Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Ionic Liquid and Application for the Detection of Dissolved Oxygen

The electrochemical synthesis of silver nanoparticles (nano‐Ag) has been successfully carried out on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and indium tin oxide electrode (ITO) using 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMT) as green electrolytes. Further the electrodeposited nano‐Ag modified ITO electrode has been examined using atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X‐ray diffraction studies (XRD). The electrodeposited Ag nanoparticles on ITO were found in the size range of 5 to 35 nm. The nano‐Ag film modified GCE was further coated with nafion (Nf) and BMT (1 : 1 ratio) mixture and found to be stable in BMT and in pH 7 phosphate buffer solution (PBS). The nano‐Ag/BMT‐Nf film modified GCE successfully applied for the oxygen reduction reaction in neutral pH (pH 7.0 PBS). The proposed film modified GCE successfully reduces the over potential and show well defined reduction peaks for the detection of dissolved oxygen using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and rotating disc voltammetry (RDE). The film also applied for the detection of dissolved oxygen using electrochemical impedance spectroscopic studies (EIS).     

银纳米颗粒的合成及其与曙红Y的相互作用

分别制备了以L-半胱氨酸(L-cyst.)或以巯基乙酸(TGA)保护的银纳米颗粒,并用紫外-可见分光光度法和透射电子显微技术(TEM)对两种不同状态的银纳米颗粒的结构作了表征。由其吸收光谱图显示,L-cyst.和TGA保护的银纳米颗粒的吸收峰依次位于384 nm和392 nm波长处;由TEM的检测结果表明:上述2种形态银纳米颗粒的粒度大小依次在10~40 nm和20~30 nm范围内。试验中发现,以L-cyst.保护的银纳米颗粒与曙红Y之间有明显的相互作用,导致其吸收峰从384 nm红移至395 nm;以TGA保护的银纳米颗粒与曙红Y之间未见有相互反应。初步探讨了其作用机理,认为系由于结合于银纳米颗粒表面的L-半胱氨酸分子所带的正电荷与曙红Y分子上的负电荷之间的静电作用的结果。     

基于银离子与DNA相互作用的比率型电化学传感器用于银离子的检测

利用银离子(Ag⁺)可与DNA中胞嘧啶碱基(C)相互作用的性质, 构建了一种用于检测Ag⁺的比率型电化学传感器. 以铬金属有机骨架材料(Cr-MIL-101 NH₂)标记的单链DNA作为信号探针(Cr-MOFs-SP), 电解质溶液的二茂铁甲酸作为内部参考探针(Fc-RP), 在Ag⁺存在的情况下, 可以检测到Cr-MOFs的信号. 同时, 二茂铁甲酸的信号几乎保持稳定, 因此, Ag⁺浓度可以通过I_Cr-MOFs-SP/I_{Fc- RP}的比率响应进行监测. 所制备的比率型生物传感器可有效消除外界环境影响和避免电化学背景信号, 提高了检测的重现性、 准确性和灵敏度. 具有三维结构的DNA四面体纳米材料(NTH)可有效消除DNA的非特异性吸附. 同时, 所设计的DNA NTH增强了机械刚度, 可以增加Ag⁺的捕获量和信号物质的负载量, 进一步提高了检测灵敏度. 该比率型生物传感器对Ag⁺的检测具有良好的选择性、 较宽的线性范围(0.1~100 nmol/L)和较低的检出限(33 pmol/L). 将此传感器用于滇池水样中Ag⁺的含量测定, 回收率为96.8%~103.0%, 表明此传感器具有潜在的实际应用前景.     

计时电位法研究照相染料与溴化银晶体的相互作用

本文以电沉积在银电极上的溴化银为研究对象,用计时电位法研究了照相染料与溴化银晶体之间的相互作用。结果表明,染料对溴化银过渡时间、还原电位和电还原惰性物生成量均有显著影响,并且生成的电还原惰性物量的多少或平衡常数的大小与照相染料对溴化银乳剂感光度之间有一定的关系。     

Exploring the Interactions of Atomic Oxygen on Silver Clusters with Hydrogen

The interactions between Ag_nO^-(n=1-8) and H₂ (or D₂) were explored by combination of the mass spectroscopy experiments and density function theory (DFT) calculations. The experiments found that all oxygen atoms in Ag_nO^-(n=1-8) are inert in the interactions with H₂ or D₂ at the low temperature of 150 K, which is in contrast to their high reactivity with CO under the same condition. These observations are parallel with the preferential oxidation (PROX) of CO in excess hydrogen catalyzed by dispersed silver species in the condensed phase. Possible reaction paths between Ag_nO^-(n=1-8) and H₂ were explored using DFT calculations. The results indicated that adsorption of H₂ on any site of Ag_nO^-(n=1-8) is extremely weak, and oxidation of H₂ by any kind of oxygen in Ag_nO^-(n=1-8) has an apparent barrier strongly dependent on the adsorption style of the "O". These experiments and theoretical results about cluster reactions provided molecule-level insights into the activity of atomic oxygen on real silver catalysts.     

组氨酸修饰普鲁士蓝的制备及与银离子的作用

利用水热法合成了组氨酸修饰的普鲁士蓝(HisPB).通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM),X射线衍射(XRD)以及紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)等对合成的HisPB样品进行了形貌和结构表征.与未经修饰的普鲁士蓝(PB)相比,组氨酸修饰的普鲁士蓝粒子体积更大,表面更光滑,表面官能团增多,这些因素显著提升了普鲁士蓝在碱性溶液中的稳定性.确定了HisPB用于检测银离子的最佳pH值为10,通过监测HisPB与银离子反应后其紫外光谱在800 nm处的吸收峰强度变化以及溶液颜色的改变,实现了对6～40μmol/L浓度范围内银离子的检测.     

The Interaction of Oxygen with Polythiozyl, (SN)x,Electrodes

Abstract

Studies of the background currents for polythioxyl electrodes in 1 N H₂SO₄ supporting electrolyte shows that oxygen strongly chemisorbs on both parallel and perpendicular surfaces. On fresh surfaces the principle product on anodic breakdown is oxygen but on prolonged cycling surface hydroxides of (SN)_x are the major surface functional groups at anodic breakdown.     

稀土对血红蛋白载氧功能的抑制及与血红蛋白的作用

实验表明稀土离子可一定程序地抑制血红蛋白在低发压时释放氧的功能；所有稀土离子可导致血红蛋白和血红素辅基的荧光发射增强，使血红蛋白的α－螺纹旋含量减少和引起二级结构和构象的改变；稀土离子还可能干扰珠蛋白部分和血红素辅基正常的相互作用。     

铋试金测定高铋物料中银量的研究与实践

火法试金最常用的为铅试金,当物料中铋含量>15%时铅试金分析方法测定银量结果精密度差,且结果偏低。本文重点研究了铋试金测定高铋铅阳极泥中的银量方法;铋试金和铅试金方法过程对比;铋试金方法中杂质元素Sb、Cu、As、Ni、Pb的干扰;铋试金过程中铋扣直接溶解滴定和铋扣灰吹二次试金方法对比。通过多家单位对精密度和回收率的考察,认为该方法准确、可靠。     

几种固态芳烃与银离子配合物形成常数的测定

作者曾报道用溶质蒸气循环方式制备液态芳烃的饱和溶液,测出苯、甲苯、二甲苯、卤代苯等液态芳烃在水和硝酸银体系中的溶解度,并计算了上述芳烃与Ag~+配合物的形成常数。 具有C=C双键的许多固态芳烃也象液态芳烃一样可与银离子形成配合物,我们设计了溶质蒸气循环方式制备固态芳烃的装置,该法的最大特点是固态溶质和溶剂不直接接触,可以避免固态溶质颗粒在溶剂中的分散和容器壁上的吸附现象,因此用本法测定的溶解度和配合物的形成常数数据可靠、精确。     

Volumetric Study of the Interaction Between Chloride Salts and Polyvinylpyrrolidone in Aqueous Solution

We are interested in polyvinylpyrrolidone as an analog for the D-state proteins. In a volumetric study, the interactions between polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and sodium-, potassium-, calcium-, and tetrabutylammonium chloride at 35°C in a series of aqueous PVP solutions over a concentration range of PVP up to 20 wt.% was performed. The volumes of transfer at infinite dilution _tr V ₂ ⁰ from water to the PVP solutions were determined for the salts; their decreasing order showed a parallel relation to the Hoffmeister series. The _tr V ₂ ⁰ data were analyzed by applying the McMillan–Mayer method to obtain the volumetric interaction coefficients between the ions and the polymer unit.     

Scalable Synthesis of Multi-Metal Electrocatalyst Powders and Electrodes and their Application for Oxygen Evolution and Water Splitting

Multi-metal electrocatalysts provide nearly unlimited catalytic possibilities arising from synergistic element interactions. We propose a polymer/metal precursor spraying technique that can easily be adapted to produce a large variety of compositional different multi-metal catalyst materials. To demonstrate this, 11 catalysts were synthesized, characterized, and investigated for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Further investigation of the most active OER catalyst, namely CoNiFeMoCr, revealed a polycrystalline structure, and operando Raman measurements indicate that multiple active sites are participating in the reaction. Moreover, Ni foam-supported CoNiFeMoCr electrodes were developed and applied for water splitting in flow-through electrolysis cells with electrolyte gaps and in zero-gap membrane electrode assembly (MEA) configurations. The proposed alkaline MEA-type electrolyzers reached up to 3 A cm⁻², and 24 h measurements demonstrated no loss of current density of 1 A cm⁻².     

The Stable Isotopes of Oxygen in Research and Technical Applications

The stable isotopes of oxygen have proved to be efficient research tools; however, only a small fraction of the possible applications of these isotopes have been examined so far. The present progress report deals with five basic types of isotopic effects whose investigation and evaluation offer information of a new kind about physical, chemical, and biological systems and processes.     

1,2—双[烷基（芳基）硫代]乙烷对银的萃取及其配合物

本文研究了1,2-双(正-丙基硫代)乙烷(BPrTE)、1,2-双(正-戊基硫代)乙烷(BATE)、1,2-双(正-辛基硫代)乙烷(BOTE)和1,2-双(苯基硫代)乙烷(BPTE)对银的萃取.讨论了硝酸浓度、稀释剂RS(CH_2)_2SR(L)中R基因对萃取银的影响.L可从大量贱金属和氯化物中定量地萃取银,银和配体可形成组成为Ag:L=2.5:1,2:1,3:2,1:1,2:3,1:2系列配合物.     

A BiVO4 Photoanode with a VOx Layer Bearing Oxygen Vacancies Offers Improved Charge Transfer and Oxygen Evolution Kinetics in Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

Sluggish oxygen evolution kinetics are one of the key limitations of bismuth vanadate (BiVO₄) photoanodes for efficient photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. To address this issue, we report a vanadium oxide (VO_x) with enriched oxygen vacancies conformally grown on BiVO₄ photoanodes by a simple photo-assisted electrodeposition process. The optimized BiVO₄/VO_x photoanode exhibits a photocurrent density of 6.29 mA cm⁻² at 1.23 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode under AM 1.5 G illumination, which is ca. 385 % as high as that of its pristine counterpart. A high charge-transfer efficiency of 96 % is achieved and stable PEC water splitting is realized, with a photocurrent retention rate of 88.3 % upon 40 h of testing. The excellent PEC performance is attributed to the presence of oxygen vacancies in VO_x that forms undercoordinated sites, which strengthen the adsorption of water molecules onto the active sites and promote charge transfer during the oxygen evolution reaction. This work demonstrates the potential of vanadium-based catalysts for PEC water oxidation.     

安替比林基重氮氨基-2,4-二硝基苯与银(Ⅰ)的显色反应及其应用

本文报道了安替比林基重氮氨基－２，４－二硝基苯（ＡＰＤＮＢＴ）与银（Ⅰ）的显色反应．在吐温－８０存在下，ｐＨ＝９．０～１０．０的范围内，试剂与银（Ⅰ）形成２∶１的配合物；配合物对试剂的最大吸收在４８５ｎｍ处，ε为７．２×１０４Ｌ－１·ｍｏｌ·ｃｍ－１；提出了消除阳离子干燥的银镜分离法；方法用于测定合成试样及照相显影液中银的含量，回收率为９６～１０３％，相对标准偏差小于２．０％．     

射频溅射制备的多晶ZnO膜表面氧的吸附和脱附

多晶的六角密排的ｃ轴平行于衬底的ＺｎＯ膜已用射频溅射的方法制备出来，一电场感应的氧吸附在这些膜上被观察到由紫外光照射或与Ａｒ离子反应所产生的氧的脱附可使膜的电导率增加６－７个数量级，并且一个积累层在膜的表面显现出来。     

The Complexation Reactions of N-methylated Polyamines with Silver(I) in Dimethylsulfoxide

Abstract

The thermodynamic parameters for the complex formation reactions in dimethylsulfoxide (dmso) between Ag(I) and the following polyamines: N,N′-dimethylethylenediamine (dmen), N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (dmen), N,N″-dimethyl-diethylenetriamine (dmdien) and N,N,N′,N″, N″-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (pmdien) have been determined by potentiometric and calorimetric techniques at 298 K and 0.1 mol dm^?3 ionic strength (NEt₄ClO₄). Only mononuclear complexes are formed (AgL_j ⁺ j = 1,2) where the ligands act prevalently as chelate agents. All the complexes are enthalpy stabilized whereas the entropy changes counteract the complex formation. The results are discussed in terms of different basicities and steric requirements of both the ligands and the complexes formed.     

The Investigation of Oscillographic Chronopotentiometry at Silver Disk Electrode and Its Mechanism

A.C.oscillopolarographyintroducedbyHeyrovskyinl94lhasbeendevelopedintoanewfieldofelectroanalyticalchemistry-osciIIographicanaIysis'.Astothedevelopmentofelectrode,thechangefromthedroppingmercuryeIectrode(DME)tothesolidelectrode(thehangingmercurydropelectrodeormercuryfilmelectrode)makesoscillographicanalysisarealpracticalvaIue2.Hencedevelopinganewtypeofelectrodeisimportantfortheprogressofoscillographicanalysis.Thepresentpaperdescribestheinvestigationofoscillographicchrono-potentiometryatsilv…