一维阵列电极法研究钢筋在混凝土中的腐蚀行为

建立一维阵列微电极技术,通过对阵列电极腐蚀电位、极化曲线以及微电极之间宏电流的测量,研究在腐蚀环境作用下钢筋混凝土腐蚀过程中宏电池电流和微电池电流的形成、发展及其相互作用.结果表明,腐蚀发生早期,腐蚀宏电池和微电池在不同区域优先形成而且并存.随着腐蚀的发展,受氧扩散控制,在腐蚀宏电池区域出现微电池,而某些腐蚀微电池区域与阴极区耦合,也形成腐蚀宏电池.腐蚀宏电池与微电池电流大小最终趋于一致.     

丝束电极研究裂纹对混凝土中钢筋腐蚀的影响

应用丝束电极技术测量浸在10%NaC l溶液中的混凝土内铁丝束的自腐蚀电位和极化电阻分布,研究裂纹对混凝土中铁丝腐蚀的影响和乙醇胺的缓蚀作用.结果表明,裂纹加速了水、氧和氯离子向两侧混凝土中扩散,增加了铁丝腐蚀的不均匀性.乙醇胺扩散到混凝土中,吸附在铁丝表面,基本不改变铁丝的自腐蚀电位,但显著降低了铁丝腐蚀速率,有效抑制了裂纹引起的不均匀腐蚀.     

Effect of temperature on CO2 corrosion of carbon steel

This work investigates the effect of temperature on the corrosion product layer of carbon steel exposed to a CO₂‐containing solution. The measurement techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry, X‐ray diffraction, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, were used to systematically characterize the morphology and composition of the corrosion product layer. The corrosion rates were calculated by weight loss method. The corrosion mechanisms as a function of temperature are studied and discussed. The results showed that temperature is an important factor in the corrosion rate of carbon steel. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Odd random phase multisine EIS as a detection method for the onset of corrosion of coated steel

In this work, odd random phase multisine Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (ORP-EIS) was used as a detection method for the onset of corrosion of coated steel. The possibility to use ORP-EIS as a rapid-screening test for corrosion was investigated. It is concluded that the detection of a non-linear behavior combined with a non-stationary behavior during the onset of corrosion can be used as a criterion in a rapid-screening test for corrosion of coated steel.     

稀土对碳锰纯净钢耐腐蚀性能的影响

在碳锰纯净钢中加入稀土元素镧和铈, 用电化学方法测定了腐蚀电流icorr和点蚀特征电位Eb. 结果表明, 稀土种类和含量对碳锰纯净钢的腐蚀性能存在影响, 镧、铈的适宜含量分别为0.011%和0.014%左右. 稀土的作用与它引起的组织变化和对极化过程中试样表面状况的影响有关.     

Corrosion behaviour of soldered joints of magnesium alloys and dissimilar materials

In the last decade magnesium based materials have been used in many industrial applications. Problems arise from joining technologies and the corrosion behaviour of joined parts. The present study shows results of a new flux free soldering technology and the study of the corrosion properties of these soldered samples. Joints have been obtained by soldering of magnesium alloy AZ31 samples among each other or to aluminum alloy AlMgSi1 as well as to unalloyed, low-carbon steel. Different corrosion protection layers have been applied by thermal spraying. The corrosive potential of different soldered samples has been examined using current density-potential measurements. The corrosion behaviour of coated samples has been studied by salt spray testing in comparison to uncoated samples.     

碳钢土壤腐蚀速度波动性表征的研究

碳钢/土壤腐蚀是复杂的随机现象。按照统计学方法，其腐蚀速度被看作服从正态分布，腐蚀速度的波动性分别用标准偏差或变异系数(CoV)表示。笔者根据大量腐蚀试验数据，将标准偏差分布看作统计分形体系，分别计算了平行腐蚀试验数据和区域腐蚀试验数据的分维，分别为1．343和1．486。通过分形修正提出新的变异系数来描述碳钢土壤腐蚀的随机波动性。此外，当平行试样数量大于6片后分维趋于恒定。新变异系数和腐蚀发生程度无关，是腐蚀速度随机波动特性更好的表征形式。     

镍-磷-锌盐纳米复合化学镀层抗腐蚀性能的研究

镍-磷-锌盐纳米复合化学镀层抗腐蚀性能的研究     

弱碱性介质中氯离子对铜电极腐蚀行为的影响

应用循环伏安法、X射线光电子能谱法、电化学阻抗谱法以及现场椭圆偏光法研究了在弱碱性介质中添加Cl－对铜电极腐蚀行为的影响.结果表明, Cl－的加入能加剧铜电极的腐蚀,使腐蚀电流以及现场椭圆偏振参数Δ的变化范围都增大1个数量级, Cl－对Cu2O的掺杂将使铜电极的表面膜变得疏松,膜的耐蚀性变差.椭圆偏光实验不仅与电化学和能谱实验的结果一致,而且还能定性地、清楚地分辨出铜电极腐蚀过程中Cu2O的生成、Cl－对Cu2O的掺杂、CuO的生成等不同阶段;同时,利用恰当的模型还能定量地确定各个阶段铜电极表面膜的组成、厚度的变化,从而为研究铜电极的腐蚀与防护机理提供更多有用信息.     

Study of the Synergistic Effect Between Corrosion Inhibitors by Using Fractional Free Volume

The fractional free volumes(FFVs) of the adsorption films formed with different ratios of dipropargyl methoxythiourea imidazoline(DPFTAI) and pyridine quaternary ammonium salt(16BD) were calculated by simulation to determine their synergistic corrosion inhibition effect. The results suggest that the composite corrosion inhibitor at the molar ratio between DPFTAI and 16BD of 4:1 gives the best corrosion inhibition effect. This simulation method to predict the synergistic effect between corrosion inhibitors was further validated by mass loss and electrochemical experiments. This finding delivers valuable understandings of inhibition mechanism of corrosion inhibitors.     

Bioinspired Heterocyclic Compounds as Corrosion Inhibitors: A Comprehensive Review

Corrosion is a phenomenon that devastatingly affects innovative, industrial, and mechanical applications, especially in the oil and gas industries. The corrosion conceivably influences industrial equipment; it deteriorates the environment and lessens the equipment/infrastructure's lifetime. Considering the significant impact of corrosion in our daily lives, this review article aims to briefly discuss the significance of corrosion and different control methods with special attention on corrosion inhibitors. The classification of corrosion inhibitors based on types and their advantage/limitations, and heterocyclic compounds as potential corrosion inhibitors, mainly nitrogen-based compounds (pyridine (1N), pyrimidine (2N), and triazines (3N) fused ring benzimidazole, etc.), and their biological significance has been discussed in detail. The mechanism, challenges, and applications of heterocyclic compounds as corrosion inhibitors in various industrial relevant corrosive environments such as acid pickling, descaling operation in the desalination plant, oil gas industry, etc., have also been highlighted in the review.     

基于癸二酸二异辛酯的环保型复合缓蚀剂对钢筋的缓蚀效应

应用缓蚀剂控制混凝土中钢筋的腐蚀具有高效、廉价和易操作等优点,越来越受腐蚀研究者的关注。近年来,对环保型缓蚀剂的需求日益增加。因此,本工作发展了由癸二酸二异辛酯、D-葡萄糖酸钠和硫酸锌组成的环保型复合缓蚀剂并应用电化学测试技术和表面分析方法研究其对钢筋的缓蚀作用。结果表明,Q235钢筋在pH为11.00,含0.5 mol∙L^-1 NaCl的模拟污染的混凝土孔隙液中处于活化状态并发生局部腐蚀。含有59 mmol∙L^-1癸二酸二异辛酯,0.5 mmol∙L^-1 D-葡萄糖酸钠和1.5 mmol∙L^-1硫酸锌组成的复合缓蚀剂对钢筋具有良好的协同缓蚀效应,在模拟污染混凝土孔隙液中和水泥砂浆试样中对钢筋的缓蚀效率分别达到96.8%和90.0%。该复合缓蚀剂是一种混合型缓蚀剂,对钢筋腐蚀的阴极反应和阳极反应均有抑制作用。     

Pitting Corrosion Mechanisms and Characteristics of Aluminum in Solar Heating Systems

The complex characteristics and mechanisms of aluminum pitting corrosion in a solar heating system were studied by the chemical immersion method and electrochemical techniques as well as fractal theory. The results showed that pitting corrosion of Al occurred in a tap water environment due to the local enrichment of Cl^? ions. The higher the Cl^? ions concentration, the more negative the critical pitting potential (E_b) of Al. A linear relationship between E_b and the logarithm of Cl^? ions concentration was observed. The pitting corrosion mechanism of Al in neutral water was explained in terms of complexation corrosion theory. The corrosion surface images of aluminum immersed in tap water were captured and analyzed by image processing technique and box‐dimension method. The fractal characteristics of pit distribution, described by fractal dimension, have been identified. The fractal dimension of the pit distribution increased with the increase of immersion time and had the same trend as that of the weight loss. Fractal dimension can, thus, be used as an important parameter for quantitative evaluation of pitting corrosion of aluminum.     

混凝土中钢筋的腐蚀行为研究

本文探讨了在不同 pH和Cl- 含量的模拟混凝土孔隙液介质中 ,混凝土中钢筋的腐蚀电化学行为 .电化学技术测试结果表明 ,正常情况下 ,钢筋在混凝土中受到高碱性环境的保护 ,耐蚀性好 .但随着介质 pH的降低、Cl- 含量的上升 ,钢筋腐蚀电流升高 ;动电位阳极极化曲线的测试表明 ,钢筋的维钝电流增大 ,击穿电位负移 ,混凝土中钢筋的耐蚀性下降 .这是钢筋表面钝性受破坏的缘故 .     

Corrosion inhibition of 302 stainless steel with schiff base compounds

The effects of 2,2′-[bis-N(4-cholorobenzaldimin)]-1,1′-dithio (BCBD) and bis-(2-aminophenyl) disulphide (BAPD) on the corrosion behavior of 302 stainless steel in 0.5 M sulfuric acid solution as corrosive medium were investigated using weight loss and potentiostatic polarization techniques. Some corrosion parameters such as anodic and cathodic Tafel slopes, corrosion potential, corrosion current density, surface coverage degrees and inhibition efficiencies were calculated. The polarization measurements indicated that the inhibitors were of mixed type which inhibited corrosion by parallel adsorption on the surface of stainless steel due to the presence of more than one active centre in the inhibitor molecule. The adsorption followed Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The activation energy and thermodynamic parameters were calculated at different temperatures. Results showed that BCBD had a higher inhibition efficiency compared with BAPD.     

电场作用下金属锌在薄液膜下的腐蚀电化学研究

采用薄液膜实验装置,测量了外加直流电场作用下锌在薄液膜体系中的腐蚀电位、阴极极化电流以及阴极极化曲线等. 研究了外加直流电场对锌在薄液膜下腐蚀行为的影响. 结果表明,外电场的作用可以使锌电极的腐蚀电位负移,也可以使锌电极在阴极极化条件下的阴极电流增加. 分析结果表明,外电场与薄液膜体系中锌电极电化学过程中的相关因素发生了协同作用,改变了锌电极的阴极过程.     

Use of rare earth metal salt solutions for corrosion protection of aluminum alloys and mild steel

The rare earth metal salt (REMS) compounds which are non-toxic and inexpensive have been used successfully for the corrosion protection of commercial aluminum alloys as well as of mild steel. The resistance to localized corrosion of aluminum alloys such as Al 2024, Al 6061 and Al 7075 has been greatly improved by immersion in hot cerium salt solutions. Cerium oxides/hydroxides were formed at sites where intermetallic compounds containing copper were located and eliminated the formation of local cathodes. REMS solutions were also used for sealing of anodized layer on Al alloys replacing toxic chromates. In addition to increased corrosion resistance excellent paint adhesion was observed. Cerium nitrate and yttrium sulfate solutions produced the most satisfactory results. Cerium salts were also applied successfully as inhibitors and as pretreatment for the corrosion protection of carbon steel in hot NH₃/water solutions used in absorption heat pumps. Factorial design experiments have been used to determine the optimum concentrations of CeCl₃ and H₂O₂ as well as the treatment time used in the cerating process for mild steel. The corrosion protection provided by the cerated layer was further improved by cathodic polarization in cerium chloride. A dual corrosion protection strategy employing cerating and addition of a REMS to the working solution is expected to provide long-lasting corrosion protection of mild steel. Dedicated to the ninetieth anniversary of Ya.M. Kolotyrkin’s birth. This article was submitted by the author in English.     

镁在人体模拟液中的腐蚀行为

探索了镁在人工人体模拟Hank溶液中的腐蚀行为, 发现镁在模拟液中的极化行为与在一般NaCl水溶液中相似. 电化学阻抗谱测试结果表明, 镁在模拟液中的一些具体反应对腐蚀的贡献可能比在NaCl溶液中的小. 在模拟液中, 镁腐蚀速度随时间不断变快. 这可能与模拟液中可抑制腐蚀的离子的消耗有关. 镁腐蚀产生了大量的氢气, 并使模拟液碱化. 这些结果表明, 镁虽然极有希望用作可消溶吸收的人体植入材料, 但仍有一些困难需要克服, 解决这些困难的关键在于适当地控制其腐蚀速度.     

Characterization of a heavily corroded bronze statue from Pharaonic Egypt

The current study aims to characterize a heavily corroded bronze statue from Pharaonic Egypt, in terms of the morphology and mechanism of corrosion. The characterization was carried out by a combination of methods, including the scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS), USB digital microscope, X-ray micro-diffraction, and Raman micro-spectroscopy. Insights into the morphology and corrosion mechanisms of two corrosion stages are presented. Specifically, the metallic-wall layer was first converted into grayish-brown corrosion mottled with green and gray spots in the central part, in which a greenish-white corrosion phase was formed in the second stage. The EDS analysis of the greenish-white phase revealed the predominance of tin, copper, oxygen, and carbon and a low chlorine content. The greenish-white phase consisted of four corrosion products: romarchite, cassiterite, malachite, and a small amount of atacamite. The morphology developed upon corrosion was attributed to the selective dissolution and depletion of copper in the central layer, internal oxidation of tin, and conversion of cuprite into malachite. Moreover, the usual bronze corrosion products were formed as a superficial layer on the statue.     

Cocos nucifera L. water as green corrosion inhibitor for acid corrosion of aluminium in HCl solution

<正>The ability of Cocos nucifera L.water(CW) as non-toxic corrosion inhibitor for acid corrosion of aluminium in 0.5 mol/L HCl has been studied using chemical technique.CW shows significant inhibition as corrosion inhibitor,with 93%efficiency at the highest concentration of the inhibitor.The inhibitive action is attributed to the adsorption of the inhibitor molecules on metal surface following Langmuir adsorption isotherm.