａｃｈｅｄｔｏｉｔｗｉｔｈＭｅ2ＳＯ4.Ｆｉｎａｌｌｙ,ｔｗｏｃｏｍｐｏｕ…     

Extraction and separation of uranium(VI) and protactinium(V) with 1-(4-tolyl)-2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyridone

Summary The extraction of uranium(VI) from aqueous hydrochloric or nitric acid, and the extraction of protactinium from hydrochloric acid by 1-(4-tolyl)-2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyridone (HY) dissolved in chloroform has been studied. At pH >4, uranium (VI) is quantitatively extracted while at pH < 1 practically all the uranium remains in the aqueous phase. At hydrochloric acid concentrations lower than 1M, protactinium(V) is quantitatively extracted while at hydrochloric acid concentration higher than 5M practically all the protactinium remains in the aqueous phase. This difference in extraction of uranium and protactinium was utilized for their separation. From 0.5M hydrochloric acid, protactinium is quantitatively extracted, and separated from uranium.The composition of the extracted uranium(VI) and protactinium (V) complexes was studied. A uranium complex with the formula UO₂Y₂ · HY was isolated from the chloroform solution. The solution of this complex in chloroform has a maximum absorbance at 319 nm and the molar absorptivity is 3.1×10⁴ l · mole^–1 · cm^–1. Owing to this property uranium can be determined spectro-photometrically directly in the organic phase.

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Zusammenfassung Die Extraktion von Uran(VI) aus wäßriger Salzsäure oder Salpetersäure sowie die Extraktion von Protaktinium aus Salzsäure mit 1-(4-Tolyl)-2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyridon (HY) in chloroformischer Lösung wurde untersucht. Bei pH > 4 wird U(VI) quantitativ extrahiert, während bei pH < 1 praktisch alles Uran in der wäßrigen Phase bleibt. Bei Salzsäurekonzen-trationen unter 1-m wird Protaktinium (V) quantitativ extrahiert, während bei Salzsäurekonzentrationen über 5-m praktisch alles Pa in der wäßrigen Phase bleibt. Dieser Unterschied bei der Extraktion der beiden Elemente wurde für deren Trennung benützt. Pa wird aus 0,5-m Salzsäure quantitativ extrahiert und so von Uran getrennt.Die Zusammensetzung der extrahierten U (VI)- und Pa (V)-Komplexe wurde untersucht. Ein Urankomplex der Formel UO₂ · Y₂ · HY wurde aus der Chloroformlösung isoliert. Die Lösung dieses Komplexes in Chloroform hat ein Absorptionsmaximum bei 319 nm und eine molare Extinktion von 3,1 · 10⁴ l · mol^–1 · cm^–1. Auf Grund dieser Eigenschaft kann Uran spektrophotometrisch direkt in der organischen Phase bestimmt werden.

     

Preparation of single-enantiomer 2-methyl-4-heptanol, a pheromone of Metamasius hemipterus, using (S)-2-methoxy-2-(1-naphthyl)propionic acid

To investigate the resolution of secondary alcohols using 2-methoxy-2-(1-naphthyl)propionic acid (MalphaNP acid), 2-methyl-4-heptanol, one of the aggregation pheromones of Metamasius hemipterus, was resolved using (S)-MalphaNP acid. As a chiral-resolving agent, MalphaNP acid is superior to 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-methoxy-2-phenylpropionic acid (MTPA) in terms of HPLC separation and NMR shielding. A better separation of diastereomeric MalphaNP esters was observed when n-hexane-THF was used as the eluent for silica gel HPLC. The solvolysis of the diastereomeric MalphaNP esters gave (R)-2-methyl-4-heptanol and its enantiomer; enantiopure (S)-MalphaNP acid was also recovered. In addition, the preferred conformation of the MalphaNP ester was confirmed using methyl (R)-3-hydroxyvalerate as an authentic compound.     

Ring-chain tautomerism and thermo- and photochromism of 3-(1-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-naphthyl)propenal imines

A series of previously undescribed 3-(1-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-naphthyl)propenal imines was synthesized. In the crystalline state all of the imines, except the N-(p-nitrophenyl)imine, have an open o-quinoid structure, whereas in solutions in nonpolar solvents they exist in the cyclic 2H-chromene form. In polar solvents the imines display ring-chain tautomeric equilibrium of the 2H-chromene and o-quinoid forms, the relative percentages of which are determined by the character of the substituent in the amino component of the molecule and by the polarity of the solvent. The N-(p-nitrophenyl)imine has-the 2H-chromene structure in the solid phase and in solvents.Communication 14 from the series Photochromic and thermochromic spirans. See [1] for communication 13.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 8, pp. 1031–1039, August, 1983.     

Conformational analysis of methyl 2-methyl-2-(1-naphthyl)propionate

(S)-2-Methoxy-2-(1-naphthyl)propionic acid (MαNP acid 1) is used for enantioseparation of many secondary alcohols and for determining the stereogenic centers. In the liquid state, based on the ¹H NMR anisotropy effect and reported results, it was shown that the MαNP ester preferred a coplanar relation between the methyl and naphthyl groups and a synperiplanar relation between the Cα-OMe and CO groups. In the case of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-4-phenanthrenol, which is a secondary alcohol, the stereogenic center was determined by X-ray analysis. It was shown that MαNP ester adopted similar arrangements in the solid state. However, it was presumed that the strong repulsion between oxygen atoms may be disadvantageous in the solid state. Therefore, we carried out conformational analysis using the simplest MαNP methyl ester to clarify this unique relationship. From detailed results based on the energy surface determined using the RHF/STO-3G basis set, the synperiplanar positional relation was the most stable, and the calculated results agreed with many reported experimental results. At the same time, all conformational isomers of the MαNP methyl ester were used to clarify the internal conversion pathways.     

Preparation of single-enantiomer semiochemicals using 2-methoxy-2-(1-naphthyl)propionic acid and 2-methoxy-2-(9-phenanthryl)propionic acid

Enantioresolution of 3-octanol, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-ol (sulcatol), and 1-octen-3-ol was conducted using (S)-(+)-2-methoxy-2-(1-naphthyl)propionic acid (MαNP acid) and (S)-(+)-2-methoxy-2-(9-phenanthryl)propionic acid (M9PP acid). In each case, the diastereomeric esters obtained were readily separated by HPLC. The stereochemistry of the esters could be assigned from their respective ¹H NMR analyses. Solvolyses of the esters gave enantiopure alcohols and acids. MαNP and M9PP acids displayed almost equivalent properties in ¹H NMR anisotropy. The chiral resolving ability of M9PP acid was slightly superior to that of MαNP acid in HPLC.     

Solvent extraction of molybdenum(VI) with 1-Phenyl-2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyridone

Summary The extraction of molybdenum(VI) from aqueous hydrochloric or perchloric acid solution by 1-phenyl-2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyridone (HX) dissolved in chloroform has been studied. Molybdenum(VI) is quantitatively extracted from aqueous solution in the range 0.001–1M hydrogen ion concentration. Outside this range, the extraction of molybdenum decreases and at 10M acid concentration or at pH>6 practically all the molybdenum remains in the aqueous phase. Molybdenum can be stripped with 10M HCl. The composition of the extracted molybdenum(VI) species was found to be MoO₂X₂. This complex, dissolved in chloroform, has a maximum absorbance at 317 nm and a molar absorptivity of 2.5×10⁴ 1 · mole^–1 · cm^–1. Owing to this property, molybdenum can be determined spectrophotometrically directly in the organic phase.

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Zusammenfassung Die Extraktion von Mo(VI) aus wäßriger Salzsäure oder Perchlorsäure mit 1-Phenyl-2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyridon (HX) in chloroformischer Lösung wurde untersucht. Sie erfolgt quantitativ bei 0,001–1-molarer H-Ionenkonzentration. Außerhalb dieses Bereiches fällt die Extraktionsrate ab und aus 10-m Säure bzw. bei pH>6 bleibt praktisch alles Molybdän in der wäßrigen Phase. Mit 10-m Salzsäure kann man Mo abtrennen. Die Zusammensetzung der extrahierten Mo-Verbindung entspricht der Formel MoO₂X₂. Dieser in Chloroform gelöste Komplex hat ein Absorptionsmaximum bei 317 nm und eine molare Extinktion von 2,5 · 10⁴l · Mol^–1 cm^–1. Demzufolge läßt sich Molybdän unmittelbar in der organischen Phase spektrophotometrisch bestimmen.

     

Spectrophotometric determination of titanium(IV) with 1-phenyl-2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyridone

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry -     

Synthesis of ethyl 5-cyano-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-(1-naphthyl)-nicotinate

A novel ethyl 5-cyano-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-(1-naphthyl)-nicotinate is successfully synthesized and the structure is determined by XRD, GC-MS analysis, element analysis and NMR spectroscopic in detail. A reaction mechanism for the reaction is proposed.