Reactions of transition-metal carbonyls with anhydrous HF

The reactions of a wide range of transition-metal carbonyls with anhydrous HF are described. In particular, Ru₃(CO)₁₂, Os₃(CO)₁₂ and Ir₄(CO)₁₂ give the solution stable [Ru₃(CO)₁₂H]⁺, [Ru(CO)₅H]⁺, [Os₃(CO)₁₂H]⁺, [Os(CO)₅H]⁺ and [Ir₄(CO)₁₂H₂]²⁺ respectively, which have been characterised by a combination of ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy.     

Mechanism of liquid-phase carbonylation of amines with carbon monoxide in presence of transition-metal salts and carbonyls

Conclusions The carbonylation of piperidine with carbon monoxide in the liquid phase, at 220° and 100 atm.in the presence of transition-metal salts, I₂, or Fe(CO)₅ is inhibited by an excess of these compounds, and is a conjugated oxidation-reduction reaction that bears a chain character.Deceased.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp.1872–1874, August, 1976.     

Reactions of oxalyl chloride with 1,2-cycloalkanediols in the presence of triethylamine

The relationship between the product patterns and the configurations of 1,2-cycloheptane- and 1,2-cyclooctanediols 9 in the cyclocondensations with oxalyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine at 0 degrees C has been shown analogous to that obtained for 1,2-disubstituted acyclic ethylene glycols 1: cis-1,2-cyclooctanediol (9f) produced the cyclic oxalate 14f as the major product, while trans-1,2-cycloheptanediol (9e) and trans-1,2-cyclooctanediol (9g) formed the cyclic carbonates 12e, g as the major products. On the other hand, the cyclic oxalates 14a-d were formed as the major products from 1,2-cyclopentane- and 1,2-cyclohexanediols regardless of the configuration. These results can be accounted for by assuming the boat-like transition states for cyclizations of the half esters of comparatively rigid five- and six-membered diols 9a--d. The cyclic oxalates 14a, c may be directly formed through the resulting tetrahedral intermediates from cis-diols (9a,c), and the cyclic carbonates 12a,c as the minor products after ring inversion of the tetrahedral intermediates. The tetrahedral intermediates from the trans-isomers 9b, d cannot undergo ring inversion, producing no traces of the cyclic carbonates 12b, d.     

Photoinduced Fe-Cp bond cleavage and insertion reactions of strained silicon- and sulphur-bridged [1]ferrocenophanes in the presence of transition-metal carbonyls

The photochemical reactions of the moderately strained sila[1]ferrocenophane [Fe(eta-C(5)H(4))(2)SiPh(2)] (1) and the highly strained thia[1]ferrocenophane [Fe(eta-C(5)H(4))(2)S] (8) with transition-metal carbonyls ([Fe(CO)(5)], [Fe(2)(CO)(9)] and [Co(2)(CO)(8)]) have been studied. The use of metal carbonyls has allowed the products of photochemically induced Fe-cyclopentadienyl (Cp) bond cleavage reactions in the [1]ferrocenophanes to be trapped as stable, characterisable products. During the course of these studies the synthesis of 8 from [Fe(eta-C(5)H(4)Li)(2)TMEDA] (TMEDA=N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine) and S(SO(2)Ph)(2) has been significantly improved by a change of reaction solvent and temperature. Photochemical reaction of 1 with excess [Fe(CO)(5)] in THF gave the dinuclear complex [Fe(2)(CO)(2)(mu-CO)(2)(eta-C(5)H(4))(2)SiPh(2)] (9). The analogous photolytic reaction of 8 with [Fe(CO)(5)] in THF gave cyclic dimer [Fe(eta-C(5)H(4))(2)S](2) (10) and [Fe(2)(CO)(2)(mu-CO)(2)(eta-C(5)H(4))(2)S] (11), with the former being the major product. Photolysis of 1 with [Co(2)(CO)(8)] afforded the remarkable tetrametallic dimer [(CO)(2)Co(eta-C(5)H(4))SiPh(2)(eta-C(5)H(4))Fe(CO)(2)](2) (13). The corresponding photochemical reaction of 8 with [Co(2)(CO)(8)] gave a trimetallic insertion product in high conversion, [Co(CO)(4)(CO)(2)Fe(eta-C(5)H(4))S(eta-C(5)H(4))Co(CO)(2)] (14). These reactivity studies show that UV light promotes Fe-Cp bond cleavage reactions of both of the [1]ferrocenophanes 1 and 8. We have found that, whereas the less strained sila[1]ferrocenophane 1 requires photoactivation for Fe-Cp bond insertions to occur, the highly strained thia[1]ferrocenophane 8 undergoes both irradiative and non-irradiative insertions, although the latter occur at a slower rate. Our results suggest that such photoinduced bond cleavage reactions may be general and applicable to other related strained organometallic rings with pi-hydrocarbon ligands.     

Photochemical and Thermal Reactions of Quinones with p-Chlorothiophenol in Solid State and in Solution

The solid stare reaction (at room temperature) and photochemical reaction of p-benzoquinone, 1, 4-naphthoquinone, anthraquinone wth p-chlorothiophenol were investigated. Six new products were obtained, and the structures of these compounds were identified by means of IR, MS. ¹H NMR and elemental analysis.     

界面光化学反应研究进展

本文介绍了在气液界面上和LB 膜中的光化学反应特点及不同的类型, 从界面光聚合、界面光致变色、界面光致电子转移、光电转化等几个方面对最近几年来在界面光化学领域内的重要成果及最新进展进行了综述, 并对这一领域的发展和应用前景进行了展望。     

Photochemical reactions of metal carbonyls with heteroaromatic methanesulfonylhydrazone-based ligands

Three new heteroaromatic methanesulfonylhydrazone derivatives: thiophene-2-carboxy aldehydemethanesulfonylhydrazone (msh 1), 2-acetylthiophenemethanesulfonylhdrazone (msh 2), and 2-acetyl-5-methylthiophenemethanesulfonylhydrazone (msh 3) were prepared and their metal carbonyl complexes ([M(CO)₅(msh 1)] M = Cr, 1a; Mo, 1b; W, 1c); ([M(CO)₅(msh 2)] M = Cr, 2a; Mo, 2b; W, 2c); and ([M(CO)₅(msh 3)] M = Cr, 3a; Mo, 3b; W, 3c) were synthesized by photochemical reactions of [M(CO)₆ M = Cr, Mo, W] with msh 1–3. Heteroaromatic methanesulfonylhydrazones, msh 1–3, and their metal carbonyl complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, IR, and ¹H and ¹³C–{¹H} NMR spectroscopy. According to all the spectroscopic data, msh 1–3 are monodentate and coordinate via thiophene ring sulfur. The msh 1–3 must act as two-electron donors to satisfy the 18-electron rule.     

Reactions of diazoles with manganese and iron carbonyls

The compounds of two types were isolated in the reactions of dimanganese decacarbonyl with diazoles. The compounds with an unaltered oxidation state of the metal were formed as a result of nucleophilic substitution of a carbonyl ligand of Mn₂(CO)₁₀. The compounds with an altered oxidation state of the central atom were produced in redox-transformations of Mn₂(CO)₁₀. The substances were characterized by the data of mass-, IR-, ¹H-NMR-spectra. The EPR-data were obtained for paramagnetic Mn²⁺ salts. The reactions of Mn₂(CO)₁₀ with diazoles are compared with those of iron carbonyls.     

Thermal stability of transition-metal complexes

This review aims at justifying the relationship between the room-temperature structures of transition-metal complexes and their thermal stabilities. The different factors affecting the thermal stability were also clarified. The survey of a larger number of transition-metal complexes showed various correlations of thermal stability with metal ion, ligand character or counterion.     

Enantioselective Catalysis of Photochemical Reactions

The nature of the excited state renders the development of chiral catalysts for enantioselective photochemical reactions a considerable challenge. The absorption of a 400 nm photon corresponds to an energy uptake of approximately 300 kJ mol^?1. Given the large distance to the ground state, innovative concepts are required to open reaction pathways that selectively lead to a single enantiomer of the desired product. This Review outlines the two major concepts of homogenously catalyzed enantioselective processes. The first part deals with chiral photocatalysts, which intervene in the photochemical key step and induce an asymmetric induction in this step. In the second part, reactions are presented in which the photochemical excitation is mediated by an achiral photocatalyst and the transfer of chirality is ensured by a second chiral catalyst (dual catalysis).     

Regioselective stannylmetalation of acetylenes in the presence of transition-metal catalyst

The reaction of terminal acetylenes with Bu₃SnMgMe, Bu₃SnA1Et₂, or (Bu₃Sn)₂Zn in the presence of various transition-metal catalysts provides vinylstannanes in good yields. Whereas copper catalysed stannylmagnesation of 4-benzyloxy-1-butyne gives (E)-4-benzyloxy-1-tributylstannyl-1-butene exclusively, palladium catalysed stannylzincation affords 4-benzyloxy-2-tributylstannyl-1-butene preferentially.     

Photochemical Reactions of Ligands in Transition-Metal Complexes

Three types of photochemical reaction of coordination compounds are well-known and have often been discussed: redox reactions, substitutions, and isomerizations. Less well known is a fourth type of reaction, which occurs fairly frequently: reaction of the ligands themselves. It is the purpose of this article to fill the corresponding gap in the photochemical literature and to summarize our current knowledge of such reactions and of their mechanisms and possible applications.     

Acid-Base and Photochemical Reactions of Selenious Acid

Abstract

Spectrophotometric data used in connection with H_A acidity function yield pK₁=?3.3(K₁= [H₂SeO₃][H⁺]/[H₃SeO₃ ⁺]);potentiometric and spectral measurements give for pK₂ and pK₃ data in agreement with the literature. At pH > 10 selenite undergoes a fast photochemical reaction, preceded by a rapidly established acid-base equilibrium. Products of this reaction undergo a slow reaction which is second order in selenite.     

光化学反应的从头算研究

光化学反应是最基本也是最重要的物理化学过程之一,在诸多领域有着广泛的应用。由于计算方法的限制以及光化学反应过程的错综复杂性,光化学反应机理的从头算研究是极具挑战性的国际前沿课题之一。本文综述了近20年来羰基化合物光化学反应机理从头算研究的一些进展,总结了羰基化合物电子激发态的特性和光化学反应过程的规律性,为深入研究光化学反应提供一些有用的信息。     

Reactions of molybdenum and ruthenium carbonyls with some pyridylamine ligands

The interaction of Mo(CO)₆ and Ru₃(CO)₁₂ with 2-aminoethylpyridine (aepy), 2-hydrazinopyridine (hzpy) and dipicolylamine (dpa) have been investigated. Molybdenum complexes were found to have either mono- or binuclear derivatives, [MoO₂(CO)₂(aepy)] (1), [MoO₂(CO)₂(hzpy)] (2), [Mo₂O₆(aepy)₂] (3), [Mo₂O₆(hzpy)₂] (4), and [Mo₂O₄(dpa)₂] (5), depending on the reactions conditions. Ruthenium complexes are shown to have a molecular formulae of a mononuclear species; [Ru(CO)₃(aepy)] (6), [Ru(CO)₃(hzpy)] (7) and [Ru(CO)₂(dpa)] (8). The proposed structures of the complexes were elucidated using elemental analyses, i.r., u.v.–vis. and n.m.r. spectroscopy. The thermal stabilities of the reported complexes were also investigated using the t.g. technique.     

Thermal and Photochemical Transformations of Hetero-1,3,5-hexatrienes into Five-Membered Rings—Possible Pericyclic Reactions

Heterosubstituted 1,3,5-hexatrienes undergo thermal and photochemical cyclizations, most of which can be viewed as pericyclic reactions. Numerous cyclizations of this type have been reported in the literature. This article presents a systematic account of such reactions, classified according to the number and nature of the heteroatoms.     

Reactions of atomic transition-metal ions with long-chain alkanes

Understanding metal ion interactions with long-chain alkanes not only is of fundamental importance in the areas of organometallic chemistry, surface chemistry, and catalysis, but also has significant implication in mass spectrometry method development for the analysis of polyethylene. Polyethylene represents one of the most challenging classes of polymers to be analyzed by mass spectrometry. In this work, reactions of several transition-metal ions including Cr+, Mn+, Fe+, Co+, Ni+, Cu+, and Ag+ with long-chain alkanes, C28H58 and C36H74, are reported. A metal powder and the nonvolatile alkane are co-deposited onto a sample target of a laser desorption/ionization (LDI) time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The metal ions generated by LDI react with the vaporized alkane during desorption. It is found that all these metal ions can form adduct ions with the long-chain alkanes. Fe+, Co+, and Ni+ produce in-source fragment ions resulting from dehydrogenation and dealkylation of the adduct ions. The post-source decay (PSD) spectra of the metal-alkane adduct ions are recorded. It is shown that PSD of Ag+ alkane adduct ions produces bare metal ions only, suggesting weak binding between this metal ion and alkane. The PSD spectra of the Fe+, Co+, and Ni+ alkane adduct ions display extensive fragmentation. Fragment ions are also observed in the PSD spectra of Cr+, Mn+, and Cu+ alkane adduct ions. The high reactivity of Fe+, Co+, and Ni+ is consistent with that observed in small alkane systems. The unusually high reactivity of Cr+, Mn+, and Cu+ is rationalized by a reaction scheme where a long-chain alkane first forms a complex with a metal ion via ion/induced dipole interactions. If sufficient internal energy is gained during the complex formation, metal ions can be inserted into C-H and C-C bonds of the alkane, followed by fragmentation. The thermal energy of the neutral alkane is believed to be the main source of the internal energy acquired in the complex. Finally, the implication of this work on mass spectrometry method development for polyethylene analysis is discussed.