在质量块冲击作用下刚架大挠度响应的实验研究

本文报道刚架跨中受到以不同速度运动的质量块冲击时动态大挠度响应的实验研究工作,实验测取了冲击点位移、速度随时间变化的曲线及某些关键点的动态应变历史,由此描述了在响应过程中,质量块与刚架间动量动能的传递过程,找出了塑性区域形成和扩展的规律。研究表明:初始撞击接近于理想非弹性,动态荷载不宜简化为瞬时冲量,此时初始冲击动能与刚架所能吸收的最大弹性能之比即便很大,响应中弹性成分仍占有很大的比例,能量比率作为判断是否宜于采用刚塑性解答的条件已不再充分;刚架在初始撞击中吸收的能量和冲量与初始动能和动量之比,仅与刚架承受初始撞击的相当质量和冲击物质量之比有关,而与冲击速度无关,文中给出了二者的关系式。     

四边固定矩形板大挠度问题的摄动最小二乘解

本文将摄动法与加权残值法相结合,提出了求解大挠度问题的摄动加权法,编制了PWS计算程序,计算了四边固定矩形板在均布载荷下的大挠度问题。算例的结果与实验一致。     

Lee极值原理与结构的大挠度塑性动力响应

本文介绍了利用Lee 极值原理确定结构的大挠度塑性动力响应的数值方法,给出了在均布冲击载荷作用下的理想刚塑性门形框架的大挠度进化模态解,指出如果模态形式取得合适,可使进化模态解接近于真实解.这样得到的门形框架的大挠度模态解与文献[8]中的实验结果和文献[9]中的大挠度完全解都符合得很好.     

双向压缩简支矩形板的后屈曲性态

本文从Karman板大挠度方程出发,以挠度为摄动参数,采用直接摄动法,研究了简支矩形板在面内双向压缩作用下的后屈曲性态.本文同时考虑了板初始几何缺陷的影响.计算结果与实验结果的比较表明二者是一致的.     

计入膜力塑性耗散效应的矩形板塑性动力响应

从能量的观点在小挠度理论中引入表征膜力塑性耗散效应的修正因子,基于刚性板块的总体平衡给出矩形板大挠度塑性动力响应的完全运动方程组,分析了理想刚塑性简支和固支矩形板在矩形脉冲和冲击载荷下包括移行塑性铰相的完全大挠度响应过程。解决了当矩形板的挠度达到厚度量级时弯矩、膜力的联合作用问题,理论预报的结果在板的挠度为10倍板厚的量级与实验结果符合良好,改进了只考虑弯矩作用的小挠度理论结果和模态近似估计。     

基于改进粒子群的薄壁变截面刚架临界载荷优化算法

针对大型变截面薄壁结构的稳定问题,以一类任意约束对称结构受非对称载荷的单跨刚架为研究对象,结构拆分为相关铁木辛柯(Timoshenko)梁,结合差分原理和最优化方法,以每段刚架的每个离散点挠度、临界载荷、轴力、剪力和梁端弯矩为设计变量,建立求解满足边界条件的非线性差分方程模型,提出基于优胜劣汰粒子更新的粒子群(IPSO)临界载荷优化算法。运用JAVA编程语言编制对应优化程序,分析典型算例并核实ABAQUS仿真结果。研究表明,本文提出的优化算法获得了有效的变形位型和高精度的临界载荷计算,能更好地描述刚架受力下位型和载荷的力学关系,进一步为工程设计与分析提供支持。     

基于改进粒子群的薄壁变截面刚架临界载荷优化算法

针对大型变截面薄壁结构的稳定问题,以一类任意约束对称结构受非对称载荷的单跨刚架为研究对象,结构拆分为相关铁木辛柯（Timoshenko）梁,结合差分原理和最优化方法,以每段刚架的每个离散点挠度、临界载荷、轴力、剪力和梁端弯矩为设计变量,建立求解满足边界条件的非线性差分方程模型,提出基于优胜劣汰粒子更新的粒子群（IPSO）临界载荷优化算法。运用JAVA编程语言编制对应优化程序,分析典型算例并核实ABAQUS仿真结果。研究表明,本文提出的优化算法获得了有效的变形位型和高精度的临界载荷计算,能更好地描述刚架受力下位型和载荷的力学关系,进一步为工程设计与分析提供支持。     

二层刚架动静态综合性实验设计研究

 根据学科的发展并结合作者的实践，设计了二层刚架动静态综合性教学实验，包 括最大静态应力应变、最大动态应力应变的测试. 通过一组综合性实验作为示范，介绍二层 刚架的教学实验要求、实验把握、实验讨论等，说明了二层刚架具有使学生理论融会贯通、 培养学生思维形象化和综合分析能力及动手能力的特点，亦反映了二层刚架适合于教学实验 的特色.     

波纹壳的摄动解法

应用扁锥壳的非线性大挠度理论,研究了在均布载荷和中心集中载荷下,具有光滑中心的锯齿形和梯形波纹壳,采用摄动法和幂级数方法,得到了波纹壳的弹性特征。本文的解答符合实验结果。     

用边界元法求解薄板大挠度弯曲问题

本文提出一个用边界元法求解薄板大挠度弯曲问题的方法,利用此方法计算了部分算例。其中:圆板、椭圆板的计算结果与已有文献的结果进行了比较,实践证明:本文提出的方法是十分满意的;对于椭圆板情形,本文的结果比Nash,W,A,的结果更接近于实验值。 本文提出了处理域积分的半解析半数值法(HAN)并首次计算了半圆板、半椭圆板及正三角形板的大挠度弯曲问题,这些问题的解还未见到有关文献讨论过。     

Lee's extremum principle and the large deflection response of dynamically loaded plastic structures

An approximate method based on Lee's extremum principle is introduced to study the large deflections of dynamically loaded plastic structures. As an example, the evolutionary mode of an impulsively loaded rigid-perfectly plastic portal frame is determined and then compared with the experimental results [8] and with the large deflection complete solution obtained previously [9]. It is found that the evolutionary modal solution may approach the complete solution if the modes are appropriately chosen.     

含切口悬臂梁的大变形塑性冲击动力响应

本文分析了含切口的悬臂梁受飞射物撞击的刚塑性动力响应的完全解,推导了考虑几何大变形效应的“双铰模式”的动力学方程,给出了计算方法和计算结果,最后讨论了耗散能的分配和切口对梁最终变形的影响。     

The complete process of large elastic-plastic deflection of a cantilever

An extension of the Elastica theory is developed to study the large deflection of an elastic-perfectly plastic horizontal cantilever beam subjected to a vertical concentrated force at its tip. The entire process is divided into four stages: I.elastic in the whole cantilever; II.loading and developing of the plastic region; III.unloading in the plastic region; and IV.reverse loading. Solutions for stages I and II are presented in a closed form. A combination of closed-form solution and numerical integration is presented for stage III. Finally, stage IV is qualitatively studied. Computed results are given and compared with those from small-deflection theory and from the Elastica theory.     

加筋板结构的大变形

本文对受均布载荷，具有一根纵向加筋多根横向加筋的加筋板结构的残余变形导出了近似理论分析方法。从假设变形模态出发，依据极限分析原理获得可能变形模态和模态判别条件。在变形分析中，计及膜力（轴力）影响，但忽略弹性影响，得到了各变形模态下的残余变形估算公式。最后根据本文的理论分析方法和ＡＤＩＮＡ程序作了实例计算，两者的变形模态和最大残余变形均十分一致     

Development mechanism of local plastic buckling in bars subjected to axial impact

In order to clarify the developmental mechanism of the local plastic buckling and the interaction between axial wave and buckling deformation in an axially impacted slender-bar, the non-linear dynamic equations in the incremental form are derived and solved by use of the finite difference method, with the axial wave front treated as a moving boundary. The initial local-buckling deflection given by the characteristic-value analysis is used as the initial condition of the solution of the equations, instead of the initial imperfection that is assumed in literatures. It is found that the initial buckling deflection with one half-wave, occurring near the impacted end, develops into the higher post-buckling mode with several half-waves, as the axial compression waves propagate forward. The numerical results show that no strain reversal occurs at the early stage of post-buckling process, and the solution corresponding to the tangent-modulus theory is valid for the dynamic plastic post-buckling response of the bar at this stage. The theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental results reported in the literature.     

盒形结构在碰撞下的能量吸收能力

用盒形结构保护产品是最常见的包装方式之一。本文对盒形结构在碰撞载何作用下的大挠度变形模式和能量吸收能力进行了实验研究;在同时考虑弯曲和膜力消耗塑性功的基础上,用能量平衡法给出了一个近似理论分析。理论与实验结果基本一致,可望用于盒形结构的耐撞性设计。     

Optimal design of plastic structures under impulsive and dynamic pressure loading

Optimal design of a rigid-plastic stepped beam and circular plate is considered in the first part of the paper assuming the mode form of motion. The form of optimal mode is sought for which a structure of constant volume attains a minimum of local or mean deflection. It is assumed that the constant kinetic energy Ko is attained by the structure through impulsive loading. Differences between optimal static and dynamic solutions are discussed. Non-uniqueness of modes is demonstrated and significance of stable mode motions is emphasized. In the second part of the paper, an optimal design of a rigid-plastic stepped beam loaded by a uniform pressure over a time interval 0 ? t ? t₁ is considered assuming constant beam volume and looking for a design corresponding to minimum of local deflection. The solution presented is valid for moderate dynamic pressures when mode motion occurs during consecutive time intervals and no travelling plastic hinges exist.     

强脉冲载荷作用下结构塑性大变形的最大挠度直接预测

经过多年的研究,由中国学者提出和研发的膜力因子法和饱和分析方法已被证明是分析和预测冲击、爆炸等强动载荷作用下梁、板等结构件的塑性大变形行为的有力工具.在这两套理论工具相结合所获得的一系列最新成果的基础上,文章提出一种对梁和板在强脉冲作用下的最大挠度的直接预测方法.考虑了膜力和弯矩相互作用的准确屈服条件,同时假定位移场近似地按照与准静态破损机构相似的模态发生变化,该方法直接从膜力因子的表达式出发,依据外载作的功与塑性耗散相等的能量条件,只需要求解初等方程就可以简单明晰地得到梁和板在矩形脉冲作用下的最大挠度,极大地简化了数学推导.与同时考虑准确屈服条件和瞬态响应阶段的完全解以及具有上下界的模态解相比,这一方法能够同样准确但更简单地计入膜力对结构大变形承载能力的效应,为工程设计提供比完全解更简明、比模态解更精准的梁和板最大塑性变形的估算公式;再同改进的脉冲等效技术相结合,这种直接预测方法有望进一步拓展到更复杂的结构件,获得广泛的工程应用.     

ANALYSIS OF THE LARGE DEFLECTION DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF RIGID-PLASTIC CIRCULAR PLATE RESTING ON FLUID

A study is presented for the large deflection dynamic response of rigid-plastic circular plate resting on potential fluid under a rectangular pressure pulse load.By virtue of Hankel integral transform technique,this interaction problem is reduced toa problem of dynamic plastic response of the plate in vacuum.The closed-formsolutions are derived for both middle and high pressure loads by solving the equationsof motion with the large deflection in the range where both bending moments andmembrane forces are important.Some numerical results are given.