基于酪胺信号放大的新型免疫传感器

将酪胺应用于酶联免疫分析,建立了一种新的高灵敏伏安型免疫传感器。利用纳米金的静电吸咐和己二硫醇、巯基乙胺的自组装,将羊抗人IgG抗体固定到金电极表面上,以辣根过氧化物酶标记羊抗人IgG抗体为酶标抗体,以生物素化酪胺为酶底物,利用催化酪胺沉积反应,在传感界面沉积大量生物素,使原始信号得到几何级数的放大。结果表明,通过生物素化酪胺催化放大后,制得的免疫传感器对H2O2的催化能力增大近20倍,检测hIgG在1.5μg/L～22 mg/L范围内有良好的线性关系,检出限为0.1μg/L。用于实际试样的回收率的测定,结果良好。     

一次性信号放大电化学阻抗RNA传感器研究

以自制的丝网印刷碳电极(SPCE)为基体电极,利用DNA四面体纳米探针和酶催化信号放大构建了一个一次性电化学阻抗型RNA传感器.固定在AuNPs修饰的SPCE表面的DNA四面体结构能确保DNA探针具有可控的密度和方向,结合辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)催化H_2O_2氧化4-氯-1-萘酚(CN)的反应,生成不溶物沉积在电极表面,有效地放大电化学阻抗信号,实现了miRNA的高灵敏阻抗测定.检测限可以低至1.0 pmol/L,阻抗值和miRNA-141浓度的对数在3.0～1 000 pmol/L之间具有良好的定量关系.     

免标型沙丁胺醇免疫电化学传感器

构建了以茜素为探针,二氧化钛掺杂乙炔黑和壳聚糖复合材料为信号放大平台的新型免标型沙丁胺醇免疫传感器。于修饰电极的表面电沉积金纳米粒子,实现沙丁胺醇抗体的固定并进一步增大电流响应。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对材料进行表征,循环伏安法(CV)和电化学阻抗谱图(EIS)对修饰电极的构建过程及传感器的性能进行电化学表征。采用差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)检测茜素在修饰电极表面的峰电流值,不同浓度的沙丁胺醇(SAL)抗原与抗体发生免疫亲和反应后,该峰电流值随着沙丁胺醇浓度的增大而减小,并呈线性关系,据此建立峰电流值与沙丁胺醇浓度的关系并实现了对沙丁胺醇的定量检测。探究了缓冲溶液p H值、孵化温度和孵化时间对免疫传感器的影响。在最佳条件下,该免疫传感器对沙丁胺醇的线性响应范围为1.0~100μg/L,检出限(LOD)为0.67μg/L(3σ/k)。该免疫传感器具有良好的重现性、选择性和稳定性,已成功用于猪饲料和猪肉样品中沙丁胺醇的检测,加标回收率分别为100.2%~102.4%(相对标准偏差为1.9%~4.7%)和97.5%~103.3%(相对标准偏差为2.1%~3.5%)。     

基于丝网印刷电极的甲胎蛋白电化学免疫传感器

报道了一种基于金纳米粒子(AuNPs)双重信号放大的高灵敏电化学免疫传感器,并应用于肝癌标志物甲胎蛋白(AFP)的检测。通过在丝网印刷电极(SPE)表面电沉积AuNPs提高电极的重现性,利用AuNPs的吸附作用固定AFP抗体,用于捕获样品中的待测AFP抗原,并进一步与固定了辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)标记检测抗体的纳米金免疫探针发生特异性结合,所形成的夹心免疫复合物可以催化底物得到响应电流。用扫描电镜(SEM)和微分脉冲伏安法(DPV)等技术研究电极组装过程以及电极的化学性质,讨论了影响免疫传感器性能的因素。在最优实验条件下,传感器的峰电流信号与AFP浓度在2.5~30ng/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为0.16ng/mL。该传感器具有灵敏度高、成本低、仪器体积小的优点,具有较好的应用前景。     

碳纳米管/纳米金复合膜电化学免疫传感器用于微囊藻毒素的检测研究

在玻碳电极表面修饰碳纳米管,并用多电位阶跃法在碳纳米管表面沉积纳米金制得碳纳米管/纳米金复合膜。通过纳米金和微囊藻毒素-(亮氨酸-精氨酸)抗体之间的吸附作用,将抗微囊藻单克隆抗体固定于电极表面,以牛血清白蛋白封闭非特异性吸附位点,研制了检测微囊藻毒素的电化学免疫传感器。利用微囊藻毒素与其抗体之间的特异性识别作用构建"三明治"夹心结构的免疫分析模式,以辣根过氧化物酶标记抗体为二抗,利用微分脉冲伏安法实现了对微囊藻毒素的检测。在优化条件下,此传感器的响应电流与微囊藻毒素浓度在0.50~12.0μg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为0.30μg/L(S/N=3)。对实际水样进行了微囊藻毒素的加标回收实验,回收率在93.0%~108.5%之间,相对标准偏差为3.8%~5.0%。     

基于双层酶信号放大及纳米功能界面的微囊藻毒素电化学免疫传感器

设计了一种基于纳米复合膜双层酶信号放大的竞争型电化学免疫传感器,用于检测痕量微囊藻毒素-LR(Microcystin-(leucine-arginine),MCLR)。在多壁碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极上电沉积金纳米粒子形成纳米复合膜,作为MCLR抗体(anti-MCLR)和辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)的固定化载体;引入HRP作为封闭剂或者通过抗体捕获HRP标记的MCLR(HRP-MCLR),起封闭活性位点及协同催化的作用。利用MCLR与HRPMCLR对纳米复合膜所固载抗体活性位点的竞争结合模式,采用微分脉冲伏安法(DPV)测定电极界面上HRP酶催化过氧化氢(H_2O_2)氧化对苯二酚(HQ)产生的还原电流,实现MCLR的定量检测。此传感器具有良好的特异性、稳定性与灵敏度,线性检测范围为0.1~100.0 μg/L,检出限为0.038 μg/L(S/N=3),对实际水样的加标回收率为72.9%~117.3%。     

以金纳米颗粒-二氧化钛纳米线阵列为支架的电化学免疫传感的构建及其应用

首先以掺杂氟的二氧化锡导电玻璃为基片,采用水热法制备出二氧化钛纳米线阵列,然后使用电化学沉积法将金纳米颗粒修饰于二氧化钛纳米线阵列表面以增强其导电性和生物相容性.将纳米金-二氧化钛纳米线阵列用作电化学免疫传感器支架,利用纳米金与癌胚抗原抗体之间的静电吸附作用,将包被抗体负载于电极表面制得检测癌胚抗原的电流型免疫传感器.同样,水热法还被用于制备圆柱形二氧化钛纳米棒,以辛二酸双(3-磺基-N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯)钠盐为双氨基交联剂,将辣根过氧化物酶和信号抗体一起固定于二氧化钛纳米棒表面作为示踪标记物.扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜和X射线衍射分析仪均被用于分析上述材料的结构、形貌和组成.通过夹心型免疫反应,示踪标记物上信号抗体被定量负载于免疫传感器表面.通过一个以过氧化氢为媒介体的辣根过氧化物酶催化反应,差示脉冲伏安法被用于癌胚抗原的定量测定.结果表明,该癌胚抗原免疫传感器线性范围为0.01~120μg/L,检测限为6 ng/L.     

基于石墨烯和金纳米笼修饰的无标记型微囊藻毒素免疫传感器的研制

利用石墨烯及中空结构的金纳米笼构建了无标记型电化学免疫传感器,并用于微囊藻毒素的检测。利用多元醇还原法合成制备了导电性好、催化性强、生物相容性好的金纳米笼;再利用高分散的石墨烯将其固定于玻碳电极表面,进一步吸附固定微囊藻毒素抗体。在无微囊藻毒素存在时,电化学探针[Fe(CN)6]3!/4!在传感器界面上能获得较高的电流响应信号。当培育了微囊藻毒素后,抗体与微囊藻毒素形成免疫结合物,增加了电极表面的电荷密度和传质阻力,阻碍[Fe(CN)6]3!/4!扩散到电极表面,导致[Fe(CN)6]3!/4!的电流响应信号明显降低,电流减小的程度间接地与微囊藻毒素的浓度成比例,可实现对微囊藻毒素的检测。实验考察了抗原培育时间,抗体浓度等条件对该传感器响应性能的影响。结果表明,此传感器对微囊藻毒素的线性响应范围为0.05~1000μg/L,检出限为0.017μg/L,优于文献报道。此传感器操作简单,并且具有良好的稳定性,将其用于实际水样中微囊藻毒素的检测,平均加标回收率为94.1%。     

交联镍纳米片修饰电极用于无酶葡萄糖传感器

以滴涂法在玻碳电极表面修饰一层阳离子交换聚合物Nafion膜,通过离子交换将Ni2+固定于电极表面,进一步电化学沉积得到相互交联的Ni纳米片。Ni纳米片修饰电极能催化葡萄糖的电化学氧化,可用于无酶葡萄糖传感器的构建。在0.60 V恒电位条件下,Ni纳米片修饰电极的氧化峰电流随葡萄糖浓度的增大而增大,其线性响应浓度范围为0.02~3.85 mmol/L。传感器的检测灵敏度为150.6μA(mmol/L)-1·cm-2,检出限为5μmol/L,响应时间为5 s。传感器应用于葡萄糖注射液的检测,加标回收率为90.0%。     

基于噬菌体展示抗体的电化学发光免疫传感器检测相思子毒素研究

以多克隆抗体包被磁性微球制备捕获探针,以表面负载大量三联吡啶钌标记物的噬菌体展示抗体为发光探针有效放大信号,成功建立了相思子毒素电化学发光免疫传感检测方法。利用本方法检测相思子毒素,浓度在0.005～100μg/L范围内与电化学发光强度呈良好的对数线性关系,拟合方程为lgY=0.701lgX+1.767(R=0.9964,N=7,p<0.0001),检测限达0.005μg/L(S/N=3)。与采用单克隆抗体制备标记探针相比,检测灵敏度提高20倍,可用于相思子毒素的痕量检测。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.     

Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by novel Nmm-based ionic liquids in water

A series of novel N-methyl morpholine (Nmm) based ionic liquids with 1,2-propanediol group were synthesized and used as catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation at room temperature in water. Under the effect of the catalyst, various aldehydes or aliphatic ketones could react with a wide range of activated methylene compounds well, including malononitrile, alkyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide, β-diketone, barbituric acid, 2-arylacetonitrile and thiazolidinedione. Furthermore, most of the products could be separated just by filtrating and washing with water. Additionally, the catalyst is recyclable and applicable for the large-scale synthesis.     

Construction of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives via sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction

A series of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields via a catalyst-free sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 under mild conditions. We also present the first asymmetric sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 with moderate to good enantioselectivities catalyzed by readily available chiral phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs).     

Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor NS2028: a non-product specific route to C-8 substituted analogues

Both soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitors ODQ 1 and NS2028 2 are synthesized via improved protocols. In the former case treating 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one oxime 8, which can be prepared in two steps from 1,2-benzenediamine, with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) gives the dihydro-ODQ 10 that in the presence of KMnO₄ oxidises to give ODQ 1 in an overall yield of 46% starting from 1,2-benzenediamine. In the latter case, the synthesis affords NS2028 2 from 2-amino-4-bromophenol 3 in three steps with an overall yield of 85% and avoids the need for chromatography. Furthermore, Suzuki-Miyaura reaction conditions are described that enable the preparation of 8-aryl and 8-heteroaryl derivatives of NS2028 directly from NS2028 2. Finally, demethylation of the 8-(methoxyphenyl) substituted analogues afforded the 8-(hydroxyphenyl) derivatives 40-42. All new products are fully characterised.